大学生一般自我效能感与人际信任的关系研究

以258名大学生为被试,采用一般自我效能感量表和马氏量表Ⅳ,对大学生一般自我效能感与人际信任的关系进行研究。结果表明：（1）男生的一般自我效能感显著高于女生;城市的大学生的一般自我效能感显著高于农村,一般自我效能感的学科差异不显著。（2）理工科大学生的人际信任显著高于文科;农村大学生的人际信任显著高于城市;人际信任的性别差异不显著。（3）大学生一般自我效能感与人际信任之间呈显著负相关。     

自我效能感对大学生心理健康的影响及对策

自我效能感是社会认知理论中的重要概念,提高大学生自我效能感对学生心理健康发展有积极作用。自我效能感对大学生的自尊和自信、人际关系、情绪健康方面有影响。为了提高大学生的自我效能感,构建良好家庭和学校环境,指导学生正确归因,教师和同学要积极关注、有效劝说。     

初中生人际信任度与主观幸福感、自我效能感关系研究

为探讨初中学生人际信任度与主观幸福感、自我效能感的关系。本研究选取山东潍坊市两所初级中学的初一至初三年级的150名初中学生作为调查对象。采用儿童马氏量表（版本3）、总体幸福感量表（GWB）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）进行测量,进而揭示初中学生的人际信任与主观幸福感、一般自我效能感的状况及其三者之间的关系。结果表明：初中生的人际信任与主观幸福感有较高的相关;初中学生的人际关系与其自我效能感有较高的相关：初中生的自我效能感与主观幸福感有较高的相关。总之,初中生人际信任对主观幸福感、自我效能感有极其显著的影响。     

一般自我效能感对大学新生人际信任的影响:社会幸福感的中介作用

为了探讨大学新生一般自我效能感、社会幸福感和人际信任的关系,采用一般自我效能感量表、社会幸福感量表和人际信任量表对394名大学新生进行调查。结果显示:(1)大学新生一般自我效能感与人际信任呈显著正相关;(2)社会幸福感在大学新生一般自我效能感对人际信任的影响中起中介作用。研究认为一般自我效能感不仅直接影响大学新生的人际信任,还会通过社会幸福感对大学新生的人际信任产生间接作用。     

大学生应付方式与自尊、自我效能感的关系

为了探讨大学生应付方式与自尊、自我效能感的关系,我们对250名大学生以班级为单位集体测试问卷。通过问卷分析我们发现：自尊、自我效能感倾向与积极应付方式呈正相关,与消极应付方式呈负相关;当代大学生倾向于采用积极应付方式;应付方式中性别差异仅存在于求助因子中,年级差异仅存在于退避因子中;解决问题因子对自我效能感有较显著的预测作用,解决问题和自责因子对自尊有较显著的预测作用。最后的结论是,使用适当的应付方式有助于提高大学生自尊和自我效能感。     

大学生学业自我效能感、自尊与学习倦怠的关系再探

目的：探讨大学生学业自我效能感、自尊与学习倦怠的现状及三者之间的关系,为减轻大学生的学习倦怠水平提供对策。方法：采用大学生学业自我效能感量表、自尊量表和大学生学习倦怠量表对184名在校大学生进行调查。结果：大学生自尊水平普遍比较高,学业自我效能感及学习倦怠总体处于中等水平;大学生自尊、学业自我效能感及学习倦怠存在在显著的性别及城乡间的差异;大学生自尊与学业自我效能感及其两个维度成显著正相关,与学习倦怠及其三个维度成显著负相关;学业自我效能感与学习倦怠总分及其行为不当、成就感低两个维度成显著负相关,但与情绪低落这一维度相关不显著;自尊与学业自我效能感对学习倦怠具有很好的预测作用。结论：自尊与学业自我效能感能很好地预测学习倦怠,可以通过提高学业自我效能感、培养高自尊的方式来降低大学生的学习倦怠水平。     

论大学生择业效能感的差异及培养途径

文章从增强学生自我效能感作为帮助解决大学生就业的职业辅导途径出发,根据班杜拉的 "自我效能感理论",分析了择业自我效能感对大学生就业行为的影响.并针对自我效能感的研究现状,进一步提出大学生择业自我效能感的培养要通过加强职业生涯教育观念、开展发展式就业指导等手段影响择业自我效能感形成与发展的内外因素,鼓励、强化其正面体验来增加正面的择业自我效能感,使其做出成功的职业选择.     

