Unequal Forced-Intra-Refresh for robust video streaming

INTRODUCTION In the encoding or transcoding of video stream- ing, intra refresh is introduced as a non-normative error-resilience tool. Although the intra-refresh schemes based on the rate-distortion optimization (C?té et al., 2000; Stockhammer et al., 2002) are superior to the early heuristic intra-refresh strategies, these new schemes cannot yet accurately estimate the video distortion due to time-varying packet losses, and usually ignore the inter-frame error-propagation effect. Chiou…     

Nutritional composition of Pakistani wheat varieties

Pakistani wheat varieties are grown over a wide agro-climatic range and as such are anticipated to exhibit yield and quality differences. It is therefore necessary to investigate the nutritional status of wheat varieties in terms of biochemical and physiochemical characteristics available for food and nutritional purposes in Pakistan. The result shows that wheat grains of different varieties contain a net protein level of 9.15%～10.27%, 2.15%～2.55% total fats, 1.72%～1.85% dietary fibers,77.65×10^-6～84.25×10^-6 of potassium and 7.70× 10 6～35.90× 10^-6 of sodium ions concentration, 0.24× 10^-6～0.84× 10^-6 of phosphorus, 1.44%～2.10% ash, 31.108～43.602 g of thousand grain mass （TGM） and 8.38%～9.67% moisture contents. This study is significant in providing an opportunity to explore the available wheat varieties and to further improve their nutritional excellence and also essential for setting nutritional regulations for domestic and export purposes.     

高钼奥氏体不锈钢高温软化行为与流变应力模型

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Isolation and characteristics of Arthrobacter sp. strain CW-1 for biodegradation of PAEs

Isolation of new bacterial strains and recognition of their metabolic activities are highly desirable for sustainability of natural ecosystems. Biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) under anoxic conditions has been shown to occur as a series of sequential steps using strain CW-1 isolated from digested sludge of Sibao Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hangzhou,China. The microbial colony on LB medium was yellowish,3～5 mm in diameter,convex in the center,and embedded in mucous externally. The individual cells of strain CW-1 are irregular rods,measuring (0.6～0.7)×(0.9～1.0) μm,V-shaped,with clubbed ends,Gram positive and without any filaments. 16S rDNA (1438 bp) sequence analysis showed that the strain was related to Arthrobacter sp. CW-1 and can degrade PAEs utilizing nitrate as electron acceptor,but cannot mineralize DMP completely. The degradation pathway was recommended as: dimethyl phthalate (DMP)→monomethyl phthalate (MMP)→phthalic acid (PA). DMP biodeg-radation was a first order reaction with degradation rate constant of 0.3033 d-1 and half-life 2.25 d. The DMP conversion to PA by CW-1 could be described by using sequential kinetic model.     

Development and evaluation of immunoassay for zeranol in bovine urine

A high affinity polyclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was developed for the quantification of zeranol in bovine urine. On the basis of urine matrix studies, the optimized dilution factors producing insignificant matrix interference were selected as 1：5 in pretreatment. In the improved ELISA, the linear response range was between 0.02 and 1 μg/ml, and the detection limit was 0.02 μg/ml for the assay. The overall recoveries and the coefficients of variation （CVs） were in the range of 82%-127% and 3.5%-8.8%, respectively. Thirty-six bovine urine samples spiked with zeranol （ranging from 0.2 to 10 μg/ml） were detected by the ELISA and liquid chromatography （LC） method, and good correlations were obtained between the two methods （R^2=0.9643）. We conclude that this improved ELISA is suitable tool for a mass zeranol screening and can be an altemative for the conventional LC method for zeranol in bovine urine.     

Nb-Ti微合金钢热变形过程中的再结晶和沉淀行为研究

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｔｈｅｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙｏｆｔｈｅｒｍｏｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ(ＴＭＰ)ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｍｕｃｈｂｅｔｔｅｒｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓ[1～8].ＩｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｍｉｎｕｔｅａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｒｏｎｇｃａｒｂｏｎｉｔｒｉｄｅｏｒｎｉｔｒｉｄｅｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓＮｂ,ＴｉａｎｄＶｔａｋｅｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐ…     

Studying creation of bulk elementary excitation by heaters in superfluid helium-II at low temperatures

