融入与游离:在京新疆维族大学生的“他者”体验——基于Q大学的个案研究

本研究运用观察法和访谈法,对Q大学的三个维族大学生在北京异己文化中学习及生活经验进行了研究.研究发现,维族大学生在校内及校外各种人事互动中获得了积极和消极体验.积极体验大多来自校内,消极体验则主要来自校外.积极体验使他们产生了尊重和包客的感觉,有助于个体融入异己环境,而消极体验所产生的心理不适则驱使个体倾向选离异己环境.维族学生开展的族弊活动,为他们提供情感和心理支持,帮助他们不断适应异己环境.长时间的异族文化生活经验有助于个体融入异己环境,但不能改变他们回归原民族传统的趋向.     

生活感受能力的训练及写作能力培养

对学生生活感受能力的训练,是提高学生写作能力最基础的工作.在我们目前写作教学中,人们把精力往往用在立竿见影的技巧训练上,而忽视有着长效作用、决定着写作格调和内涵的感受能力的培养.单一的写作技巧训练状况虽有一时的改变却缺少后劲,因此要从根本上提高学生的写作能力、加强生活感受能力的培养是必不可少的.     

试论木刻版画技法的发展演变

雕版技术是一门制作严谨的印刷技术,分为文字印刷和图像印刷两部分,印刷的过程是先制作原稿,再把原稿反转固定在木板上,由技术娴熟的技师雕刻,完毕后上墨印刷,可以批量印刷,具有复数性。     

The advantage of mixing examples in inductive learning: a comparison of three hypotheses

Mixing examples of different categories (interleaving) has been shown to promote inductive learning as compared with presenting examples of the same category together (massing). In three studies, we tested whether the advantage of interleaving is exclusively due to the mixing of examples from different categories or to the temporal gap introduced between presentations. In addition, we also tested the role of working memory capacity (WMC). Results showed that the mixing of examples might be the key component that determines improved induction. WMC might also be involved in the interleaving effect: participants with high spans seemed to profit more than participants with low spans from interleaved presentations. Our findings have relevant implications for education. Practice schedules should be individually customised so society as a whole can profit from differences between learners.     

An Introductory Research Experience in Mathematics for Undergraduates

Abstract

This paper offers a strategic initiative designed to boost the level of collaborative mathematical research involving undergraduate mathematics students at Butler University. It describes goals, program design, logistics, and outcomes for an 8-day intensive summer experience in which undergraduate mathematics majors engaged in original mathematical research at an introductory level.     

课堂教学电视教材摄制技巧与体会

该文从实践的经验,探讨如何将优秀课堂教学摄制成电视教材,且具体就课堂教学的选题策划、摄制技巧和后期艺术加工等问题,简述了对摄制好此类电视教材的认识与体会。     

Rural Undergraduates at Elite Universities: Learning Experience and Identity

Abstract

The decline in the proportion of rural students at major universities has caused widespread social concern. Special enrollment programs in recent years have increased the proportion somewhat. However, the situation at elite universities in China’s transition period is different than before. There are few studies addressing the learning experiences of rural students in the new period. This study uses qualitative methods to research 32 case studies of rural undergraduates at four elite universities in Shanghai. Based on Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, field, and habitus, this study finds a mismatch between the habitus of respondents and that of elite universities, which leads to an awkward initial school experience. In accordance with the operating logic of the academic field, they are able to achieve an increase in cultural capital by virtue of their own efforts. This complex class experience also has a far-reaching impact on identity through the individual’s response to their own emotions. This conflicted identity is expressed as feeling like either a “country bumpkin” in the big city or a “city person” from the country.     

The Effect of a Brief Training in Motivational Interviewing on Trainee Skill Development

Motivational interviewing (MI) is an empirically based practice that provides counselors with methods for working with resistant and ambivalent clients. Whereas previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of training current clinicians in this evidenced‐based practice, no research has investigated the efficacy of teaching MI to counselors‐in‐training who work with clients from the general population. The authors examined the effect of a student‐based training in MI for 43 graduate‐level counselor trainees using a quasi‐experimental controlled design. Statistical analyses based on pretest and posttest assessments revealed participants’ knowledge and skill in MI significantly improved in the treatment group. Implications for training future counselors and suggestions for additional research are explored.     

Promoting gains in reading fluency: a comparison of three approaches

On the ground that reading fluency entails appropriate phrasing or prosody as well as facile word recognition, we investigated the effectiveness of text-based and word-based repeated readings procedures for promoting fluency of reading aloud and comprehension in second-grade children. Repeated readings of text printed with spaces between phrases and ends of lines at clause boundaries (phrase-cued text), repeated readings of text printed with conventional layout (standard text), and repeated readings of lists of difficult words from text were compared. Computer-based, guided repeated reading training intervened between a pretest and post-test reading of text. Each training condition led to significant benefits on one or more of the experimental measures obtained from reading aloud. Repeated readings with text resulted in greater gains in fluency than repeated readings with word lists. Reading with natural prosody was most strongly facilitated by repeated readings of phrase-cued text, which provided visible support for sentence structure.

