华中农大科学家揭示水稻生殖隔离机理

据2012年9月16日《光明日报》报消息,中科院院士张启发教授率领的课题组一项最新研究成果揭示了水稻籼粳亚种间生殖隔离的机理,相关论文于2012年9月14日在《科学》杂志上发表。亚洲栽培稻分为籼稻和粳稻两个亚种,籼粳亚种间的杂种优势要远大于籼粳亚种内的优势。但由于自然界普遍存在的亚种之间生殖隔离法则,籼粳稻亚种间杂种育性下降,     

水稻待测粳型亲籼系花粉育性和小穗育性的遗传研究

目的：弄清粳型亲籼系花粉育性和小穗育性的遗传规律,选育优良水稻品种.方法：3个杂交组合的亲本、杂种F1代和杂种F2代研究了待测粳型亲籼系花粉育性和小穗育性的遗传规律.结果：G2410亲籼并与籼稻的亲缘关系较远,是粳型亲籼系.粳型亲籼系花粉育性和小穗育性受多基因控制,在一个具体组合中,常受1-2个主基因和多个微效多基因控制,各主基因之间的遗传力大小常有不同,控制小穗育性的基因数比控制花粉育性的基因数更多.     

籼粳稻杂交育种效果初报

籼稻和粳稻是普通栽培稻的两个亚种,两者各有其优缺点。能否通过杂交方式取长补短,把两者的优点集合于一体,育成新品种,这是育种工作者长期探索的一个重要问题。为了考察籼粳杂交的育种效果,我们与黄冈地区农科所协作进行了研究,现将有关研究结果报道如下。一、籼粳稻杂交后代的表现情况     

最新PNAS研究证实水稻起源于中国

<正>生物通报道亚洲水稻(Oryza sativa),是世界上最古老和最重要的农作物之一。尽管关于水稻起源的争论仍在继续,人们一般认为水稻在大约9000年前被驯化。单一起源理论模型认为两个主要的亚种粳稻和籼稻都是从野生稻(O.rufipogon)驯化而来的。相反,多渠道独立驯化理论模型认为它们是各自从野生稻的不同品种中驯化而来。后一种观点由于发现粳稻和籼稻之间存在这显著的遗传差异以及多种水稻驯化进化研究而得到大量支持。研究人员通     

宁波科学家育成籼粳杂交超级稻

据2012年4月14日《科技日报》消息,宁波市农科院副院长马荣荣和团队进行了20多年的钻研,攻克了籼稻和粳稻这两个水稻亚种间进行杂交育种的难题,培育的第一代籼粳杂交稻"甬优6号"试种取得平均亩产750kg的成绩,被农     

改良的二维电泳法分离水稻小穗蛋白

介绍一种适于植物材料的二维电泳方法,并对其中各有关步骤进行了讨论。该方法特別适于含干扰等电聚焦,及含使背景显色杂质的植物材料的全蛋白分离,并可获得较高分辨率及稳定的二维电泳图谱。文中还利用这种二维电泳技术,比较了籼型广亲和水稻、籼稻,粳型广亲和水稻、粳稻小穗的蛋白质差异。     

粮食安全背景下江苏水稻生产优化布局研究

基于2005—2020年江苏水稻生产数据,运用综合比较优势、Topsis综合评价和趋势预测模型等方法对江苏各地水稻生产水平进行综合评价,指导江苏水稻生产优化布局。结果表明：江苏粳稻生产应向苏北、苏中优化布局,其中盐城、淮安、宿迁、连云港和扬州可以适度增加粳稻种植面积,泰州、南通、南京、镇江、苏州、常州、无锡应稳定粳稻种植面积;江苏籼稻生产应向淮安、宿迁、徐州和南京优化布局,盐城、连云港、扬州、泰州、常州和镇江可以适度减少籼稻种植面积,提倡“籼改粳”,并提出优化布局的政策建议。     

不同蛇含委陵菜居群遗传多样性的ISSR分析

以8个蛇含委陵菜居群为材料进行ISSR分析.从20条ISSR引物中筛选出4条稳定性强、条带清晰及多态性丰富的引物;筛选出的ISSR引物共扩增出41条带,其中39条多态性带,多态性比率为95.21%.用Ntsys2.10e软件进行UPGMA聚类分析.结果表明:蛇含委陵菜种质资源具有较高的遗传多样性,且其遗传多样性差异与生态分布和地理来源密切相关.     