In this paper, the obtained experimental results concerning creation of bulk elementary excitations (BEEs) in iso-topically pure liquid 4He at low temperatures ~60 mK are discussed. Positive rotons’ (R -rotons) creation by a pulsed heater was studied. Signals were recorded for the following quantum processes: quantum evaporation of 4He-atoms from the free liq- uid-helium surface by the BEEs of the liquid helium-II, and BEEs reflection from the free surface back into the bulk liquid. Typical signals are shown, and ratios of signal amplitudes are evaluated. For long heater pulses from 5 to 10 μs, appearance of the second atomic cloud consisting of evaporated 4He-atoms was observed in addition to the first atomic cloud. It is thought that the first atomic cloud of the evaporated helium atoms consists of very fast 4He-atoms with energies ~35 K evaporated by positive rotons with the special energies ~17 K (~2ER~2×8.6 K with ER representing the roton minimum energy) corresponding to the third non-dispersive Zakharenko wave. The second cloud of slower 4He-atoms was created by surface elementary excitations (SEEs or ripplons) possessing the special energies ~7.15 K representing the binding energy. It was assumed that such SEEs can be created by phonons incoming to the liquid surface with special energies ~6.2 K corresponding to the first non-dispersive Zakharenko wave, which can interact at the liquid surface with the same phonons already reflected from the surface for long heater pulses. Also, some pulsed-heater characteristics were studied in order to better understand the features of such heaters in low temperature experi- ments.     

一种基于重排首次匹配算法的新颖并行Turbo译码器存储方案

In this paper we discuss a novel storage scheme for simultaneous memory access in parallel turbo decoder. The new scheme employs vertex coloring in graph theory. Compared to a similar method that also uses unnatural order in storage, our scheme requires 25 more memory blocks but allows a simpler configuration for variable sizes of code lengths that can be implemented on-chip. Experiment shows that for a moderate to high decoding throughput （40-100 Mbps）, the hardware cost is still affordable for 3GPP＇s （3rd generation partnership project） interleaver.     

Determination of risperidone in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese volunteers

This study presents a rapid, specific and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for determination of risperidone (RIS) in human serum using paroxetine as an internal standard (IS). An Alltima-C 18separation. The analysis was performed by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method, and the peak area of the m/z 411.3→ 191.1 transition for RIS was measured versus that of the m/z 330.1→192.1 transition for IS to generate the standard curves. The assay linearity of RIS was confirmed over the range 0.25～50.00 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation was 0.05 ng/ml. The linear range corresponds well with the serum concentrations of the analytes obtained in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Intraday and interday relative standard deviations were 1.85%～9.09% and 1.56%～4.38%, respectively. The recovery of RIS from serum was in the range of 70.20%～84.50%. The method was successfully applied to investigate the bioequivalence between two kinds of tablets (test versus reference products) in 18 healthy male Chinese volunteers. The result suggests that two formulations are bioequivalent.     

Non-occupational lead exposure and hypertension in Pakistani adults

INTRODUCTION Blood-Pb levels are taken as representative of dose/exposure, as all clinical symptoms resulting from the toxic effects of Pb are manifested mainly in blood. Lead exposure of children correlates with de- creased IQ, symptoms of hyper kinesis or minima brain dysfunction, poor learning, or defects in specific neuromotor tasks (Landgrin et al., 1980). Large number of observations over the years has associated lead exposure with human diseases (McMichael and Johnson, 1982). Ca…     

A novel way of liver preservation improves rat liver viability upon reperfusion

Background/aim： Currently, the liver is cold-preserved at 0-4 ℃ for experimental and clinical purposes. Here, we investigated whether milder hypothermia during the initial phase of the preservation period was beneficial for liver viability upon reperfusion. Methods： In the first set of experiments, rat livers were preserved either conventionally in clinically used histidine-trypthopan-ketoglutarate （HTK） solution （Group A： 45 min and Group B： 24 h） or by slow cooling HTK solution （from 13 ℃ to 3 ℃） during the initial 45 min of preservation （Group C： 24 h）. In the second set of experiments, additional groups of livers were evaluated： Group BB-preservation according to Group B and Group CC-preservation according to Group C. Further, some livers were preserved at 13 ℃ for 24 h. Livers were then reperfused using a blood-free perfusion model. Results： Bile production was approximately 2-fold greater in Group C compared to Group B. Alanine transaminase （ALT） and aspartate transaminase （AST） release into perfusate were 2-3-fold higher in Group B compared to Group C. No significant differences were found in ALT and AST release between Group C and Group A. Livers in Group CC compared to Group BB exhibited significantly lower portal resistance, greater oxygen consumption and bromosulfophthalein excretion into bile and lower lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） release into perfusate. Histological evaluation of tissue sections in Group BB showed parenchymal dystrophy of hepatocytes, while dystrophy ofhepatocytes was absent in Group CC. Livers preserved at 13 ℃ for 24 h exhibited severe ischemic injury Conclusion： These results suggest that the conventional way of liver preservation is not suitable at least for rat livers and that slow cooling of HTK solution during the initial phase of cold storage can improve liver viability during reperfusion.     

Study on NO2 absorption by ascorbic acid and various chemicals

INTRODUCTION Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is one of the main air pol- lutants found in the flue gases from chemical and power plants belching acid rain and photochemical smog. Over 90 percent of all man-made nitrogen ox- ides that enter our atmosphere are produced by the combustion of various fuels. Compared with the ad- vanced stage of SO2 gas removal technologies devel- opment, the removal of NOx gases is still in the initial stages of development as roughly 90 to 95 percent of NOx emitted i…     

小型化宽带背腔缝隙天线

A wideband cavity-backed slot antenna operated in the ultra-high frequency(UHF)band is introduced.The antenna has a compact structure and low profile with the size ratio of the ground plane to the slot only 1.6:1.The measured impedance bandwidth of VSWR≤3 achieves 85.3%,covering a frequency range from 390 MHz to 970 MHz.The measured gain is about 5.5～7.5 dB.     

Thermal Response Test by Improved Test Rig with Heating or Cooling Soil简

An improved test rig providing both the heat and cold source was used to perform thermal response test(TRT), and the line source model was used for data analysis. The principle of determining the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of test well can keep the heating or cooling rate constant, along with a reduced size of test rig. Among the influencial factors of the line source model, the temperature difference was determined as the most important, which agreed with the test results. When the gravel was taken as the backfill material, the soil thermal conductivities of heating and cooling at the test place were 1.883 W/(m·K) and 1.754 W/(m·K), respectively, and the deviation of TRT between heating and cooling soil was 6.8%. In the case of fine sand, the thermal conductivities of heating and cooling were 1.541 W/(m·K) and 1.486 W/(m·K), respectively, and the corresponding deviation was 6%. It was also concluded that different velocities of water had less influence on TRT than the temperature difference.     

Bond strength improvement of GFRP rebars with different rib geometries

Based on the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) criteria,105 pullout specimens were tested to investigate the effect of different rib geometries on bond strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars embedded in concrete. Two kinds of conventional reinforcing rebars were also studied for comparison. Each rebar was embedded in a 150 mm concrete cube,with the embedded length being four times the rebar diameter. The experimental parameters were the rebar type,rebar component,rebar diameter,rebar surface texture,rib height,rib spacing and rib width. Theoretical analysis was also carried out to explain the experimental phenomena and results. The experimental and theoretical results indicated that the bond strength of GFRP rebars was about 13%～35% lower than that of steel rebars. The bond strength and bond-slip behavior of the specially machined rebars varied with the rebar type,rebar diameter,rebar surface texture,rib height,rib spacing and rib width. Using the results,design recom-mendations were made concerning optimum rib geometries of GFRP ribbed rebars with superior bond-slip characteristics,which concluded that the optimal rib spacing of ribbed rebars is the same as the rebar diameter,and that the optimal rib height is 6% of the rebar diameter.     

Anatomical studies on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a prolific free floating aquatic macrohpyte found in tropical and subtropical parts of the earth. The effects of pollutants from textile wastewater on the anatomy of the plant were studied. Water hyacinth exhibits hydrophytic adaptations which include reduced epidermis cells lacking cuticle in most cases, presence of large air spaces (7∼50 μm), reduced vascular tissue and absorbing structures. Textile waste significantly affected the size of root cells. The presence of raphide crystals was noted in parenchyma cells of various organs in treated plants. Project (No. 30070017) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

University Mathematics and Science Faculty Modeling Their Understanding of Reform Based Instruction in a Teacher Preparation Program: Voices of Faculty and Teacher Candidates

