有机改性膨润土负载羟基氧化铁处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水

以具有良好吸附性能的有机膨润土作为载体制备有机改性膨润土负载羟基氧化铁,并用制备的复合吸附剂对含铬(VI)废水进行吸附实验。结果表明,改性膨润土的质量分数为3‰时,Cr(Ⅵ)废水去除效果较好。当复合吸附剂的投加量为1.0g,温度为25℃,振荡时间为4h时,对含10mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)废水去除率达98.37%。     

有机改性膨润土负载羟基氧化铁处理含铬（VI）废水

以具有良好吸附性能的有机膨润土作为载体制备有机改性膨润土负载羟基氧化铁,并用制备的复合吸附剂对含铬（VI）废水进行吸附实验。结果表明,改性膨润土的质量分数为3％时,Cr（Ⅵ）废水去除效果较好。当复合吸附剂的投加量为1.0g,温度为25℃,振荡时间为4h时,对含10mg/L的Cr（Ⅵ）废水去除率达98.37%。     

改性硅藻土及其在含铬废水处理中的应用探究

硅藻土(DE)具有孔隙度大、吸收性强、化学性质稳定、有优异的表面性能,增容,增稠以及提高附着力。聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)能与分散于溶液中的悬浮粒子架桥吸附,有着极强的絮凝作用。本课题采用PAM包覆硅藻土,再将所得改性硅藻土(PDE)用于模拟含铬废水及工业含铬废水处理,并对其机理进行探究。通过本课题来对PAM改性硅藻土的合成及其对吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附进行研究。     

活性炭处理含铬废水的研究

活性炭具有优良的吸附性和还原性,已广泛用于废水处理工业.采用静态试验的方法,考察了活性炭加入量、吸附时间、pH值、温度等因素对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水去除率的影响.研究表明活性炭的投加量为0.6g/mL,pH为4,吸附时间为150min,温度为20时℃时铬的去除率为97％.在适宜的条件下,活性炭可以较好的去除废水中的Cr(Ⅵ).     

改性膨润土处理实验室含铬废液

将膨润土与90%脱乙酰度壳聚糖的0.5%醋酸溶液按1:1.2质量比混合,制成负载壳聚糖改性膨润土吸附剂,用于处理实验室含铬废液.最佳工艺条件是:壳聚糖与膨润土质量比为0.04,吸附剂用量为40.0 g/L,废水中Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度不大于50 mg/L,pH值为4～6,吸附平衡时间为40 min,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为81%.与活性炭吸附法相比,膨润土-壳聚糖复合吸附剂吸附平衡时间短(约为1/2),且成本仅为活性炭吸附法的1/6.     

农业废弃物花生壳对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的静态吸附特性研究

采用废弃花生壳对Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为50mg/L的模拟水样进行了静态吸附实验研究。实验结果表明,对于Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为50mg/L的50mL模拟水样,在25℃下,用粒径为2-3mm花生壳吸附剂用量为1.0g、介质pH值为1.0、吸附时间为300min处理废水时,Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率可以达到99.55%。吸附后的水中Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为0.224mg/L,满足《污水综合排放标准》GB8978-1996的标准。随着体系温度的升高,花生壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量增加,同时对吸附等温线及其模型的拟合进行了实验说明,Freundlich模型能较好地反映吸附过程特征。     

改性花生壳对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的静态吸附特性研究

利用酸性甲醛溶液将废弃花生壳改性,研究了改性花生壳对Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为50mg/L的模拟水样的静态吸附实验效果。实验结果表明,对于Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为50mg/L的50mL模拟水样,当温度为25℃用粒径为2-3mm改性花生壳吸附剂用量为1.0g、介质pH值为1.0、吸附时间为300min处理废水时,Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率可以达到99.71%。吸附后的水中Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为0.144mg/L,满足《污水综合排放标准》GB8978-1996的要求。改性花生壳比普通花生壳对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附能力更强。     

IRA-900树脂对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

本文采用离子交换树脂处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水并探讨其吸附能力,同时考察了树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附热力学和动力学。通过树脂筛选实验优选出IRA-900为较优吸附剂,并进一步考察了吸附时间、树脂用量、pH值、溶液初始浓度对吸附的影响;动态实验表明,树脂重复使用6次仍保持较高的吸附量和脱附率,说明该树脂可重复再生利用;热力学和动力学研究表明:Langmuir模型能更好地拟合树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,IRA-900树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,说明该吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主。     

资源化后农业废物吸附处理废水中六价铬离子

利用市面中常见的杜鹃花修剪后的花茎,制备生物质吸附剂,进行吸附试验研究,并探讨碳化前后杜鹃花茎对废水中Cr⁶⁺的吸附成效。研究结果显示,碳化后的杜鹃花茎粉末比碳化前的杜鹃花茎粉末能吸附较多Cr⁶⁺。利用碳化前杜鹃花茎粉末吸附废水中Cr⁶⁺,能去除废水中56.25%Cr⁶⁺;而利用碳化后的杜鹃花茎粉末吸附废水中的Cr6+,能去除废水中57.03%Cr⁶⁺。     