论女研究生职业自我效能感的主要功能、影响因素与培养途径

在当前就业形势严峻的现实情境下,职业自我效能感是影响女研究生就业成功与否的重要因素之一,对女研究生的职业兴趣、职业决策和择业范围都具有重要影响。信息源、内部因素以及职业性别刻板印象是影响女研究生职业自我效能感的主要因素。女研究生职业自我效能感的培养主要从五个方面展开:辅导心理知识、树立成功榜样、强化积极体验、引导正确归因、丰富实践活动,为解决当前女研究生就业难的现实问题提供一条可行途径。     

论自我效能感对大学生心理健康的影响及对策

自我效能感是社会认知理论中的重要概念,具有重要的健康功能。本文依据目前已有的调查研究,从自我效能感对大学生心理健康影响的角度,探讨了自我效能感对大学生的自尊和自信、人际关系、应对方式、情绪健康、学习适应等方面的影响,提出了提高大学生自我效能感的相应对策。     

欠发达地区教师人际信任对工作满意度的影响：自我效能感和工作投入的中介作用

欠发达地区教师工作满意度影响教师教育质量和教师职业坚守,是教师下得去、留得住、教得好的重要影响因素。通过对459名欠发达地区教师的问卷调查发现,教师人际信任对其工作满意度具有直接正向影响,且通过自我效能感和工作投入的链式中介发挥间接作用。进一步分析发现,对校长的信任、对同事的信任、对学生的信任均可以直接影响教师的工作满意度,也可以间接通过自我效能感和工作投入的链式中介影响教师的工作满意度。为进一步提高欠发达地区教师工作满意度,有必要增进教师人际信任,提高自我效能感和工作投入。     

Metaphors,self and reeducation

This study examines how graduates of a specific educational institution (“The Boarding School for the Gifted Disadvantaged” in Israel) integrate their school experiences into their life story. The in-depth interviews with the boarding school graduates demonstrate special use of the gift metaphor to describe their selfhood and their phenomenological attitude toward the boarding school. Against this backdrop, the article inductively extracts five variations of a gift (and of the self-concept of the boarding school graduates). The use of the various metaphors includes a comprehensive toolkit (self-understandings, accounts, different orders of discourse, sites for maintaining the self) that in turn reflects a different biographical attitude of the graduate toward the educational institution in which he studied as a youth. This study emphasizes that understanding of the manner in which individuals integrate educational and school experiences in their life story can teach us about schools as formation sites of the self and about the long-term influences of education.     

论身体、自我与身体自我

身体不只是物质的"肉体",它是自我的"体现"、个体精神的"本源"、知觉场、现象场、心理场的统一;身体自我也不只是对身体外部属性的感知,它与社会自我、心理自我融合在一起,对自我的影响与建构起着不可忽视的作用。     

Moral development,transformative learning,and the dialogical self

Attempts to find positive new directions for moral education now face a number of well‐recognized challenges, including those relating to the rise of commodification and the virtualization of experience. It is argued that there is now a need for innovative approaches that move beyond the traditional frameworks of critical thinking and ethical reasoning, and that encourage the development of moral dispositions and personal conscience. One crucial limitation of traditional approaches lies in their reliance on a monological interpretation of self‐reflection that emphasizes objective impressions of the self. It is proposed that only a dialogical model of self‐reflection that recognizes the presence of competing self‐impressions is fully consistent with the kinds of authentic self‐reflection and critical questioning that are required for the develc pment of moral conscience. The emerging dialogical model of the self is also compatible with an approach to moral conduct grounded in the idea of an ‘ethics without ethics’ in which dispositions to act for the good of the community become the focal goals. It is argued that the dialogical model of the self supports a dynamic view of selfhood and identity through which the subject is encouraged to recognize its own complexity and vulnerability, rather than external principles, as the basis for moral responsibility and action. In practical terms, the dialogical model supports the idea of engaging students in activities in which they are encouraged to monitor their own thoughts, feelings, and actions, rather than in activities which perpetuate objective, monological modes of self‐thematization.     

