Petroleum systems in the Damintun Depression, Liaohe Oilfield

There are two different types of oils—high-wax oil and normal oil—found in the Damintun Depression of Liaohe Oilfield after several years of exploration and development, but their distributions and origins had confused the explorers in the oilfield. The introduction of petroleum-system concept shifts the view of geoscientists from geology and geophysics to oil, gas and their related source rocks. After detailed study, two petroleum systems have been identified in the Damintun Depression: (1) the ES42-Ar buried hill petroleum system (called the high-wax oil petroleum system) and (2) the ES41 ES34-ES4 and ES3 petroleum system (called the normal oil petroleum system). Based on the detailed analysis of the basic components, and all the geological processes required to create these elements of the two petroleum systems, it is put forward that targets for future exploration should include the area near Dongshenpu-Xinglongpu and the area near the Anfutun Sag. This provides scientific basis and has theoretical and practical meaning for the exploration and development.     

烷基二苯并噻吩类化合物研究进展

烷基二苯并噻吩（DBTs）是一类普遍分布于原油和烃源岩中的含硫芳烃化合物,随着油藏地球化学的兴起,其研究和应用前景日益受到人们的关注。根据对国内外文献相关报道的分析和研究,简要阐述了DBTs的分子结构特征,综述了三十多年来国内外在DBTs方面的研究和应用实例,指出了目前研究中存在的若干问题,最后对DBTs的未来发展方向提出了建议。     

中国中西部前陆盆地构造变形特征与油气勘探前景

本文应用地质、地震、非地震、钻井等资料，结合前人研究成果，对中国中西部前陆盆地进行了综合研究，认为中西部前陆盆地为复合、叠合盆地，具有双层结构模式，盆地的结构存在较大差异，盆地内塑性岩层对构造变形具有重要的调节作用。各前陆盆地均存在一组与盆地走向近于垂直的断裂构造，对盆地的变形特点、油气的分布具有重要控制作用。前陆盆地烃源岩发育。构造成排成带，是有利的油气勘探区，构造带与烃源岩的位置关系决定了油气勘探的潜力。     

臭氧源解析技术的研究进展

臭氧(O3)污染在中国沿海地区愈发严重,对臭氧污染的成因和来源进行定性或定量的识别是O3污染治理的关键。目前,国内外关于臭氧污染来源解析的工作主要从观测和数值模拟两个方面展开,在臭氧及其前体物污染特征分析、臭氧生成潜势(Ozone Formation Potential,OFP)、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)来源解析以及臭氧前体物源排放清单的编制及应用、数值模拟等几个方面归纳与总结了近年来国内外臭氧污染来源解析的工作进展,了解近年国内外臭氧污染成因与来源技术方法的研究进展,可以显著提升环境空气臭氧污染防治工作的科学性、针对性和有效性。     

有机聚合物电致发光材料研究进展

通过对目前研究较多的几种有机聚合物电致发光材料及其器件的发光性能进行了综述,说明有机电致发光材料具有轻便、柔性强、易加工等优点及广阔的应用前景。     

Teaching and learning through open source educative processes

This paper introduces some of the core ideas of an Open Source Educational Processes approach. Based in part on the practices of the Open Source communities of the late 20th and early 21st centuries such as the Linux community, along with the idea that human activity should be held as primary in human-Internet interactions, open source educational processes suggest that individuals will require new types of skills and self-efficacies in order to realize the potential of their Internet activities. Education for these skills is at least in part dependent on development of curricula that recognizes the dialectical relationship between individual agency and goal driven, online communities. It is the communities which drive individual motivations to search for new problem solving possibilities, create well-functioning communities that are capable of organizing and differentiating distributed sources of information, and act as inflection points in the flow of information, recognizing that knowledge is not an object but an ongoing activity. These types of communities are currently relatively rare, especially for distributed populations who do share an initial stake in its goals. One of the few places many students might be able to experience these types of communities and build their Internet skills and self-efficacies are in consciously designed communities provided in traditional education contexts. 21st century education should move (quickly) towards embracing the new types of thinking and intelligence made possible by the Internet through open source educative processes influenced curricula.     