This study was conducted in a reform-based mathematics and science teacher education program in the USA, the Maryland Collaborative for Teacher Preparation(MCTP). The goal of the undergraduate program was to prepare upper elementary/middle level specialists in mathematics and science. One significant aspect of the MCTP was the expectation that the program's professors (in mathematics and science) would model a new vision of effective pedagogy based on reform-based recommendations. We determined, in general, that the program's mathematics and science content professors accepted the dual role of modeling effective instruction at the same time they were delivering content. However, this dual responsibility raised in their minds an ‘issue of appropriate balance’ between content and pedagogical foci in their courses. Previously, the professors' had not questioned a focus heavily tilted toward content coverage. We also determined that the program's teacher candidates believed that the mathematics and science professors modeled effective instruction. One of the primary reasons that the teacher candidates believed that their professors were modeling effective instruction was that the focus in the courses was primarily on conceptual understanding, not memorization. A major implication was that the professors' modeling of reform-based instruction prompted the teacher candidates to develop a new vision of mathematics and science teaching shaped by their professors' example.     

Effect of cultivating conditions on α-galactosidase production by a novel Aspergillusfoetidus ZU-G1 strain in solid-state fermentation

The work is intended to achieve optimum culture conditions of α-galactosidase production by a mutant strain ,Aspergillusfoetidus ZU-GI in solid-state fermentation （SSF）. Certain fermentation parameters involving moisture content, incubation temperature, cultivation period of seed, inoculum volume, initial pH value, layers of pledget, load size of medium and period of cultivation were investigated separately. The optimal cultivating conditions of α-galactosidase production in SSF were 60% initial moisture of medium, 28 ℃ incubation temperature, 18^h cultivation period of seed, 10% inoculum volume, 5.0-6.0 initial pH of medium, 6 layers of pledget and 10 g dry matter loadage. Under the optimized cultivation conditions, the maximum α-galactosidase production was 2037.51 U/g dry matter near the 144th hour of fermentation.     

Analysis of dipole-like ultra high frequency RFID tags close to metallic surfaces

It is a challenge for passive RFID tags to be mounted on the surface of metal because the parameters of tag antennas, such as the impedance matching, the radiation efficiency and the radiation pattern, are seriously affected by the metallic surface. This paper presents the characteristics of the dipole-like antennas of ultra high frequency （UHF） radio frequency identification （RFID） tags that are placed close to metallic surfaces. The finite element method （FEM） and method of moment （MoM） were used to simulate the changes of the antenna parameters near the metallic surface. Two typical dipole-like antennas close to the metallic surface, a closed loop antenna and a loaded meander antenna, were modeled, and the performance was evaluated. Experiment was carried out and the results were in good agreement with the simulation, showing that a distance of 0.05λ-0.1λ （λ is the free space wavelength） from the metallic surface could make the dipole-like UHF RFID tag performance be acceptable.     

Experimental approaches and analytical technique for determining heavy metals in fallen dust at ferrosilicon production factory in Edfu, Aswan, Egypt

In this study aimed to evaluate the pollution extent of metals and nonmetals inside and outside the ferrosilicon production factory in Edfu, Aswan, Egypt, raw materials (quartz, cokes, iron oxides), ferrosilicon alloy, silica fume, dust and suspended dust (at different sites) samples were collected from the factory, and fallen dust samples were collected from outside the factory, horizontally (at different sites and different distance and directions) and vertically (at different floors in the selected buildings). Gravimetric methods, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), flame photometer, wide range carbon determinator and atomic absorption spectroscopy tools were used for elements determination. The results indicating that the fallen dust and its element contents on southern factory walls being higher than those on eastern factory walls may be due to the nature of the dusts and effects of wind force and wind direction. Fallen dust levels in different regions outside the factory were found to be affected by the distance, direction and floors. The nature of dust samples was affected by gravity and the suspended dust in different factory units depended on the work capacity and method of handling materials by personnel in different production units. Silica fume was a complicated problem, had dangerous effect against the workers' health, and was characterized by high concentrations of SiO2(90.6%～93.6%) and heavy metals (Mn, 420.6×10-6～520.3×10-6; Fe, 2354×10-6～2685×10-6; Co, 80.7×10-6～101.6×10 6 and Ni,5.3× 10-6～6.05× 10-6). The TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) levels in all factory units were higher than the recommended air quality value (70 μg/m3) under Egyptian law. The effect of ferrosilicon factory fallen dust on the surrounding regions decreased with increasing distance between the factory and these regions. The suspended dust samples in the factory units and their components greatly exceeded national and international standards, so health and environmental criteria must be enforced on these units.