海洋生物防污损活性的研究进展

随着海洋生物资源的不断开发和利用,海洋生物污损及海洋生物防污损活性已经成为研究的热点.本文介绍了海洋生物污损及海洋生物防污活性的研究进展,并对其应用前景及存在问题进行了展望.     

海洋生物黏附力简易测试装置

测量海洋生物的黏附力可以为海洋污损生物防除、研发防水黏结剂和抗黏附材料提供重要的参考意义。但是目前还没有测量活体生物黏附力的成本低廉的实验设备。该文设计一套通过准静态加载测量海洋污损生物黏附力的简易实验台。本实验台操作简单、成本低廉,能够完成多种海洋生物黏附力测试且易于推广到其他力学实验教学。     

由高校图书馆图书污损现象引发的思考

文章揭示了图书馆图书的污损形式,分析了出现污损的原因,并给出了防止图书污损现象发生的相应措施。     

高校图书馆书刊污损状况及对策--由一次污损书刊展览引发的思考

本由一次书刊污损展览引发思考，分析了高校图书馆书刊污损的类型，并出了解决书刊污损问题的办法。     

高校图书馆外借图书污损丢失及防治措施

高校图书馆外借图书污损丢失及防治措施张瑞英图书馆的各种借阅活动中,图书外借最活跃,流通量最大,是图书馆经常接触读者,了解读者的窗口。笔者在图书外借工作中,对图书污损、丢失情况进行了调查研究。调查发现,近些年来,我馆藏书污损丢失现象较前些年严重得多,给...     

论我国环境污损司法鉴定机构的革新与完善

近年来,环境犯罪日益引起公众的高度关注。环境污损鉴定是环境犯罪定损、立案和科刑的关键环节,但现行环境污损司法鉴定制度缺陷较多,在很大程度上对环境犯罪的打击不力。我国应建构一种由政府财政支持,具有公益性质的,并由同一行业领域内的非政府组织负责管理的环境污损鉴定机构,以更高效、准确地打击环境犯罪,保护公众的安全。     

我院图书馆书刊污损、损毁、偷窃现象的调查分析及对策

用调查统计的方法,分析目前我院图书馆书刊污损、损毁及偷窃的种种原因,并制定相应措施遏制或减少此类现象的发生。     

从馆员与读者矛盾冲突看新生入馆教育的重要性——以处罚图书污损行为为例

图书污损现象是图书馆最常见的读者违规行为,处罚图书污损行为则是引发流通部馆员与读者矛盾冲突的主要原因,重视新生入馆教育工作是减少馆员与读者矛盾冲突的必要措施。     

牡蛎附着行为的研究及其应用

牡蛎的附着行为在培育优良牡蛎幼苗、附着生物生态系统、污损防治方面都产生重要影响。研究牡蛎的附着行为并探讨其对育苗、生态系统和污损防护的影响,将有利于人们更好的开发牡蛎的应用价值。本文综述了近年来科研人员在牡蛎附着行为的研究和应用方面开展的工作,并对未来各领域牡蛎附着行为的研究形势进行了展望。     

《海洋生物》教学设计

教学目标《海洋生物》属于三年级下册第三单元《生物大家族》中的内容。本课旨在通过一系列活动的教学,让学生深入研究海洋生物的生活习性,以及环境对生物习性的影响。教材以海洋生物的形态结构及其生活习性与环境相适应的特点为重点。本课教学目标如下:1.能够通过查阅书刊及其他信息源,搜集有关海洋及海洋生物的信息,能通过交流与观察分析探究海洋生物与海洋环境的适应性特征。2.了解各种各样的海洋生物,了解更多的海洋生物在形态方面适应环境的具体实例,了解环境对生物生长、生活习性等多方面的影响。3.感受海洋世界的多样性,欣赏各种美丽…     

聚丙烯微孔膜表面的气体等离子体改性

采用空气等离子体对聚丙烯微孔膜进行表面改性,用X射线光电子能谱,扫描电镜表征膜表面形态和微观结构的变化。考察了改性膜的水接触角、水通量以及在浸没式膜-生物反应器中的动态抗污染性能力。结果表明,改性后聚丙烯微孔膜的水接触角从100°减小到40°,膜的水通量提高,污染率下降。改性后聚丙烯微孔膜的亲水性和抗污染能力得到较大提高。     

Automatic separation system for marine meiobenthos based on laser-induced fluorescence technology

An automatic system for marine meiobenthos separation was developed by using laser-induced fluorescence technology. Rose Bengal was used as organism dye and the spectrums of Rose Bengal were measured. Laser-induced fluoresce ncesystem was established to detect marine meiobenthos in sediments. Data obtained from experiments were analyzed by using a mathematical model. The results showed that laser-induced fluorescence technology worked well in the system. The system could select the meiobenthos efficiently and precisely.     

