一个不会痛的传说

大概每个人都梦想过成为一个不畏惧疼痛的超人。小时候曾经听说过一个都市传说:一个天生缺乏痛觉神经的男孩,因为从来不痛,所以更加好奇与勇敢:他用小刀划开自己的手,看着鲜血直流的手掌觉得好玩与新奇。他视     

雌激素通过PI3K-AKT通路上调子宫内膜癌中DNA2的表达（英文）

子宫内膜癌是最常见的子宫癌类型,占子宫癌病例的90%。本文通过临床研究,检测子宫内膜癌患者标本中雌激素受体（ER）和DNA复制ATP依赖性解旋酶/核酸酶（DNA2）的表达,并分析两者之间的关系。通过细胞培养实验研究ER调控DNA2表达的机制,证实其与PI3K-AKT通路有关。研究还发现,使用短发夹RNA(shRNA)特异性靶向降低Ishikawa中DNA2的表达,会导致细胞增殖和克隆形成能力降低。总的来说,本研究证实了DNA2作为治疗靶点的可行性,并证明抑制DNA2可使Ishikawa对喜树碱（CPT）化疗增敏。我们的发现为DNA2的潜在机制提供了新的见解,这将有助于开发与子宫内膜癌诊断和治疗相关的新方法。     

雌激素通过调节线粒体功能对神经元保护机制的探讨

雌激素是一种多效应激素,对生殖,心血管,骨骼及神经系统的生理功能发挥调节作用.近年研究表明,雌激素还是神经系统中一种重要的信号分子,可改善葡萄糖代谢,保护线粒体ATP合成功能并抑制自由基生成,维持线粒体膜电位以及细胞内钙稳态,从而抑制或减轻氧化应激诱导的神经细胞凋亡或坏死,有效保护神经细胞和组织.线粒体有可能是雌激素神经保护作用的重要靶标,与雌激素神经保护作用有着密切联系.     

雌激素和Glu-NMDA受体通路与学习记忆相关性的研究进展

雌激素(estrogen,E)是维持女性第二性征最主要的甾体物质,其在神经系统也发挥广泛的药理作用,如抗脑缺血再灌注损伤减少梗死面积,抗自由基形成,调节兴奋性氨基酸释放等.雌激素自身作为一种抗氧化剂能够通过调节体内氧化还原平衡发挥神经保护作用.另外,雌激素在神经系统药理作用的发挥与其受体密不可分,经典的雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER)主要位于细胞核内,包括ER-α和ER-β两种亚型,二者均可在大脑皮质和海马表达:卵巢切除大鼠学习记忆能力降低的同时,ER-α在大脑皮质区和海马区表达也显著减少;ER-β基因敲除能够严重影响学习记忆行为、长时程增强(long term potentiation,LTP)和突触强度,该受体可能参与了高级脑功能的调节.N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid,NMDA)受体作为与学习记忆密切相关的受体,与雌激素受体在海马区存在共表达.雌激素可能通过膜相关的雌激素受体快速激活ERK1/2信号转导通路,进一步诱导NMDA受体NR2B亚基磷酸化,激活NMDA受体,三者均会影响突触可塑性.本文就雌激素及其受体和Glu-NMDA受体通路与学习记忆的相关性进行综述.     

中国大规模空分研究进展（英文）

中国钢铁、化工等行业对工业气体需求的快速增长,极大地促进了大规模空分技术的发展。目前,中国生产的单套空分设备最大氧产量达到了1203 000 Nm3/h,单位能耗为0.38 kWh/m。本文介绍了中国大规模空分技术发展水平,回顾了中国大规模空分工业的发展历史。以成熟的60 000 Nm3/h空分系统为例,详细介绍了分子筛吸附器、空压机、板翅换热器、透平膨胀机和精馏塔等主要设备的技术参数。然后介绍了中国正在发展中的80 000~120 000 Nm3/h空分工艺和装备。最后讨论了中国大规模空分技术存在的主要问题及未来发展方向。     

