作家的使命和责任--论西欧作家与第一次世界大战

第一次世界期间,西欧作家分裂为挺战和反战两大阵营,成为民族主义和世界公民的思想分歧之所在.血腥的战争使作家们认清了自己的神圣使命和职责:捍卫自由、民主、和平和永恒的人道主义.     

《紫色》的叙述模式探析

美国当代黑人女作家艾丽丝·沃克的《紫色》是一部长篇书信体小说,沃克运用了双重聚集、复调技巧和自由直接引语的独特叙述模式揭示了黑人的精神世界及白人与黑人的异同,充分体现了她强烈的黑人民族思想和对民族团结的坚定信念。     

坚守、困惑与混杂——“十七年”时期丁玲创作思想的矛盾性特征

“十七年”时期丁玲的创作思想充满了矛盾与混杂:在理论层面上她仍然强调和重视人的个性、人性和生活的复杂性对文学创作的重要性,但在具体操作层面上,她仍然不能避免主题先行、以先验思想决定人物刻画的弊病;在创作本能层面上,她重视对人和生活的熟悉与体验,强调作家要写自己熟悉的生活和人物,质疑对题材和生活的等级划分,但在理性认知层面上,她又主张作家要争取下去生活,改造自己的思想.通过对丁玲创作思想的个案分析,可以反映出一个时代不同文学理念的纠结与博弈过程.     

文学需要怎样的思想——从新世纪“文学与思想”的论争谈起

"文学与思想"的论争,在新世纪文坛方兴未艾。文学所需的思想,既应复杂而深广,又应独特而新颖,更需经过审美转化:复杂与深广,要求作家不断深入挖掘题材;而独特与新颖,则要求作家形成个性化的社会人生感悟,对既定思想保持必要质疑;至于审美转化,则要求作家努力促成思想的情感化、形象化和形式化。     

论元末明初越派与吴派的文学思想

元末明初的越派和吴派是最有影响的两个学派流,其学思想代表和指导着这一时期学发展的主要流向。吴派作家主张学远离政治,强调发乎性情的自由创作。这一思想既表现了对学本体的关注,又反映出身处乱世的知识分子逃避现实,独善其身的生活态度。而越派作则与之相反,主张学为社会政治服务,强调学的社会功能。这一思想既反映了元末明初知识分子希望恢复儒家学传统、重建土人形象、积极参与社会政治的普遍要求,同时也是对宋元以来的学思想作了一次全面的总结。但学与政治的联姻又使得越派的学思想出现了他们自己也无法控制的理论倾斜和实践危害。如果说吴派作家的悲剧命运宣告了学自由主义的破产,那么,越派作家对社会政治的关注又最终失去了学自身的价值。这种学思想上的悖论恰好构成了元末明衩学递嬗的特色。     

两个囹圄中的灵魂——试比较《黄色糊墙纸》中的疯女人与《雷雨》中的繁漪

利用福柯的视角,从权力、知识和精神病这几个主题方面来比较<黄色糊墙纸>和<雷雨>中女主人公的相似遭遇.她们都是精神"有病"的女性,虽然衣食无忧,但都身处囹圄,精神上极端不自由.常年的压抑与桎梏使得她们逐渐失去理智,最终疯癫.不同时代不同国度的两位作家以不同的方式讲述了两个疯女人的故事,揭示了女性在男权压迫下的悲剧命运,以及她们对自由的向往.     

论“杂糅”文化进程中的女性反抗之路——从后殖民理论看《芒果街上的小屋》

《芒果街上的小屋》被誉为美国当代成长小说的经典之一。作家桑德拉.西斯内罗斯借助主人公埃斯佩朗莎之口描述了众多墨西哥裔女性人物。本文借助后殖民理论对这些女性形象进行分析,指出她们在父权和种族双重压迫下采取了不同反抗方式导致其结果各不相同。埃斯佩朗莎在斗争中遭受的伤痛和失望并不少,但她一直抱有一颗坚忍顽强、满怀希望的真心,她对生活进行了深刻反思,最后借助书写创造出属于自己的空间,走上自由之路。     

劳伦斯长篇小说中矿区空间建构体现的生态思想

劳伦斯一生钟爱自然,向往自然古朴的生活。他的小说、诗歌、散文等许多作品都闪烁着生态思想的光芒。本文从文学地理学批评的角度对作家的几部重要的小说进行重新解读,从作品中建构的矿区空间出发,解释作家热爱自然厌恶工业文明的原因,阐述作家主要的生态思想。     

后殖民女性主义视角下解读《芒果街上的小屋》

桑德拉·希斯内罗丝是墨西哥裔美国作家,同时也是美国著名的女性主义思想作家,《芒果街上的小屋》是她的代表作品。埃斯佩郎莎是小说中塑造的主人公,小说主要就是介绍埃斯佩朗莎在芒果街上的见闻和所想,表达出了作者对平等和自由的向往。     

《寂静的春天》引发对生态文学的思考

美国海洋生物学家和作家蕾切尔·卡森的《寂静的春天》不仅是她生态文学和生态伦理学的代表作,也是世界环境丛书的经典。在书中,她强调自然独立于人类的内在价值,抨击征服自然、改造自然的观念,反对为了经济利益对自然进行过度掠夺,批判一味追求物质主义而放弃生活质量的社会流俗,她希望实现文明与荒野的平衡,追求在自然中的自我实现。正因为如此,卡逊被称为“现代环保之母”,本文分析了卡森的写作特色,探讨了卡森的深层生态学思想以及她的生态哲学观对世界环境运动的影响。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.