形成性评价与终结性评价并重高职英语测评体系构建

高职英语作为专业课程的辅助课程,主要体现出其应用能力,沿用原有的终结式考试已经不能体现出学生对本门课技能掌握情况。鉴于此教师对考核方式进行改革,加强考核引导和过程控制,注重学生英语应用能力培养及提高,建立基于过程控制的高职英语课程形成性考核与终结性考核并重的考核体系,深化高职英语课程改革,促进高职学生英语应用能力的提高。     

提问中的形成性评价

自20世纪80年代中期以来,由布鲁姆提出的形成性评价的相关理论引起我国教育界的广泛关注,广大教师纷纷在教学中运用形成性评价方法,并在一定程度上改善了教学成果,但是教师在使用形成性评价时仍然存在一些的误区。课堂提问是教师检测学生掌握知识的常用手段,但提问本身并不能达到形成性的目的。本文就教师如何更好地发挥课堂提问中形成性评价的功能进行探讨。     

形成性评价体系在思想政治理论课教学中的运用与效果评价研究

现阶段,我国高等教育呈现良好的发展趋势,高等院校的数量逐渐增加,规模也在不断扩大,尤其是高等医学院校。高等医学院校在思想政治理论课教学评价方面,过于重视终结性评价在教学过程中的作用,教学效果并不理想,而形成性评价体系在高等医学院校思想政治理论课教学中的合理运用,能够在很大程度上提升思想政治理论课教学效果。本文主要针对高等医学院校思想政治理论课教学问题进行深入分析,探讨思想政治理论教学中形成性评价体系的运用策略及效果。     

Integrating formative evaluation into a learner-centred revision course

This article describes a learner-centred course which ran in summer 1988. It was ostensibly a revision exercise, using computer assisted learning (CAL), but an element of formative evaluation was deliberately built into the process, making it contribute to our systematic review and development of our teaching. Our aim was to take snapshots of learning at different stages, through a short but intensive revision class in mathematics for engineering and science undergraduates at a Scottish university
The CALM Project—Computer Aided Learning in Mathematics—has produced 2 5 software units to enhance the teaching of calculus to large groups of undergraduates. The CALM software was piloted by one group of students and a formative evaluation of the packages has been reported elsewhere (Beevers et al 1987, Beevers et al 1988a). This revision course enabled us to confirm many of the previous evaluation findings on the CALM software; we also discovered that a round-up session on problem-solving is an important and integral part of the learning process. The evaluation proved useful to us as teachers of mathematics, and has already influenced the future development of our CAL work.     

Differences in expert practice: a case from formative evaluation

A clear case has been made in the literature regarding the role of the learner in formative evaluation of instructional materials. In contrast, research on the role of the expert has been limited. This paper describes formative evaluation by instructional designers and subject matter experts, highlighting their task interpretation, their focus on text features, and their strategies. Content analysis of protocols based on think-aloud data suggest that instructional designers take on the role of a generalist, use a comparative method of review, and appear to be directed by the heuristics of the Instructional Systems Design Model. In contrast, subject matter experts approach the task as a specialist, use a sequential method of review, and seem to be directed by the domain knowledge. These differences lead to the identification of different problems and the generation of different revision recommendations. The implications of findings are discussed.     

Bridging the gap between observation protocols and formative feedback

In this study, we sought to identify how feedback about classroom observations affected novice university mathematics instructors’ (UMIs) teaching practices. Specifically, we examined how a Red–Yellow–Green feedback system (RYG feedback) affected graduate student instructor (GSI) scores on an observation protocol (GSIOP). The protocol was developed specifically for this population, and both the GSIOP and RYG feedback were used within a peer mentoring program for GSIs, wherein novice GSIs were mentored by more experienced GSIs. Mentors observed novices’ classrooms using the GSIOP and provided RYG feedback as part of observation–feedback cycles. We analyzed 100 sets of scores, each collected over the course of a semester containing on average three observation–feedback cycles. Analyzing the semester-long datasets longitudinally provided insight into what types of feedback informed and influenced observed teaching. After qualitatively coding the feedback provided to the GSIs by their mentors along multiple dimensions, we found certain forms of feedback were more influential for observable changes in GSIs’ teaching. For example, pedagogical feedback that included contextualization (context and focal events) demonstrated a more positive change in GSIOP score than feedback that lacked contextualization. Our results suggest that contextual formative feedback has a positive change to student-focused and teacher-focused observations.

     

Development of a formative peer observation protocol for STEM faculty reflection

Abstract

Faculty peer observation has seen increasing uptake in recent years, in some cases as an alternative or supplement to student teaching evaluations. While many universities encourage faculty peer observation, it is not widely used in a formal way for formative assessment. This article outlines the development of a new faculty peer observation protocol designed for formative assessment of evidence-based educational practices. The goal of the protocol is to foster reflective teaching practices. The peer observation protocol has been designed to mitigate common faculty fears of classroom observation, with detailed assessment methods for specific topic areas. Preliminary testing of the protocol at one university indicated positive faculty outcomes with regard to personal reflection: all the faculty who tested the protocol reported that the observation process had been helpful for them to reflect on their teaching.     

Theory-based assessment in environmental education: a tool for formative evaluation

This article reports on the development of a theory-informed assessment instrument for use in evaluating environmental education programs. The instrument involves coding learners’ brief reflective writing on five established educational and social psychological constructs that correspond to five important goals of environmental education: promoting learners’ perceived relevance of environmental content, sense of personal and collective responsibility for sustainability, knowledge of environmental content, readiness for environmental action, and identity exploration around environmental questions. The article describes the development of the instrument and its use for coding the reflective writing of 242 early adolescents who participated in a large-scale environmental education program.     

小学生形成性评价的实验研究

小学生形成性评价的实验研究是根据马克思主义的人的全面发展学说,贯彻素质教育主旨,遵循现行教育理论,针对学校教育实际情况所进行的,通过改革和实施小学生形成性评价体系,在尊重中评价,在评价中激励,突显学生的主体地位,促进小学生健康成长。