雌激素对小鼠卵巢囊超微结构的影响

目的:研究小鼠卵巢囊超微结构及雌激素对卵巢囊超微结构的影响.方法:本实验用扫描电镜小鼠卵巢囊及卵巢囊淋巴孔的超微结构,并通过雌激素、雄激素干预,观察卵巢囊超微结构的改变.结果:小鼠卵巢囊上皮细胞间有淋巴孔,激素干预后,雌激素组小鼠卵巢囊微绒毛多而长,细胞排列紧密,可以观察到淋巴孔.雄激素组的卵巢囊内层上皮细胞有间断性细胞皱缩,微绒毛消失,细胞间隙增大,未观察到淋巴孔.结论:发现小鼠卵巢囊淋巴孔,淋巴孔是卵巢囊腔与腹膜腔物质转运的重要途径,从而维持卵巢发育所需的稳定的体液环境.性激素干预可影响卵巢囊及淋巴孔的超微结构,说明卵巢功能状态与淋巴孔的转归密切相关.     

心锚重复蛋白的研究进展（英文）

心锚重复蛋白(CARP)是一个双重定位的蛋白,既可以在胞浆中作为肌节的结构组成蛋白,又定位于细胞核中作为转录共刺激因子调节其他基因的表达。研究发现CARP在多种心血管疾病及肌肉疾病中表达升高,但其在疾病中的作用尚存在争议。本文就CARP的研究进展进行综述,概述CARP的发现过程和结构,并对CARP在疾病中的作用的争议进行总结分析。     

MicroRNAs通过调节自噬影响乳腺癌的耐药性（英文）

自噬是一种保守的分解代谢过程,其特征在于通过溶酶体依赖性途径降解和再循环胞质成分或细胞器。它与乳腺癌的耐药性有着复杂而密切的关系。小分子核糖核酸(micro RNA,mi RNA)是小的非编码分子,可通过基因表达的转录后调控来影响众多细胞过程,包括自噬。许多蛋白质和途径能调节自噬,而其中一些反过来又被mi RNA调节。另外,这些mi RNA可能会影响乳腺癌的耐药性。耐药性是乳腺癌患者远处复发、转移和死亡的主要原因。在这篇综述中,我们总结了乳腺癌自噬与药物耐药性之间的因果关系,同时还讨论了自噬相关蛋白和途径及其相关的mi RNA在乳腺癌耐药性中的作用。     

雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病关系的meta分析(英文)

研究目的:系统评价雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病的关系。创新要点:目前关于雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性(c.454-397TC)与冠心病的关系仍存在争议。因此本研究针对这一问题系统收集国内外符合纳入与排除标准的研究,通过meta分析,系统地评估雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病的关系。研究方法:针对研究问题系统检索国内外相关数据库,根据事先制定的纳入与排除标准及质量评价量表,筛选出符合标准的研究文献。利用STATA11.0和RevMan 5.2软件对纳入的21篇研究(包括9926病例和16710对照)进行定量分析。优势比(OR)值及95%置信区间(CI)用来衡量雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病的关系。重要结论:Meta分析结果提示,雌激素受体α基因ESR1 PvuII基因多态性与冠心病的关系在研究的整体人群中有重要意义。地区亚组分析显示,在亚洲人群中,雌激素受体α基因PvuII基因多态性与冠心病相关,然而这种相关性不存在于西方人群。     

肝细胞癌术后预后模型的研究进展（英文）

肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,同时也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。对于肝癌,尤其是早期和中期肝癌,外科手术是首选同时也是最有效的治疗方法。但HCC的高度异质性,给其患者的预后带来了巨大的挑战。预后模型的构建将有助于对手术治疗患者进行预后分层,并指导临床医生采取个体化治疗,从而提高患者的生存率。目前,HCC的预后评估主要基于几种常用的HCC分期系统（如TNM分期、意大利肝癌计划评分（CLIP）和巴塞罗那分期（BCLC））。然而,鉴于这些分期系统存在的不足,也为了提高预后预测的准确性,研究人员进一步纳入患者的其他预后因素,如微血管浸润,并提出了一些新的预后模型。本综述就当前常见的肝癌临床分期系统及近年提出的新预后模型进行阐述,以期为今后的临床研究提供思路。     

Estrogen modulation of visceral pain

Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B - It is commonly accepted that females and males differ in their experience of pain. Gender differences have been found in the prevalence and severity of...     