磁流体对工业废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

采用共沉淀法制备了粒径为10nm的Fe3O4磁性微粒,分散于水中生成饱和磁化强度35mT的水基磁流体,用此磁流体对模拟与实际废水中Cr（Ⅵ）进行了吸附研究。结果表明,吸附的最佳实验条件为pH=3,温度为45℃,吸附时间为0．5h。用Langmuir等温模型和假二级动力学模型探讨了磁流体对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附机理,该过程为单离子层吸附。在最佳实验条件下,磁流体对实际制革废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的饱和吸附量达66．5mg／g,废水中残N／Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为0．2mg／L,低于工业废水排放的国家标准（0．5mg／L）。     

Remediation of Cr(VI) in solution using vitamin C

INTRODUCTION Chromium is a commonly identified soils andgroundwater contaminant. Cr(VI) is toxic, carcino-genic, and has great subsurface mobility. In contrast,Cr(III) is relatively non-toxic and immobile. Muchresearch focused on the remediation of Cr(VI) such asadsorption by zeolites (Bowman, 2003) or silicas(Hideaki et al., 2002), chemical reduction by ferrousiron (Buerge and Hug, 1999; Fendorf and Li, 1996) orzero-valent iron (Powell and Puls, 1997; Alowitz andScherer, 2002), b…     

Remediation of Cr（Ⅵ） in solution using vitamin C

The effectiveness of vitamin C in treating Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated water is being evaluated. Cr(Ⅵ) is an identified pollutant of some soils and groundwater. Vitamin C, an important biological reductant in humans and animals, can be used to transform Cr(Ⅵ) to essentially nontoxic Cr(Ⅲ). The removal efficiency was 89% when the mass concentration of vitamin C was 80 mg/L in 60 min, and nearly 100% Cr(Ⅵ) was removed when the mass concentration was 100 mg/L. Our data demonstrated that the removal efficiency was affected by vitamin C concentration, the reaction temperature and the dissolved oxygen concentration.The reaction mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) by vitamin C was presented. Our study opens the way to use vitamin C to remediate Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soils and groundwater.     

柚子皮对水中六价铬的吸附性能研究

采用柚子皮制备生物吸附剂用于去除水中的Cr(VI),考察了p H值、柚子皮投加量、柚子皮粒径、溶液离子强度、反应温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液中Cr(VI)离子初始浓度15mg/L、p H 1.5、反应温度25℃、柚子皮投加量1.0g/100 m L、吸附时间7 h时,Cr(VI)离子去除率可达90%以上。柚子皮对Cr(VI)离子的吸附过程可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型来描述,吸附等温线线性相关性均较显著,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。柚子皮对水中Cr(VI)离子吸附性能较好,且运行成本低,可推广应用于水中重金属离子的治理。     

Microwave-assisted Fenton-like decolorization of methyl orange solution using chromium compounds

Azo dyes discharged in the environment are persistent organic pollutants （POPs）, which are very difficult to remove. We developed a microwave-assisted Fenton-like process to degrade methyl orange （MO）, an azo dye, with hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） catalyzed by chromium compounds coexisting with MO in the solution. Comparison between the Cr（Ⅲ）-H2O2 and Cr（Ⅵ）-H2O2 systems shows＂ that Cr（Ⅵ） has a stronger and more stable catalytical activity than Cr（Ⅲ）, and Cr（Ⅲ） is more susceptible to a change in the acidity or alkalinity of the reaction system. With a Cr（Ⅵ） concentration of 10 mmol L^-1 or a Cr（Ⅲ） concentration of 12 mmol L^-1 in the solution under the microwave irradiation of a power larger than 300 W for 3 min, 10 mmol L^-1 H2O2 can degrade more than 95% of 1 000 mg L^-1 methyl orange; when the microwave power is increased to 700 W, the same amount of H2O2 can degrade all methyl orange in the solution with the same amount of Cr（Ⅵ ） catalyst. Ultraviolet-visible spectrography indicates the cleavage of the azo bond in methyl orange after treatment, suggesting the potential o of this Fenton-like process to degrade azo dye POPs. Reusing waste chromium compounds coexisting with dyestuff in wastewater to catalyze the degradation of azo dyes could be a cost-effective technique for azo dyes and chromate manufacturers and/or users to treat their wastewater and prevent POPs from endangering the environment. This is of particula importance to controlling the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

Catalytic Activity of Cr(VI) in the Degradation of Phenol by H2O2 Under Acidic Conditions

