英国教师教育政策的演变及评析

20世纪80年代末起,教师教育开始成为英国政府的重要政策目标。保守党和工党政府对于教师教育的改革方向基本一致,但是由于改革背景、政治理念等方面的不同,其政策重点也不尽相同,本文就近20年的英国教师教育政策的演变作一探析。20世纪80年代末起,教师教育开始成为英国政府的重要政策目标。保守党和工党政府对于教师教育的改革方向基本一致,但是由于改革背景、政治理念等方面的不同,其政策重点也不尽相同,本文就近20年的英国教师教育政策的演变作一探析。     

Teacher Evaluation and Teacher Effectiveness in the United Kingdom

An outline is given of the UK research situation for the knowledge bases of school effectiveness and teacher effectiveness, and the UK policy situation in terms of school and teacher evaluation, improvement and development. It is argued that the UK has seen a much greater use of school-level policies, reflecting its substantial school effectiveness research base, rather than teacher-level interventions, although there are currently some attempts at policy and practice level to focus upon teacher effects, teacher evaluation and related issues of professional development. Speculations are given concerning future policy and research needs.     

“研训一体化”教师教育模式的研究

县级中小学教研室和教师进修学校合二为一以后,如何改进教研方式?如何转变培训方式?如何实施研训一体?金坛市教育研究与培训中心,对"研训一体化"的教师教育模式进行了有益的探索。     

“研训一体化”教师教育模式的研究

县级中小学教研室和教师进修学校合二为一以后,如何改进教研方式？如何转变培训方式？如何实施研训一体？金坛市教育研究与培训中心．对“研训一体化”的教师教育模式进行了有益的探索。     

Teacher Education and IT: a national perspective

In this short paper the desired components of teacher competence in Information Technology (IT) are identified and set against the current situation amongst teachers in the United Kingdom. Strategies to ‘bridge the gap’ between the two are outlined, and some current projects by the National Council for Educational Technology designed to address this training need are discussed.     

英国教师伙伴学校及其质量保证

20世纪90年代以来，英国教师职前教育体系变革的亮点在于大学与基础学校建立伙伴协约关系。即“教师伙伴学校”，并且越来越强调教师培养的质量保证。文章主要以诺丁汉大学教师伙伴学校为例，特别介绍“教师伙伴学校”导师的角色与培训，以及相应的质量保证机制。     

浅析英国高等学校教育质量保证体系

20世纪80年代,世界范围内高等教育领域的主题是提高效益,而20世纪90年代以来,质量逐渐成为高教界追求的目标。目前,各国关于高等教育的质量保证体系可谓多种多样,有的国家注重专业评估,有的注重学校评估,有的两者兼顾。本文以英国东伦敦大学(UniversityofEastLondon,以下简称UEL)为例,分析一下英国高等学校教育质量保证体系,以期为我国高校的教育质量保证提供一些参考。一、英国东伦敦大学(UEL)的办学理念1.UEL的使命陈述作为东伦敦地区的一个优秀文化中心,UEL给自己作出如下定位:在教育、培训、科研及咨询方面提供尽可能高的服务质量…     

Teacher education in the United Kingdom post devolution: convergences and divergences

This paper examines the roles of research in teacher education across the four nations of the United Kingdom. Both devolution and on-going reviews of teacher education are facilitating a greater degree of cross-national divergence. England is becoming a distinct outlier, in which the locus for teacher education is moving increasingly away from Higher Education Institutions and towards an ever-growing number of school-based providers. While the idea of teaching as a research-based profession is increasingly evident in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, it seems that England, at least in respect of the political rhetoric, recent reforms and explicit definitions, is fixed on a contrastingly divergent trajectory towards the idea of teaching as a craft-based occupation, with a concomitant emphasis on a (re)turn to the practical. It is recommended that research is urgently needed to plot these divergences and to examine their consequences for teacher education, educational research and professionalism.     

英国联合政府执政期间职前教师教育质量保障措施探析

在其执政期间,英国联合政府在职前教师教育领域采取了一系列质量保障措施.本文从政策保障、机构建立、教师准入标准、教师专业新标准和新的职前教师教育途径等五个方面对英国联合政府所实施的职前教师教育质量保障措施进行了解读,归纳出英国联合政府职前教师教育质量保障体系特点,以期对我国职前教师教育质量保障体系建设有所启迪.     