Estrogen receptor expression in adrenocortical carcinoma

Objective: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but highly malignant tumor, and its diagnosis is mostly delayed and prognosis is poor. We report estrogen receptor (ER) expression in this tumor and our clinical experiences with 17 ACC cases. Methods: The data of the 17 patients (9 females and 8 males, age range from 16 to 69 years, mean age of 42.6 years) with ACC were reviewed, and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and results of follow-up were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ER expression in tumor samples from the 17 patients. Results: At the time of diagnosis, 4 tumors were classified as Stage Ⅰ, 4 as Stage Ⅱ, 3 as Stage Ⅲ, and 6 as Stage Ⅳ. Eight patients demonstrated positive nuclear immunostaining of ER. The prognosis of patients with ER positive was significantly better (P<0.05) than that of patients with ER negative, with 1- and 5-year survival rates at 86% and 60% for ER-positive patients, and 38% and 0% for ER-negative patients, respectively. Conclusion: ER-positivity may be one of the factors associated with a worse prognosis of ACC.     

The nature of maternal postnatal pain

This study identifies the location and intensity of pain in a sample of 75 women during the first 4 days postpartum. The emphasis on normal processes and shortened hospital stays may decrease attention to maternal postnatal pain. Individual women's variations of pain in both location and intensity from day to day suggest that the reality of postnatal pain needs to become a more important aspect of perinatal education and postnatal care.     

胸苷酸合成酶和雌激素受体在乳腺癌中的表达意义及相关性

目的:探讨胸苷酸合成酶(TS)和雌激素受体(ER)在乳腺癌中的表达及它们的相关性.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测111例乳腺癌和38例乳腺腺瘤组织中TS和ER的表达情况.结果:乳腺腺瘤的TS和ER阳性率分别为10.53%(4/38)和36.84%(14/38),差异有显著性(P<0.05);乳腺癌病人中TS和ER的阳性率分别为31.53%(35/111)和40.54%(45/111),差异无显著性(P>0.05).乳腺癌中TS和ER的表达水平与患者年龄、发生部位、组织学类型、淋巴结转移相关性不明显(P>0.05).TS和ER在乳腺腺瘤组呈正向相关(r=0.077),而在乳腺癌组呈负向相关(r=-0.016).结论:TS在乳腺癌组表达率明显高于腺瘤(P<0.0 5);ER在良、恶性乳腺肿瘤内表达率差异无显著性(P>0.05).检测TS、ER对化疗药物选择有指导意义.     

妈富隆与雌激素治疗青春期功血临床疗效观察

目的：探讨妈富隆与雌激素对青春期功能失调性子宫出血（功血）的治疗效果。方法：对47例青春期功血患者分别采用妈富隆（A组,25例）和雌激素加安宫黄体酮（B组,22例）治疗,观察两组止血时间及效果。结果：24h内控制出血A组7例,B组6例,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。48h止血A组18例,B组8例,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。A组无突破性出血的表现,停药后无出血量过多等情况发生。结论：妈富隆治疗青春期功能失调性子宫出血方法简便,安全性好,疗效显著,副作用少。     

浆液性卵巢癌中雌孕激素受体表达及预后关系探讨

目的：研究浆液性卵巢癌中雌孕激素受体表达的意义及与预后的关系。方法：选取1984．1～2003.7月在我院妇科首次收治的浆液性卵巢癌48例，卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤12例，正常卵巢10例。用SP法测定ER、PR蛋白表达情况，并与临床特征比较。结果：ER、PR阳性染色位于细胞核内，在卵巢癌、良性肿瘤、正常卵巢中ER表达率为27．08％、33．33％、100％．PR表达率为41．67％、83．33％、100％，差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）。ER、PR表达与浆液性卵巢癌的生存、分期、病理分级、淋巴关系，经检验差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：本研究中PR情况与患者生存情况无关。要明确ER、PR对卵巢癌的意义应作单一病理类型卵巢癌的受体多种测定方法的前瞻性研究。     

Sexual, physical, verbal/emotional abuse and unexplained chest pain

Objectives

Approximately one third of patients with non cardiac chest pain (NCCP) report a history of abuse, however no data exists on the prevalence of abuse among people with unexplained chest pain in the general population. We aimed to determine if there is a relationship between childhood sexual, physical, emotional abuse and unexplained chest pain, and to identify whether any potential relationship is being driven by an association with psychological distress.