Cr(VI) and phenol are toxic contaminants that need to be treated, and different methods have been researched to simultaneously remove these two contaminants from industrial wastewater. In this study, Cr(VI) was used as a novel Fenton-like catalyst in phenol degradation by H₂O₂. In the pH range of 3.0‒11.0, the degradation efficiency of phenol decreased with elevated pH. At pH = 3.0, 100 mg/L phenol was effectively degraded by 2 mmol/L Cr(VI) and 20 mmol/L H₂O₂. At pH = 7.0 and the same conditions as those of pH = 3.0, 79% of 100 mg/L phenol was removed within 6 h, which was an improvement in pH limitation compared with the Fe(II)-mediated Fenton reaction. Quenching experiments indicated that ^·OH generated from the catalysis of H₂O₂ by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI) was the primary oxidant that degraded phenol. When pyrophosphate was added in the Cr(VI)/H₂O₂ system, complexes with the Cr(V) intermediate rapidly formed and inhibited H₂O₂ decomposition, implying that the decomposition of H₂O₂ to ^·OH was catalyzed by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI). The presence of anions such as chloride and sulfate had insignificant effect on the degradation of phenol. TOC and UV analyses suggest that phenol could not be completely oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O, and the intermediates identified by high performance liquid chromatography further indicates that maleic acid and benzoquinone were intermediates which may be further degraded into short chain acids, primarily maleic, formic, acetic, and oxalic acids, and eventually into CO₂ and H₂O. Considering that more than 50% Cr(VI) can also be removed during this process, the Cr(VI)/H₂O₂ system is more appropriate for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol contaminants from industrial wastewater.

     

Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by iron nanoparticles

Groundwater remediation by nanoparticles has收稿日期increasing interest in recent years. This report presents a thorough evaluation of hexavalent chromium removal in aqueous solutions using iron (Fe0) nanoparticles. Cr(Ⅵ) is a major pollutant of groundwater. Zero-valent iron, an important natural reductant of Cr(Ⅵ), is an option in the remediation of contaminated sites, transforming Cr(Ⅵ) to essentially nontoxic Cr(Ⅲ). At a dose of 0.4 g/L, 100% of Cr(Ⅵ) (20 mg/L) was degraded. The Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency decreased significantly with increasing initial pH. Different Fe0 type was compared in the same conditions. The reactivity was in the order starch-stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles＞Fe0 nanoparticles＞Fe0 powder＞Fe0 filings. Electrochemical analysis of the reaction process led to the conclusion that Cr(OH)3 should be the final product of Cr(Ⅵ). Iron nanoparticles are good choice for the remediation of heavy metals in groundwater.     

Determination of Diffusion Coefficient and Analysis of Diffusion Factors of Cr（Ⅵ） Ion in Clay Soil

Some laboratory diffusion tests were conducted with diffusion device to determine the diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) ion passing through Dalian red clay samples. The concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) at different places of the samples were then measured spectrophotometrically after a standing time of 1 000 d. A one-dimensional solute transport equation was used to simulate the transport of Cr(Ⅵ) through clay samples. Back-calculation of diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) was made with finite difference method. Parametric analysis was conducted to simulate variations in soil dry density, temperature, pH and standing time. The results show that the method used in this paper is simple and effective. The diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) in Dalian red clay varies from 1.50×10-7 cm2/s to 2.08×10-7 cm2/s. After 1 000 d diffusion, the concentration of the source solution drops down to 1.27 mg/L from 62.5 mg/L, and the diffusion distance is only 3.5 cm. Under the assumption that diffusion coefficient is constant, the diffusion effect becomes more obvious with lower density, lower temperature, higher pH value, and much more time.     

对乙酰基偶氮羧光度法测定痕量铬的研究

研究了对乙酰基偶氮羧与Cr_2O_7~(2-)的褪色反应,建立了一种新的测定痕量Cr(Ⅵ)的光度方法,发现其在高氯酸介质中具有高灵敏的褪色反应,摩尔吸光系数达到3.0×10~6 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)Cr(Ⅵ),量在0～50μg范围内符合比耳定律.     

实验室含铬废液处理方法的对比研究

实验室含铬废液不能直接排放,必须进行回收处理。采用化学还原法处理含Cr（VI）废液,对比研究了以亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、抗坏血酸、硫酸亚铁为还原剂还原Cr（VI）的酸度条件、还原剂用量、反应时间等影响因素．结果表明：在最佳参件下,四种还原剂处理含Cr（VI）废液的去除率都在99．9％以上,处理后出水的Cr（VD浓度分别为0．048mg·L^-1、0．018mg·L^-1,0．038mg·L^-1,0．018mg·L^-1,均小于0．5mg·L^-1,达到了国家排放标准,取得了良好的处理效果。综合分析Cr（VI）~除率和经济效益得出亚硫酸氢钠为最佳还原剂。     

Distribution characteristics of minerals and elements in chromite ore processing residue

In this paper,environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is applied to characterizing the mineral and element distribution of chromite ore processing residue (COPR).The test results show that Cr-bearing brownmillerite occurs in the rim of COPR particle,while hydroandradite with Cr(Ⅵ) in its structure presents inside the COPR particle.Periclase and calcite occur in the interstitial area.Element analyses show that Ca,Fe and Al are distributed throughout the COPR particle,and Mg exists mostly in the interstitial area or on the particle surface.A lower content of Cr is evenly distributed in the COPR particle,while slightly higher concentration of Cr occurs inside the particle.It is suggested that it will take a relatively longer time for Cr to migrate out of COPR,especially for hexavalent chromium,so the leaching time and the particle size may be two important factors to affect the release of Cr(Ⅵ).