中国猕猴桃属植物叶表皮毛微形态特征及数量分类分析

选取国产猕猴桃35个分类群的代表植株,应用光学显微镜对其新鲜叶表皮毛的微形态特征、形体大小、细胞结构、分布和密度等多态性状和数量性状进行了观察和测量。该属植物的叶表皮毛微形态特征可归纳为6个类型：1)单细胞毛;2)单列多细胞毛,包括线形单列毛、泡状单列毛、扭曲毛、直壁单列毛、曲壁单列毛;3)多列渐尖毛和急尖毛,包括多列曲壁渐尖毛和急尖毛、多列直壁渐尖毛和急尖毛; 4)多列粗毛,包括柱状毛、多列渐尖粗毛、多列急尖粗毛;5)星状毛,包括薄壁星状毛、厚壁星状毛(分正常状况和莲座毛、盾形星状毛、叠生星状毛等特殊状况);6)二歧分枝毛。在此基础上,建立了数据矩阵,并选择猕猴桃科藤山柳lematoclethra lasioclada作为外类群,应用Wagner法和UPGMA聚类法对中国猕猴桃属植物进行了分支分析和表征分析。分支分析结果表明：梁畴芬在1984年发表的分类系统中的净果组为单系类群,而其它3个组(斑果组、糙毛组和星毛组)均不构成单系类群。表征分析反映了猕猴桃属分类群间的表征亲缘关系,特别是反映了中华猕猴桃与美味猕猴桃两个物种间关系较近,而与硬齿猕猴桃两个变种间的关系较远。叶表皮毛微形态特征及数量分类分析方法对研究猕猴桃属植物的系统发育关系和亲缘关系具有重要的意义。     

中国栎属花粉形态研究

 本文利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对我国栎属Quercus 30多种花粉进行比较深入的研  究,试图通过花粉形态的研究为栎属的植物分类和化石鉴定提供参考依据。     

三棱栎属分类的孢粉学证据

壳斗科三棱栎属Trigonobalanus Forman含3种,即:三棱栎T．doichangensis,南美三棱栎T．excelsa,轮叶三棱栎T．verticillata。通过用光学显徽镜、扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微系统及透射电子显微镜对3个种的花粉进行观察并比较分析,确认它们分别属于显然不同的3个类型:(A)花粉粒为扁球形,赤道面观宽椭圆形,极面观钝三角形;孔在角上,内孔具明显的孔室,孔缘加厚;外壁覆盖层无穿孔,孔区外壁-2(从化学分层)特厚;表面具疣波状纹饰。三棱栎为此类型。(B)花粉粒为长球形,赤道面观长椭圆形,极面观近三角形或三瓣形;萌发孔多为3拟孔沟(-3沟),位于三角形的边上;外壁覆盖层具穿孔,表面具粗瘤(疣)状纹饰。南美三棱栎为此类型。(C)花粉粒近球形、赤道面观近圆形,极面观3裂圆形,3孔沟在边上;覆盖层具穿孔;表面具小瘤和蠕虫状短条纹饰。轮叶三棱栎为此类型。以上3个种的花粉粒形状、萌发孔、外壁结构、表面纹饰等特征,特别是萌发孔特征、类型及位置,在壳斗科的花粉形态中表现出较大差异,越出了种间的区别,故笔者认为K．C. Nixon和W．L. Crepet将3个种分立为3个单型属是自然合理的,即:Formanodendren(F．doichangensis(Camus)Nixon et Crepet), Colombobalanus(C. excelsa(G．Lozano,J．Hdz-C．et J．Henao)Nixon et Crepet),Trigonobalanus(T．verticillata Forman)。     

中国青冈属花粉形态及其与栎属的关系

经研究结果表明,青冈属Cyclobalanopsis与常绿栎类花粉形态特征基本上是一致的,  如花粉的形状和大小,萌发孔的类型以及外壁的结构均很相似。作者支持将青冈属归入栎属,  作为属下等级,即青冈亚属(Subg.Cyclobalanopsis)的分类处理。     

三棱栎的花粉形态及其分类位置

本文就壳斗科三棱栎属Trigonobalanus Forman在我国的新分布——三棱栎T．doicha-ngensis 的花粉作了光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜观察。从花粉的形状、萌发孔类型及外壁结构看,三棱栎与本科其余各属均不同,在壳斗科中确属一个独特类型。     

千奇百怪的动物皮毛

生物的进化真了不起,让生物的器官发展到极致。南身体派生出来的覆盖物具有最为复杂的颜色和结构,如飞蛾的薄翼,爬行动物的角质鳞片,鸟羽和兽皮．它们不仅能让身体免遭周围环境的损伤,而且还在性命攸关的危急时刻发挥重要作用。     

北方狩猎鄂伦春民族的皮毛装饰工艺

以鄂伦春民族为主线,展示了皮毛艺术及皮毛装饰工艺的渊源和发展。     

中国茄科天仙子亚族的花粉形态研究

本文作者对国产茄科天仙子亚族6个属、12种植物的花粉,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了它们外壁雕纹、萌发孔的类型以及外壁层次的结构。  本亚族花粉以无萌发孔和三孔沟类型为主,其次为三沟和拟沟类型。根据花粉资料,表明花粉形态特征对于论证该亚族内属的界限和属间系统发育的关系,可以提供重要的依据。     

黑龙江省栎林种类和生态习性的探讨

主要对黑龙江省的栎林及其生活特征进行了介绍,并且把黑龙江省的主要的栎林类型分别做以简要的介绍。目的是让人们更加了解黑龙江的栎林,以便给对栎林感兴趣的有识之士做以参考。     

中国罗汉松科花粉形态研究

本文用光学显微镜,结合扫描电镜和透射电镜对我国罗汉松科podocarpaceae植物花粉外壁的细微结构做了深入的研究,对比了我国仅有的两属花粉的形态特征,同时与形态上相似的松科花粉进行了比较,指出了它们之间的区别。     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate (inscribe) the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Systems Biology Research of Photosynthesis for Greater Crop Yields

<正>Offi cially set up in 2008 by Dr.ZHU Xinguang at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology,the Plant Systems Biology Group focuses on systems biology research of photosynthesis with the goal of improving photosynthetic effi ciency for greater crop yields.The group at MPG in cooperation with this team is the Systems Regulation Department led by Prof.Mark Stitt at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology.