HIV/AIDS and nutrition: a bibliometric analysis

Diet and nutrition are directly involved in patient care protocols that reflect a shift in the treatment of HIV/AIDS as a chronic disease, with an emphasis on quality of life and expanded life trajectory. Research concerning HIV/AIDS and nutrition is multidisciplinary, yielding study results that appear in a wide variety of scholarly journals. The purpose of this research was to employ bibliometric techniques to evaluate the body of literature specific to HIV/AIDS and nutrition as well as to determine content overlap among major bibliographic citation databases.     

AIDS in Haiti: a bibliometric analysis

OBJECTIVES: In Haiti, AIDS has become the leading cause of death in sexually active adults. Increasingly, AIDS has become a disease of women and children. Previous bibliometric studies have shown the emergence of Haiti as a leading country in the production of AIDS literature in the Latin American and Caribbean regions. No information exists, however, regarding the type of publications produced, the collaboration patterns used, or the subject content analysis of this production. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the construction of this literature production. METHODS: A bibliometric analysis regarding Haitian AIDS research was conducted in the AIDSLINE database for the period 1980 to 1998. An attempt was made to identify the patterns of the growth in AIDS literature, as well as the types of documents published, authorship, institutional affiliations of authors, and subject content. RESULTS: Results indicated that most documents were published in periodicals. The International Conference on AIDS obtained the highest frequency. The United States, Haiti, and Canada were the main productive countries. CONCLUSIONS: While nearly 40% of the records corresponded to ethnology-related articles, HIV infections, sex behavior, pregnancy, and substance-related disorders headed the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) found. Main aspects of AIDS papers focused on epidemiology, complications, and trends issues.     

Evolution in the body of HIV nursing knowledge

The role nurses occupy in the care of the HIV/AIDS affected has evolved over time. This evolution is exhibited in the body of nursing knowledge and is recorded in the published literature. The purpose of this study was to describe landmarks in the evolution of nursing's involvement in the provision of care to HIV/AIDS patients and to examine the body of nursing knowledge relative to HIV/AIDS, employing bibliometric analytic techniques. It was expected that the literature would grow in both breadth and depth concurrent with nursing's increased role in caring for those infected, or at risk for infection, with HIV.     

Visual research in LIS: Complementary and alternative methods

Although visual methods are emerging as a valuable and versatile tool in qualitative social studies research, confusion around terminology, options, and best practices persists. Consequently, LIS scholars who wish to employ innovative visual approaches in their research face barriers to discovering and deciding which visual options best suit their goals. Based on a review of the literature, this article identifies and describes the scope of participatory and non-participatory visual methods currently in use in the social sciences, with particular attention paid to LIS contexts. While visual methods bring clear benefits to qualitative research in terms of data quality, modes of expression, and alternate perspectives, challenges remain, including logistic issues of implementing visual study designs and ethical considerations.     

Sex differences in communication and the construction of HIV/AIDS

This paper reports analyses of sex differences in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to HIV/AIDS and communication about HIV I'AIDS in the heterosexual college population. Men and women differed in their assessments of risk to HIV infection for various behaviors; in each case women perceived greater risk. Women were more favorable than men regarding talking about AIDS and attitudes about condom use. Men reported a greater number of sexual partners for the previous five years than did women. Men, more often than women, appear to have changed their behavior in a direction of greater risk. Only two sex differences were found for prevention‐related behaviors. First, men more often reported having purchased a condom. However, no sex differences were found for actual condom use. Second, as reported in previous studies, women were more likely to engage in AIDS‐related talk with a sexual partner. Because of their many differences, men and women need to be targeted as separate audiences for HIV/AIDS prevention. Further, because women have emerged as the most rapidly growing group at risk for HIV infection and because women appear to be more willing than men to implement HIV/AIDS prevention in their relationships, they should be considered a primary audience for HIV/AIDS‐prevention programs designed for influencing the behavior of heterosexual couples.     

Graph-based data mining: A new tool for the analysis and comparison of scientific domains represented as scientograms

The creation of some kind of representations depicting the current state of Science (or scientograms) is an established and beaten track for many years now. However, if we are concerned with the automatic comparison, analysis and understanding of a set of scientograms, showing for instance the evolution of a scientific domain or a face-to-face comparison of several countries, the task is titanically complex as the amount of data to analyze becomes huge and complex. In this paper, we aim to show that graph-based data mining tools are useful to deal with scientogram analysis. Subdue, the first algorithm proposed in the graph mining area, has been chosen for this purpose. This algorithm has been customized to deal with three different scientogram analysis tasks regarding the evolution of a scientific domain over time, the extraction of the common research categories substructures in the world, and the comparison of scientific domains between different countries. The outcomes obtained in the developed experiments have clearly demonstrated the potential of graph mining tools in scientogram analysis.     