海产贝类体内多溴联苯醚污染状况及风险

多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）是一类具有生态风险性的新型持久性有机污染物,各种生物体和非生物体都检测到不同浓度的PBDEs,已经引起广泛关注。概述了PBDEs在海产贝类体内的的污染情况,分析了其时空分布变化趋势,详细阐述人体通过饮食摄入PBDEs的情况及其对人体健康的影响。     

磷脂微管的制备及显微观察

以改性磷脂联乙炔基甘油磷脂酰乙二醇为原料,用分子自组装方法制备了脂类微管,并对其结构进行了显微分析。研究表明,微管的形成与分子的手性有关。SEM和TEM结果显示,自组装微管的生成率很高,外观呈弯曲螺状结构,具有很高的长径比,平均长度为380μm,平均直径为110 nm;脂类微管可用作载体包埋海洋防污剂或药物,控制它们的释放,可望用于新型功能材料的开发。     

Implications of membrane fouling toward the removal of the pharmaceutical sulfamethoxazole by nanofiltration processes

The influence of membrane fouling on the retention of the trace organic contaminant sulfamethoxazole by a nanofiltration (NF) process was investigated. Organic fouling caused a severe flux decline possibly due to pore blocking and adsorption directly after the commencement of the fouling layer development. Such membrane-foulant interactions were absent for colloidal fouling, which resulted in a more gradual flux decline. Membrane charge played a significant role in the separation process of inorganic salts, where the retention was the highest in a caustic environment (high pH) due to more swollen membrane material caused by the higher negative charge on the membrane. Organic fouling and a combination of colloidal and organic fouling led to a significant increase in the membrane negative charge. The influence of membrane fouling on solute retention was dependent on the fouling behaviour and the physicochemical properties of the model foulants, where the model foulants probably contributed to an increase in the retention of charged solutes due to enhanced electrostatic interactions. Organic fouling caused an increase in the retention of inorganic salts and sulfamethoxazole due to pore blocking. In contrast, colloidal fouling caused a decrease in the retention of inorganic salts due to cake-enhanced concentration polarisation. However, the presence of a colloidal fouling layer did not reduce the retention of sulfamethoxazole. A mixture of colloidal and organic matter improved the retention of inorganic salts. A similar conclusion can be inferred for sulfamethoxazole at pH 4 when the compound exists in a neutral form.     

颗粒填料复合式膜生物反应器（HMBR）技术研究

膜污染是制约膜生物反应器（MBR）工程化应用的瓶颈。针对现有MBR存在的缺点,本文提出了新型的颗粒填料复合式膜生物反应器（HMBR）,并介绍了HMBR在工业废水处理中的应用。通过分析悬浮颗粒物在膜表面的沉积条件,从流体力学、微生物学、水处理工艺学、亚微观动力学等方面对HMBR的性能和特点进行了详细阐述,表明颗粒填料可以有效地减缓膜污染和提高膜生物反应器过滤性能。     

Questions as indicators of ocean literacy: students’ online asynchronous discussion with a marine scientist

ABSTRACT

In this article, 61 high-school students learned about ocean acidification through a virtual laboratory followed by a virtual lecture and an asynchronous discussion with a marine scientist on an online platform: VoiceThread. This study focuses on the students’ development of ocean literacy when prompted to ask questions to the scientist. The students’ questions were thematically analysed to assess (1) the kind of reasoning that can be discerned as premises of the students’ questions and (2) what possibilities for enhancing ocean literacy emerge in this instructional activity. The results show how interacting with a scientist gives the students an entry point to the world of natural sciences with its complexity, uncertainty and choices that go beyond the idealised form in which natural sciences often are presented in school. This activity offers an affordable way of bringing marine science to school by providing extensive expertise from a marine scientist. Students get a chance to mobilise their pre-existing knowledge in the field of marine science. The holistic expertise of the marine scientist allows students to explore and reason around a very wide range of ideas and aspect of natural sciences that goes beyond the range offered by the school settings.     

MTBE精制塔冷凝器结垢分析与防垢设计

MTBE(甲基叔丁基醚)与异丁烯联合生产装置中的MTBE精制塔冷凝器换热管容易结垢,影响精制塔的操作.防止凝器换热管结垢是该装置面临的一大难题.本文分析了冷凝器结垢的原因,通过理论计算及试验,设计出一种防止换热管结垢的冷凝器.     

生态风险评估在环境管理中的应用

生态风险评估(Ecological Risk Assessment,ERA)是评价人类活动对生态系统中生物可能构成的危害效应.从生物体和种群、群落和生态系统、区域和景观不同水平综述了生态风险研究现状,在此基础上阐述了问题表述、风险分析、风险表征到风险交流与管理的生态风险评估管理框架,展望了生态风险评估在环境管理中应用前景.