网络缩略语词探析

网络语言作为语言中的一个新生事物,已受到越来越多的人的关注。作为网络语言的一个重要组成部分,网络缩略语词无论在其产生背景、传播途径还是来源与构成上都独具特色,值得进行深入探讨。     

MM时代:从诗到戏剧的尝试——以《零档案》和《镜花水月》为例

中国当代戏剧,从深受西方影响到艺术的自觉,经历了相当一段时间,但艺术自觉之后,要让艺术凭着自身特点赢得市场,更加需要长时间的探索和实验。"MM时代"的戏剧家牟森和孟京辉,有了从诗到戏剧的尝试,让他们的《零档案》和《镜花水月》,具有了诗一样的语言、生动的想象、寥廓的意境、深刻的情思等诗歌审美共性。     

How source information shapes lay interpretations of science conflicts: interplay between sourcing,conflict explanation,source evaluation,and claim evaluation

When laypeople read controversial scientific information in order to make a personally relevant decision, information on the source is a valuable resource with which to evaluate multiple, competing claims. Due to their bounded understanding, laypeople rely on the expertise of others and need to identify whether sources are credible. The present study examined under which conditions readers acknowledge and consider available source information. University students read two conflicting scientific claims put forward by sources whose credibility was varied in terms of either expertise or benevolence. They then rated their subjective explanations for the conflicting claims, perceived source credibility, and personal claim agreement. Results showed that when evaluating and explaining the conflict, participants became vigilant to source information specifically when source credibility was questioned. Conflict explanation through differences in sources’ competencies mediated the impact of sourcing on source credibility. Information about a source’s benevolence revealed a strong direct effect on credibility judgments. However, motivation explanations did not clarify the relationship. Overall, findings show that readers consider source information and apply it adaptively when handling conflicting scientific information.     

某城区挥发性有机物的臭氧生成潜势及源解析

基于福建省某市大气挥发性有机物的观测数据,分析其挥发性有机物的污染特征,研究臭氧(O3)生成潜势,采用正矩阵因子分解法(PMF)模型开展源解析。本次研究共检测出化合物115种,定量分析51种挥发性有机物,包括烷烃、烯烃以及芳香烃,其中烷烃和芳香烃含量最高,烯烃的O3生成潜势贡献最大(45%)。PMF模型源解析结果表明,挥发性有机物主要排放源包括机动车尾气排放、溶剂使用、植物源、生物质燃烧和工业过程,分别占比55.07%、9.37%、8.09%、12.01%和15.47%。     

辽东湾地区辽中凹陷优质烃源岩特征分析

系统分析了辽中凹陷烃源岩的地球化学特征,并对烃源岩进行了综合评价,以期为辽中凹陷油气资源评价及战略选区提供科学依据。分析结果表明：沙一段有机质丰度为1.997%,有机质类型为Ⅱ1,具最高生产力,但因沉积厚度较薄,生烃量有限,不属于主力烃源岩;沙三段有机质丰度为1.64%,有机质类型以Ⅱ1为主,处于成熟—高成熟阶段;东三段有机质丰度为1.715%,有机质类型以Ⅱ1～Ⅱ2为主,处于成熟阶段。证实沙三段、东三段为辽中凹陷的优质烃源岩,目前没有大量发现优质烃源岩的原因是现在钻遇优质烃源岩的井不多或没有系统采样所致。     

开展微型有机性质实验的尝试

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癸二酸二丁酯合成研究进展

综述了固体超强酸、有机酸、无机盐、阳离子交换树脂和磷钨酸等催化剂催化合成癸二酸二丁酯的方法．通过比较发现固体超强酸及有机固体酸类催化剂有较优良的催化性能，与硫酸相比，催化剂用量少，反应时间短，产率高，且不污染环境，具有较好的应用前景．     

Index fossils

Index fossils are commonly found, widely distributed fossils that are limited in time span. They are used for the determination of the age of organic rocks and other fossil assemblages and also help to establish relationships be-tween rock units. Index fossils of plant origin are very rare. In this article, I describe many of their important features, uses, and some of their limitations.     