Fifteen years of e-government research in Ibero-America: A bibliometric analysis

In this article it is presented a bibliometric analysis of e-government research in the Ibero-American (IA) Community. Data from the Scopus® database relating to 1129 research documents published between 2003 and 2017 was used. Presented analyzes include the most productive and impacting researchers, institutions and countries; determinants for country results; most relevant subject areas and specific research themes; and international cooperation patterns, namely within the IA Community. Contrary to what happens worldwide, e-government research production is still rising in IA. Besides the general heterogeneity, there are four relatively homogenous groups of countries to what concerns production and impact: leading, evolving, emerging, and expectant countries. IA has distinctive characteristics that make it interesting as an object of study and that constitute an opportunity for further development. Nevertheless, for results to continue to evolve, it is relevant that public policies related to e-government development and the promotion of research continue to be developed and that cooperation among IA researchers is properly promoted and supported.     

Insights into the diffusion of HIV/AIDS information in higher education institutions in South Africa

According to the UNAIDS [(1999). Young people and HIV/AIDS. UNAIDS Briefing Paper. Geneva: UNAIDS] report it is widely agreed that in the absence of a cure, only preventative measures brought about by education and customized information exchanges can mitigate the impacts of the disease. The purpose of the study was to review the framework, nature and scope of HIV/AIDS information communication strategies employed by higher education institutions in South Africa. Both qualitative and quantitative research design and methodologies were employed largely through survey, observation and document analysis. The findings reveal that firstly, HIV/AIDS information is provided through a variety of communication tools, channels and strategies. Secondly, in most instances, HIV/AIDS messages are not context appropriate and are unsuitable for academic constituencies most of whom are knowledgeable about the disease. Thirdly, there is a lack of synergy in dealing with HIV/AIDS in the higher education sector in South Africa. Other hidden issues involved in the communication of HIV/AIDS information have been highlighted. Lastly, an institutional framework appropriate for inter-institutional exchanges of HIV/AIDS information is suggested.     

The use of percentiles and percentile rank classes in the analysis of bibliometric data: Opportunities and limits

Percentiles have been established in bibliometrics as an important alternative to mean-based indicators for obtaining a normalized citation impact of publications. Percentiles have a number of advantages over standard bibliometric indicators used frequently: for example, their calculation is not based on the arithmetic mean which should not be used for skewed bibliometric data. This study describes the opportunities and limits and the advantages and disadvantages of using percentiles in bibliometrics. We also address problems in the calculation of percentiles and percentile rank classes for which there is not (yet) a satisfactory solution. It will be hard to compare the results of different percentile-based studies with each other unless it is clear that the studies were done with the same choices for percentile calculation and rank assignment.     

Regularity in the research output of individual scientists: An empirical analysis by recent bibliometric tools

This paper proposes an empirical analysis of several scientists based on their time regularity, defined as the ability of generating an active and stable research output over time, in terms of both quantity/publications and impact/citations. In particular, we empirically analyse three recent bibliometric tools to perform qualitative/quantitative evaluations under the new perspective of regularity. These tools are respectively (1) the PY/CY diagram, (2) the publication/citation Ferrers diagram and triad indicators, and (3) a year-by-year comparison of the scientists’ output (Borda's ranking). Results of the regularity analysis are then compared with those obtained under the classical perspective of overall production.The proposed evaluation tools can be applied to competitive examinations for research position/promotion, as complementary instruments to the commonly adopted bibliometric techniques.     

HIV/AIDS and Subaltern Autonomous Rationality: A Call to Recenter Health Communication in Marginalized Sex Worker Spaces

Sex workers in India constitute a marginalized population. They are considered at high risk of HIV/AIDS and are stigmatized for “selling sex” in a culture that generally censures sex outside marriage. HIV/AIDS initiatives targeted at this population have mostly adhered to promoting condom use, increasing awareness, and encouraging blood tests to screen for HIV/AIDS. Missing from this discourse are voices of sex workers and their autonomous consciousness. Based on an analysis of interview data from an eight-week field project, this paper seeks to centralize sex worker subaltern rationality in a call to reframe expert-led HIV/AIDS communication efforts that cater to sex worker communities.     

整合生物医学信息,构建性病艾滋病综合信息网络数据库

作者拟利用互联网信息整合系统 ( Internet Information Integration System,3 I)从 Internet上遴选、下载、收集各种有价值的性病艾滋病信息 ,经过自动分类、过滤、排重和知识网络构建等智能化的处理整合后 ,建立性病艾滋病综合信息资源网络数据库并为用户提供检索服务 ,也可以个性化的形式提供给用户。     

