对金观涛就《继承与叛逆》所作评论的回应

拙作《继承与叛逆：现代科学为何出现于西方》出版以来,蒙多份报章作介绍和论述,但迄今为止所见最详细和深入的评论,当推金观涛兄大文《“自然哲学”和科学的观念：从〈继承与叛逆：现代科学为何出现于西方〉谈起》（以下简称（《评论》）。对一本书的作者而言,这样的评论可谓丰厚馈赠和最大支持了,我在此对观涛兄表示衷心感谢,并就他所提意见作出回应。     

On the robustness of Riccati flows to complete model misspecification

Consider the continuous-time matrix Riccati operator Ricc$\left(Q\right)=AQ+Q{A}^{\prime }?QSQ+R$. In this work, we consider the robustness of this operator to direct perturbations of the matrices (A, R, S) and, in particular, the flow robustness of the corresponding Riccati differential equation. For a given class of perturbation, we show that the corresponding differential equation is well defined in the sense it is bounded above and below, it has a well-defined fixed point, and it converges to this fixed point exponentially fast. Moreover, the flow of the perturbed Riccati flow is close to the nominal Riccati flow when the perturbation is small; i.e. we prove a continuity-type condition in the size of the perturbation.     

ICT and an NGO: Difficulties in attempting to be extremely transparent

This paper analyzes the opportunities offered by information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the related ethical issues, within the transparency practices of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Based upon a one-year study of a European NGO, the Italian Association of Blind People, it presents compelling empirical evidence concerning the main ethical, social and economic challenges that NGOs face in the development of more transparent relationships with the public and the related role of ICTs, in particular, the organization’s website. This study shows that, although the attempt to be completely transparent has great ethical value, ICT-enabled information disclosure is limited by privacy and security concerns and by pressure from financial supporters and benefactors and potential NGO competitors who vie for grants and donations. The paper provides some implications and suggestions for managers of NGOs and policy makers.     

Foreign patent flows to and from the United Kingdom

A substantial part of the stock of technological knowhow in any given country is determined by foreign companies. Flows of technology are reflected in part by the international pattern of patenting behaviour. This paper examines both the patent applications in the UK by foreign countries and UK patent applications abroad. It concludes that each country is exposed to a subset of world-wide technology determined by the profitability of transfer of new knowhow. Profitability is affected by the size of potential supply of new inventions in donor countries, by the attractiveness of markets for knowhow in recipient countries and by the costs of transfer.     

Responses of East Asia Monsoon Climate-ecosystems to Global Changes

Hosted/Sponsored by: Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics     

A New Mechanism to Curb Over-reactive Immune Responses

The human immune system is a truly amazing constellation of responses to attacks from the outside. It could defend you against millions of bacteria, microbes, viruses, toxins and parasites that would invade your body. However, there are cases where the immune response to innocuous substances is inappropriate and over-reactive, leading to diseases such as allergies and arthritis.     

现有企业应对突破性技术变革的能力重构研究

积极应对突破性技术变革是现有企业得以持续发展的时代要求.从突破性技术的本质特征出发,分析能力重构的基本内涵及实现机制,从企业能力的层面回答了如何应对突破性技术挑战的问题.通过对机制选择的动因及结果的分析,进一步揭示了现有企业间的差异性.     

加拿大大学对国家创新战略的回应及其启示

在知识经济时代,世界符囤都不约而同地领悟到创新对促进经济持续发展的重要作用.本文先介绍加拿大国家创新战略和加拿大大学围绕创新战略做出的积极回应,提出了一些值得思考的问题.     

高寒植物长鞭红景天抗氧化系统对季节性极端低温环境的应答机制

本研究旨在探索高寒植物长鞭红景天抗氧化系统对季节性极端低温环境的应答机制,通过西藏色季拉山长鞭红景天的膜脂过氧化水平和抗氧化系统对季节性气温的响应进行追踪研究,结果得到,长鞭红景天在生长期内膜脂过氧化水平指标(MDA的含量)和抗氧化系统指标(SOD、POD和CAT的活性以及AsA的含量)均达极显著水平,即P0.01,而且各项指标与季节性温度存在一定正或负相关性,但三种抗氧化酶都表现出不同程度的滞后现象。研究结果表明,在生长期内季节性气温对长鞭红景天膜脂过氧化水平和抗氧化系统都产生了极显著的影响,同时也表明长鞭红景天抗氧化系统通过各种抗氧化酶之间以及与抗氧化剂之间相互补偿的机制度过低温不良环境,这套积极、有效的适应机制很可能是长鞭红景天对极端低温环境经过长期的自然选择和适应而建立的。     

A social network scorecard to monitor knowledge flows across communication media

This paper describes the application of a scorecard, based on social network analysis, to monitor the evolution of knowledge flows. This scorecard helps organizations to identify new ways to optimize knowledge flows by combining communication media that match their working environments. Three case studies were conducted: one within an Italian Research Centre, and two within U.S.-based Research and Education Centres. The interactions of members of these business communities were observed by monitoring multiple communication media over time. This is a departure from the common practice of using only e-mail communications to describe social networks. The goal of this paper is to answer the following question: does e-mail alone represent an accurate approximation of the social network? The results suggest that a better approximation can be found by monitoring multiple media: e-mail, chat, telephone, social networking websites, and face-to-face interactions.     

Regulation of international information flows

In this article, the authors analyze the popular search queries used in Google and Yahoo! over a 24-month period, January 2004–December 2005. They develop and employ a new methodology and metrics to examine and assess the digital divide in information uses, looking at the extent of political searches and their accuracy and variety. The findings indicate that some countries, particularly Germany, Russia, and Ireland, display greater accuracy of search terms, diversity of information uses, and sociopolitical concern. Also, in many English-speaking and Western countries most popular searches were about entertainment, implying a certain gap within these countries between the few who search for economic and political information and the many who do not.     

近12年来黄土高原植被覆盖对年内水热条件的响应

基于1999-2010年SPOT-VEGETATION旬值NDVI数据,通过经改进的时滞偏相关等方法,并结合该地区降水量和气温数据,解释植被覆盖年内变化对气候要素的响应.结果表明: ①年内植被覆盖变化与气温的变化较为一致,气温较降水对年内植被生长影响强烈;②植被覆盖低、降水量小、气温低的地区与降水量的年内相关强,滞后时间集中于0旬~3旬;③植被覆盖与气温的年内相关程度不受降水量与气温空间分布的影响,滞后时间集中于2~3旬与8~9旬;④水热组合较好的植被覆盖高的地区,植被覆盖均对降水量与气温的年内响应敏感,相反则敏感程度降低,气温对黄土高原植被覆盖的年内影响占主导地位,农业生态区与山地森林生态区植被覆盖年内变化主要受气温的影响,降水影响不明显;⑤黄土高原西北部和西南部降水或气温的单独影响不利于植被生长,黄土高原西北部,环境干旱,植被稀疏,其植被覆盖与降水量的年内相关较强,但是植被生长相对于其他地区较为迟缓;黄土高原西部,植被覆盖与气温的年内相关程度相对不明显且迟缓.主要是由于黄土高原西北部和西部,降水或气温远低于黄土高原平均水平,而在单气候因素影响下植被生长会受到抑制造成的.