Teachers' source evaluation self‐efficacy predicts their use of relevant source features when evaluating the trustworthiness of web sources on special education

Building on prior research and theory concerning source evaluation and the role of self‐efficacy in the context of online learning, this study investigated the relationship between teachers' beliefs about their capability to evaluate the trustworthiness of sources and their reliance on relevant source features when judging the trustworthiness of websites concerning special education. We constructed the Source Evaluation Self‐Efficacy Scale (SESES) and used the scores of 263 teachers on this measure to predict their reliance on source features related to the product and the producer of websites when evaluating their trustworthiness. Results showed that even after variance related to gender, age, domain knowledge and frequency of searching the Internet for special education information had been accounted for, teachers' source evaluation self‐efficacy beliefs uniquely predicted their self‐reported use of information about websites' products and producers when judging their trustworthiness. Thus, this research applies self‐efficacy theory and research to a new area and contributes to the burgeoning literature on source evaluation within both reading and information literacy.     

纳米TiO2在含有机物废水处理中的应用

纳米TiO2是一种新型的高性能无机材料．在分析纳米TiO2光催化降解原理的基础上,介绍了光催化技术在各种有机工业废水、生活废水处理中的应用,并在总结分析含有机物废水处理应用的基础上对其发展方向和应用前景进行了展望．     

The shifting sands in the effects of source text summarizability on summary writing

This paper reports the effects of the properties of source texts on summarization. One hundred and fifty-seven undergraduates were asked to write summaries of one of three extended English texts of similar length and readability, but differing in other discoursal features such as lexical diversity and macro-organization. The effects of summarizability were examined from two perspectives: students’ summarization task performance and their perception of such effects as demonstrated in the post-summarization questionnaire and interviews. Source text had significant and relatively larger effects than the summarizers’ language abilities on summarization performance. These were more pronounced on Chinese than English summarization. Perceptual data were generally supportive of the performance data and further illuminated the dynamics of the summarizability of a source text and its potential effects on performance. Macro-organization, frequency of unfamiliar words, topic familiarity, length of source texts were among the most influential factors shaping text summarizability in the view of the participants. However, the effects of summarizability proved to be rather idiosyncratic. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to source text selection when designing summarization tasks.     

Effects of epistemological sensitization on source choices

The uneven distribution of knowledge within modern societies requires a reliance on sources (e.g., reference books, teachers, the Internet) in addition to own experience. Most scientific issues are far too complex to be understood in any depth by laypersons. Successful knowledge acquisition comprises the ability to vary the amount of sources used and to appreciate different sources in different contexts. Epistemological beliefs (i.e., learners’ beliefs on the nature of knowledge and knowing) might affect this task. We report research on secondary school students’ decisions about the amount of sources they would use and their source appreciation (the perceived usefulness of several sources), the impact of epistemological beliefs on such decisions, and their adaptivity to the contextual circumstances of the information search. After exposure to an experimentally induced epistemological sensitization, the students provided information on how they would proceed to confirm given knowledge. Study 1 explored the amount of sources (source quantity and access approaches). Study 2 investigated the perceived usefulness of several sources (source appreciation). Results showed an increase in the amount and appreciation of sources in a high-involving context and after sophisticated sensitization. More sophisticated beliefs led to a larger increase in the amount of sources in a high-involving context. Furthermore, epistemological beliefs predicted the difference in source appreciation between contexts. Conclusions are drawn for the use of sensitization and the teaching of digital literacy in schools.     

α-酮酸的应用及合成研究进展

α-酮酸是一类双官能团有机化合物,是有机合成、药物合成及生物合成的重要中间体,已广泛应用于食品、化妆品、药物及有机合成中。本文综述了近年来α-酮酸的应用及合成进展情况,其合成方法包括氧化法、水解法、格氏试剂法、羰基化法、海因法及F-C酰基化法,并对这些合成方法及其应用前景进行了讨论。     

Using machine-learning and visualisation to facilitate learner interpretation of source material

This paper describes an approach for supporting inquiry learning from source materials, realised and tested through a tool-kit. The approach is optimised for tasks that require a student to make interpretations across sets of resources, where opinions and justifications may be hard to articulate. We adopt a dialogue-based approach to learning whereby the student creates an external representation to reflect their current understanding of the task. This in turn prompts immediate feedback, designed to help the learner to see patterns or irregularities in their current perspective. Through the on-going feedback, the student is encouraged to make incremental changes to achieve a coherent outcome. In this approach, learners are encouraged to generate meaningful responses for themselves, rather than relying on feedback which explicitly provides an answer. This is aimed at prompting deeper processing and understanding of source materials in the context of the given learning goal.