合作教师教育模式的运用——一条更加贴近现实的途径

介绍了挪威科技大学教师教育系和实习学校之间进行的合作教师教育模式,并探讨了这一模式能否实现“贴近现实的教师教育”这种理念。探讨了该模式是否给学生提供了名副其实的教学相长的机会,是否增加了学生与各个合作者交流的机会,从而使学习成为社会的、互动的过程。最后,审视了该模式是否给学生提供了提高反思能力的机会并促进了实习教师的专业发展。     

发展教育在英国

半个世纪以来，发展教育的理念日益进入英国教育的主流，其组织规模也不断扩大。但理论基础薄弱，概念界定不清，实际操作性差仍是其存在的棘手问题，向操作性强、可塑性强的学习理论的转型，是它的必然选择。     

Death Education in the United Kingdom

Abstract

This paper, which is in three parts, first surveys the development of some forms of informal death education in the United Kingdom since Gorer's (1965) post‐war survey of attitudes to death, grief and mourning. It notes how many of the responses made to the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, are part of such developments. Next it shows how the media in particular, together with exhibitions, courses and reports, continue to contribute to the attainment of four goals originally applied to American Death Education: (1) informing of facts not currently widespread in society, (2) learning to deal with feelings about one's own death and the deaths of significant others, (3) becoming informed consumers of medical and funeral services, and (4) clarifying one's values on social and ethical issues. The paper concludes by outlining some choices and challenges that death and bereavement present using Buber's I‐‐Thou perspective.     

Special Education in the United Kingdom

ALL CHILDREN of school age in the United Kingdom are the responsibility of the Education Authority and must be offered educational provision. About 1.3% of pupils attend special schools; other pupils with special educational needs receive support of various kinds in ordinary schools. The Education Act 1981 is the main legislative instrument concerned with special education: it defined special educational needs, established integration as a key principle guiding service provision and laid down detailed procedures for conducting assessments. Special educational provision is likely to be affected significantly by the general Education Act introduced in 1988 but the precise implications are not yet clear.     

Quality in Teacher Education: a suppressed theme?

With the emergence of neo‐conservative and neo‐liberal ideologies since the early eighties the formula “quality” has superseded continuously the leitmotif “equality of educational opportunities” in debates on education in most member states of OECD—initially as reaction against reforms in the secondary sector of education, then in higher education by focusing on economic and administrative aspects. Although the term “quality” has remained rather vague, it has dominated debates on education since the early nineties and some observers even speak of a “quality movement”. With a certain delay, the same applies to teacher education (TE) and one may hold the impression that TE has been surprised by discussions on “quality in/of TE” which focus on economic and administrative aspects—aspects suppressed in most systems of TE in the member states of the European Union (EU) so far. This article analyses the complex background of debates on “quality in TE” by focusing on sociological perspectives and arguments of the educational sciences. Then it defines problem areas of TE which seem to be in need of improvement. Thirdly, it discusses measures to deal with perceived problems by taking into account experiences in various European countries discussed on occasion of an all‐European seminar of experts supported by the Commission of the European Union. In dynamic societies even preserving the existing “quality” of education systems and TE calls for permanent improvement. If it is intended to increase the “quality” of TE, improvements seem to be indispensable both permanently and of a substantial nature. Based on existing strength of TE and on continuous evaluation, improvements and reforms will be necessary both in its curricula (e.g. aims contents, methodologies) and in its organisational as well as administrative areas. Research in TE as well as competencies of teacher educators will have to play crucial roles. It might become possible to deal with a suppressed theme more pro‐actively.     

Practice in Teacher Education: an Israeli perspective

This paper describes prevailing models of teacher education programs in Israel and tries to explain their variability regarding the student‐teaching component. It is argued that this variability is the result of holding different views regarding three core factors: professional (the way teaching is perceived as a profession), epistemological (the way the knowledge base of teaching is created and acquired), sociopolitical (ownership claims regarding this knowledge base). The combined effect of these three factors is a variety of teacher education programs especially in terms of their practical components. These differ in timing, organization, location, intensity in actual student teaching and reflection, amount of supervision and control. Different modes of practicum emerge, ranging from technical ones deriving from competency based approaches to constructivist reflective ones. Among the constructivist practicums some are based on interactionist modes of meaning construal, some are social or dialectical type of knowledge construction and some emphasize the collective structuring of meaning within the community of practice. The many types of teacher education and student‐teaching programs in existence in Israel, reflect this variability of approaches.     

美国提高教师质量的实证研究 ——俄亥俄州教师质量伙伴模式探析

新保守主义者和传统主义者在如何培养高质量教师方面的争议长期相持不下,在这种情况下最好的办法就是让事实说话,进行实证研究,美国的教师质量伙伴行动(TQP)就是在这种情况下出现的。美国俄亥俄州的教师质量伙伴行动是全美各州同类试验研究的典型,它是要通过研究影响学生学习成绩的教师素质和教师培养实践,从而找到高质量教师的最佳成长道路,以培养更多优秀教师,提高学生们的学习成绩,它是一个典型的实证研究。     

Approaches to Global Education in the United States, The United Kingdom and Japan

This paper analyses approaches to global education in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. The paper begins by looking at movements that preceded global education, such as education for international understanding, development education, multicultural education, and peace education. The rise and fall of these earlier movements is analysed in terms of the interplay between the international and domestic politics of particular countries. To identify the world views which underpinned these pedagogic forms, the author discusses various discontinuities between the period up to the 1990s and thereafter. It is suggested that fresh forms of global education are emerging in - and because of - the changed world of the late 20th and early 21st century.