A negative trend of biomedical research in Libya: a bibliometric study

Background: It is well established that Libya is lagging behind its peers in biomedical research. The aim of this study is to analyse all the original biomedical publications affiliated with Libya from 1973 to 2007. Methods: PubMed and the Science Citation Index Expanded were searched for ‘original research’ biomedical studies affiliated with Libya. The generated data were hand searched and 329 ‘original research’ studies were included in the analysis. Results: The first study was published in 1973. Publication rate peaked to an average of 15.2 studies per year during 1986–1996 and dropped to an average of 8.8 studies per year during 1997–2007. Of 166 first authors; 41% were Libyans and 59% were expatriates. The latter contributed 104 studies between 1986 and 1996 and 36 studies between 1997 and 2007, while the Libyans contributed 63 and 61 studies in the two respective periods. Authors affiliated with Benghazi produced 67% of the published studies, while authors from Tripoli produced 30% and other medical schools, hospitals and research centres from other Libyan cities produced only 3%. Conclusion: This study showed a decline in biomedical research publication in Libya. We propose that the lack of a research culture among the Libyan medical professionals is one of the factors contributing to this decline, which coincided with the departure of expatriate doctors from Libya. Raising awareness of the importance of research and improving research skills among Libyan medical professionals may help to reverse the current trend.     

Communication in the management of uncertainty: The case of persons living with HIV or AIDS

Communication is a means of managing uncertainty. In a state of uncertainty: (a) information seeking can reduce uncertainty by allowing for better discrimination between or among alternatives; (b) information seeking can increase uncertainty by increasing the number of alternatives, or by blurring the distinction between or among alternatives; and (c) information avoidance can maintain uncertainty. Individuals living with HIV or AIDS, like many other chronically‐ill or terminally‐ill individuals, must manage high levels of uncertainty about their illness. Participants in a focus group study of persons with HIV or AIDS reported effective uncertainty management, including managing uncertainty that was challenging, managing uncertainty that was essential for maintaining hope, learning to live with chronic uncertainty, and managing information problems. New information can serve uncertainty management even if it fails to reduce the number or ambiguity of alternatives, because new information can invite a reappraisal of uncertainty. A theory of uncertainty management based on these findings is offered.     

Trend and patterns in explicit organizational knowledge: A correspondence analysis and cluster analysis

To study the explicit organizational knowledge pattern of an education and research institute is a tedious process as it deals with multiple subjects. Also, many qualitative and quantitative indicators such as peer review process, awards and honors received by the constitute members of the institute, national and international grants, and different types of publications can be considered to study the pattern followed in different disciplines over a period of time. Not all of these indicators will be giving the same message, and the choice of which one to select will depend on the type of research being evaluated. In this study to analyze explicit organizational knowledge, publications of Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in different disciplines over a span of 10 years from 1996 to 2005 are considered as given in the multidisciplinary database SCOPUS using correspondence analysis and cluster analysis.According to correspondence analysis, the study indicated that publication productivity of IISc is on the rise during the study period and research in Engineering, Agriculture & Biological science, Chemistry and Life sciences is high. Although a cluster analysis is carried out to find out demarcations between row elements and column elements, no useful interpretation could be drawn.However, this analysis has to be carried out further, by factoring indicators from research input as well as other socio-economic political, and cultural factors affecting the explicit organizational knowledge. Correspondence analysis and cluster analysis highlights what is interesting, and indicates the direction in which further inquiry should be done.     

Characteristic scores and scales: A bibliometric analysis of subject characteristics based on long-term citation observation

In an earlier paper by Glänzel and Schubert [Glänzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1988a). Characteristic scores and scales in assessing citation impact. Journal of Information Science, 14(2), 123–127; Glänzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1988b). Theoretical and empirical studies of the tail of scientometric distributions. In L. Egghe, & R. Rousseau (Eds.), Informetrics: Vols. 87/88, (pp. 75–83). Elsevier Science Publisher B.V.], a method for classifying ranked observations into self-adjusting categories was developed. This parameter-free method, which was called method of characteristic scores and scales, is independent of any particular bibliometric law. The objective of the present study is twofold. In the theoretical part, the analysis of its properties for the general form of the Pareto distribution will be extended and deepened; in the empirical part the citation history of individual scientific disciplines will be studied. The chosen citation window of 21 years makes it possible to analyse dynamic aspects of the method, and proves sufficiently large to also obtain stable patterns for each of the disciplines. The theoretical findings are supplemented by regularities derived from the long-term observations.     

The nominating convention as purveyor of political medicine: An anecdotal analysis of the democrats and republicans of 1984

This paper employs the Burkean notion of sociological criticism as a means of studying the discourse associated with the 1984 national nominating conventions. Through the use of the “mirroring” anecdote the findings indicate that the two parties organized narratives that followed distinct assessments of political reality as the Democrats told a story following a “fear and fairness” theme while the Republicans relied on a “prosperity and patriotism” theme.     

知识共享中的沟通障碍分析

本文介绍了沟通的涵义及其基本模式,从知识提供者、知识接收者、沟通双方个体因素、信任、沟通方式、知识地图、组织因素以及信息技术等方面分析了组织内知识共享中的沟通障碍以及产生的原因。