Computer self‐efficacy,academic self‐concept,and other predictors of satisfaction and future participation of adult distance learners

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model of satisfaction of adult learners in a Web‐based distance education course and their intent to participate in future Web‐based distance education courses. The factors examined were computer self‐efficacy, academic self‐concept, age, gender, academic status, years of computer use, frequency of computer use, computer training, Internet experience in a class, and participation in a workshop for a Web‐based course. Computer self‐efficacy was the only predictor variable that was statistically significant. There was a positive relationship between learners' satisfaction with their Web‐based distance education courses and their intent to participate in future Web‐based courses.     

Deconstructing games as play: progress, power, fantasy, and self

In this issue, I draw together two sets of papers, with apparently different agendas. Most of the original papers in this issue use various learning perspectives and research approaches to explore the challenges and affordances of digital games for learning science. Associated forum papers challenge the authors and us to critically examine our own approaches to developing learning resources that model experiential phenomena, analyzing data and making claims. I locate all these studies within Brian Sutton-Smith??s philosophy of play. The other set of papers critically examines neo-liberalism and globalization within a consideration of the dimensions of science. I argue for a synergy between both sets of papers.     

演回自己

在我演艺事业最忙的时候,在我同时拍6部戏、演着6个不同角色的时候,我忘了演自己。有一天站在镜子前面,看到的竟是一张陌生的脸。"我是谁?"我问自己,"我喜欢什么?我不喜欢做什么?我为什么不快乐?"这才发现,     

Acceptance of self,acceptance of others,and preferred teaching approach

One hundred and eighty-one teacher training students sat three attitude measuring instruments to investigate the relationships between attitudes to self, attitudes to others and attitudes to educational practices. Clinical studies within the ambit of Rogerian psychotherapy suggest that a relationship between self and other attitudes should be positive. Substantial and statistically significant positive correlations, in the order of p<0.01, emerged consistently in this study between attitudes to self and attitudes to a range of others and to progressive child centred educational practices. Self acceptance level would seem to be an index of attitudes to a wide range of others. This relationship provides a principle of utmost importance for human relationships since the application of psychological processes to enhance the self concept should facilitate as a corollary a decrease in interpersonal tensions and inter group conflict. This relationship is of particular consequence in the teaching context since teaching is a sharing of self with others. The results of the study suggest that those with low self acceptance prefer (p<0.01) to avoid close encounters with pupils and prefer a more traditional formal teaching style.     

记忆自我-关于自我如何创造记忆与记忆如何创造自我

认知神经心理学预测要去了解一复杂的系统,最好的方法就是去观察当某一零件过程抛锚时,发生了些什么.文章大量利用了这一原理,通过检验记忆被自我疾病所影响的方式和记忆失调对自我的危害,可以发现自我创造记忆和记忆如何提供了自我感.     

Living on borrowed time: rethinking temporality,self, nihilism,and schooling

Seeking to contribute to recent attempts to rethink the deepest foundations of the field, this paper offers news ways of contemplating time, specifically its relations to self, nihilism, and schooling. We briefly review how some leading Western thinkers have contemplated time before detailing Japanese scholars who have offered divergent, original, and arguably more sophisticated, theoretical accounts. We then illustrate these ideas by sketching how Japan ‘borrowed time’ following the abrupt political rupture of 1868, showing how Linear Time came to be disseminated and diffused, largely through modern schooling. Last, we spotlight the nihilism that has arisen as consequence. Our primary aim is not empirical elaboration, however, but instead disclosure of a complex of relations that the field of comparative education has yet to discuss. We offer both the experience-cum-thought of Japan and this complex itself as reconstructive resources for the field which remains shallow in its parochial presumptions and unwillingness to engage ontologically.