植物原生质体技术的发展

<正> 自本世纪七十年代以来植物原生质体的培养和原生质体的融合技术不断完善,取得了一些重要进展。利用原生质体培养和原生质体融合进行遗传育种、改良植物、创造新颖品种的研究方面也显示了巨大的潜力。一、原生质体分离、培养和细胞融合技术的发展早在1892年,克拉斯科就采用机械的方法分离植物的原生质体。他把发生质壁分离的细胞切掉其细胞壁而不损伤其内部的结构从而得到植物原生质体。用这种方法先后得到洋葱鳞     

Undergraduates Leading Undergraduates: Peer Facilitation in a Science Workshop Program

This article presents the results of a study investigating the experiences of undergraduatesacting as peer leaders in an extensive peer-led team learning program in introductory undergraduate sciences and engineering courses. In an effort to understand the facilitator experience in the program better and to report initial findings on the benefits derived through a peer-facilitation experience, the study identified multiple areas in which peer facilitators reported experiences ofgrowth and the ways in which they understood and responded to this growth. Marina Micari, Ph.D., University of Minnesota, is Associate Researcher, Gateway Science Workshop Program, Northwestern University. Her interests include adult continuing education and cross-cultural communication. Bernhard Streitwieser, Ph.D. Columbia University, is Associate Director, Searle Center for Teaching Excellence, Northwestern University, and Lecturer, German Department, Northwestern University. His interests include comparative education and contemporary German society; European Education and systemic reform. Gregory Light, Ph.D., University of London, is Director, Searle Center for Teaching Excellence, Northwestern University. His interests include the theory and practice of learning and teaching in higher and professional education.     

A Learning-to-learn Program in a First-year Chemistry Class

This article describes a national teaching project which set out to address the problem of high student attrition and failure in a first-year introductory chemistry topic, through the introduction of a student-focused learning-to-learn program presented in context and which uses authentic course materials. The program focused on developing students' understanding of the learning process and of their own learning, both in general and in chemistry in particular. As part of the project the student approach to learning was evaluated and monitored by use of the Biggs study process questionnaire (SPQ). Results indicate that students who participated in the program were less inclined to engage only in surface learning activities, achieved better assessment outcomes and persisted with their studies. The 1997 class as a whole showed an overall increase in pass rate and a decline in attrition rate compared to the 1996 cohort. SPQ scale scores were generally not powerful predictors of academic success but positive correlation was observed with the deep approach and achieving approach scales for the third SPQ trial period.     

指导本科生参与科研活动的体会与思考

文章结合长期从事基础课程教学和指导本科生参与科研活动并取得优异成果的实例,论述了本科生科研的必要性,提出了指导本科生从事科研活动的4个方面,概括了需要注意的问题,并给广大本科生提出了"十字箴言",以帮助本科生尽快形成正确的科研意识,更好地从事科研活动。     

重点大学在校生高中教育经历的实证分析

本通过对重点大学在校生高中教育经历的调查，把握90年代后期我国高中阶段教育的概况。由于答卷人已是重点大学的学生，章所能反映的仅是全国各地的重点高中、普通高中及其一部分在校生的基本状况。内容主要包括毕业高中的学校类型、高中时的学费支付情况、学校外教育手段利用情况、毕业高中的学生资助情况以及报考大学时重视的因素。     

Exploring Student Skill Learning: A Case for Investigating Subjective Experience

Doctoral dissertations reflect academic specialization in physical education in terms of both graduate programs and authors' future academic orientations. This research project examined specialization as reflected in virtually all of the dissertations written in physical education between 1964 and 1983. Through sequential matching of listings in Dissertation Abstracts Interntioml, Completed Research in Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, and American Doctoral Dissertations, abstracts of 5,344 physical education dissertations were identified and subsequently coded. Selected results included the following: (a) functional effects was the most common academic specialty, (b) the distribution of dissertations among specializations across time changed minimally, (c) the most common academic specialty for DA, EdD, and PED degrees was program development, but the most common specialty for PhD degrees was functional effects, and (d) there was no association between specialties and doctoral program prestige. The results are discussed within the context of the field of physical education in higher education.     

大学生心态的研究进展

心态就是由当前事物和过去经验引起心理活动在一段时间里出现的相对稳定的持续状态,是一个人的心理过程和个性心理在特定时间内的综合表现。对大学生心态的研究主要从以下几个方面展开：心态的界定、心态的基本特征以及大学生心态研究现状和心态研究中存在的问题与不足。     

大学生宗教经验现状研究

宗教经验是宗教信仰的核心,大学生的宗教经验对他们宗教信仰的形成,具有非常重要的影响.采用自编《大学生宗教经验问卷》,对596名大学生的宗教经验现状进行调查,结果分析表明,大学生的宗教经验总体状况处于中等偏下的水平.经过对大学生宗教经验各因素的进一步统计分析,结果具体表现为:大学生似曾相识、不可言说性是主流,整体感、神灵存在处于次要地位;女生比男生更有似曾相识和同步性;不同专业大学生在神灵存在、整体感、似曾相识和同步性上差异显著;有宗教信仰的宗教经验多于无宗教信仰的大学生;消费低的大学生在似曾相识和同步性上不及消费高的大学生多.     

组织大学生参加化学实验竞赛的体会

介绍了近年我校组织学生参加大学生化学实验竞赛的具体做法,以及通过竞赛活动老师和学生的收获和体会。进一步明确了竞赛活动的实践是对传统化学实验教学的有力补充,是培养学生独立思考和创新活力的好形式,同时也推进了我校的化学实验课程的改革。     

本科生班级导师制的实践与体会

责任感强的班级导师全程肩负着本科生大学四年的思想道德教育、学业指导、职业生涯规划和就业指导、生活关怀等职责。为了履行好班级导师的职责,导师本着"以学生为本,以学习为中心,指导学生全面发展,促进学生成长成才"的原则开展工作。本文结合自身担任班级导师的工作实践,介绍了开展班级导师工作的心得体会。