Methods

Subjects were identified from 2 previous random population surveys that included people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or functional dyspepsia (FD) and healthy controls. People in the unexplained chest pain group (n = 27) had chest pain in the past 12 months that was not heartburn or heart disease. People in the comparison group (n = 60) did not have chest pain for more than 12 months. Self-reported abuse and psychological variables were assessed using validated measures.

Results

Emotional/verbal abuse (20.8% versus 4.4%, P = 0.032) and physical abuse (16.7% versus 2.2%, P = 0.028) were significantly more common in people with unexplained chest pain versus the comparison group. Only a history of emotional/verbal abuse was a significant independent predictor of meeting criteria for unexplained chest pain (OR = 5.66; 95%CI 1.01–31.80, P = 0.049) even after controlling for IBS and/or FD (OR = 5.45; 95%CI 0.96–30.83, P = .05), but not when depression was controlled for (OR = 4.70; 95%CI 0.90–27.61), P = 0.08.

Conclusions

A history of childhood emotional/verbal abuse is a risk factor for having unexplained chest pain but the association may be moderated by psychological distress, specifically depression.     

The relationship between childhood emotional abuse and chronic pain among people who inject drugs in Vancouver,Canada

BackgroundPeople who inject drugs (PWID) often contend with chronic pain as a result of illness and trauma, and such pain is known to have significant impacts on mental health, quality of life, and substance use behaviours. Although PWID are also known to have high rates of childhood trauma, little is known about how childhood emotional abuse may be associated with chronic pain in this population.ObjectiveWe undertook this study to explore emotional abuse and chronic pain among PWID.Participants and settingThis study comprised a total of 1459 participants in Vancouver, Canada between June 2014 and November 2016.MethodsWe employed multivariable generalized estimating equations with data derived from two prospective cohort studies of community-recruited PWID to examine the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and chronic pain in the past six months.ResultsAmong eligible participants, 591 (40.5%) reported childhood emotional abuse, and 760 (52.1%) reported chronic pain in the previous six months. In a multivariable analysis, experiencing childhood emotional abuse remained independently associated with chronic pain (adjusted odds ratio: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.53) after adjustment for a range of socio-demographic and drug use confounders.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that childhood emotional abuse may have lasting relationships with chronic pain among PWID, potentially through established physiological and psychological mechanisms. Current chronic pain treatment may benefit from the evaluation of life course vulnerabilities that may be amenable to earlier interventions. Further, increased availability of effective trauma-informed chronic pain treatment is needed among this vulnerable population.     

泛素-蛋白酶体系统在疼痛发生中的机制研究新进展

泛素-蛋白酶体系统是细胞内蛋白质降解的重要途径之一,它通过降解细胞内各通路的抑制因子和（或）激活因子发挥上调和下调作用,是维持细胞内许多生理功能的重要系统。近年来,有文献报道泛素一蛋白酶体系统由于参与抑制疼痛的细胞因子和蛋白质降解,从而成为神经性疼痛的重要发病因素。实验已经证实蛋白酶体抑制剂能够抑制神经性疼痛和痛觉过敏,从而进一步肯定了泛素-蛋白酶体系统在神经性疼痛发生机制中的作用。     

中药雌激素活性成分研究进展

基于化学成分的传统分类方法,对中药雌激素的活性成分及其药理作用进行了总结和分析,为后续揭示中药雌激素活性成分奠定基础,为含有雌激素活性成分的中药的临床用药及防治提供参考．