水稻早世代稳定株系特有分子标记研究

SSR和ISSR分子标记已广泛应用于研究遗传行为和基因定位。在对水稻早世代稳定遗传特性的研究中,选用分布于水稻12条染色体上的168对多态性较好的SSR引物,对28个稳定株系的F_1、F_2、F_3及同组合的分离株系进行了SSR标记分析；选用26个多态性较好的ISSR引物对5个组合中出现的8个稳定株系及同组合的分离株系进行了ISSR分子标记。结果显示：稳定株系的标记带型出现三种类型：(1)母本带出现,父本带消失；(2)父本带出现,母本带消失；(3)出现非父母标记带型。分离株系表现为杂合标记带。推测水稻早世代稳定是在遗传因子作用下,在杂交受精或合子早期发育中发生了双亲染色体重排,形成纯合的F_1单株。     

水稻籼粳广亲和性基困的研究进展

本文从四个方面综述了有关水稻籼粳广亲和性基因的研究现状。水稻籼粳广亲和性基因的遗传行为简单、是育种上一种重要的遗传工具。通过育种上的转育可将这一基因从原始籼粳广亲和性材料中转育到农艺性状优良的品种中,这对于水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势的利用,特别是对于通过培育籼粳亚种间杂交水稻来利用更高程度的杂种优势将具有重大的意义。     

湖州市杂交晚粳“甬优538”机插高产栽培技术

"甬优538"是宁波市种子有限公司育成的籼粳杂交晚稻新品种(偏粳),在湖州市种植,表现出综合性状好,生育期适宜,株高适中,壮秆大穗、具有超高产潜力等特点,适宜在湖州市作单季稻种植。为促进该品种在湖州市的推广种值,分析了"甬优538"在湖州市机插种植的产量表现及特征特性,形成并总结出了机插高产栽培技术。     

Comparative mapping of QTLs for Al tolerance in rice and identification of positional Al-induced genes

INTRODUCTION Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the mostimportant yield-limiting factors for crop grown onacid upland and lowland acid sulphate soils (IRRI,1978). Al toxicity results in a reduced and damagedroot system, which in turn causes the affectedplants to be susceptible to drought stress and min-eral nutrient deficiencies (Foy, 1988). The physio-logical and biochemical mechanisms of the toxiceffect of Al on root elongation had been extensivelyinvestigated (Matsumoto, 2000). T…     

Comparative mapping of QTLs for Al tolerance in rice and identification of positional Al-induced genes

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major factor limiting crop productivity in acid soils. In this study, a recombinant inbreed line (RIL) population derived from a cross between an A1 sensitive lowland indica rice variety IR1552 and an Al tolerant upland japonica rice variety Azucena, was used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for A1 tolerance. Three QTLs for relative root length (RRL) were detected on chromosome 1, 9, 12, respectively, and I QTL for root length under Al stress is identical on chromosome I after one week and two weeks stress. Comparison of QTLs on chromosome 1 from different studies indicated an identical interval between C86 and RZ801 with gene(s) for Al tolerance. This interval provides an important start point for isolating genes responsible for A1 tolerance and understanding the genetic nature of Al tolerance in rice. Four Al induced ESTs located in this interval were screened by reverse Northern analysis and confirmed by Northern analysis. They would be candidate genes for the QTL.     

Production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza meyeriana L.

Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O. sativa and O. meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.     

Production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa L.and Oryza meyeriana L.

Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O. sativa and O. meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice bfeeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.     

Production of bacterial blight resistant lines from somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza meyeriana L.

Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O. sativa and O. meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance. Project (No. 98001) supported by Ningbo Agriculture Key Scientific Research Foundation, China     

SSR分子标记技术在遗传学实验教学中的应用

该实验是科研成果转化为实验教学的一个案例。选择位于水稻不同连锁群上的6对SSR引物构建了2个杂交稻及其亲本的SSR指纹图谱,建立了一套适合于本科生实验的杂交水稻亲本鉴定的稳定的SSR技术体系。筛选的6对引物进行PCR扩增得到的杂交稻均有2条带。由SSR指纹图谱分析可得:杂交稻P5的亲本是P2和P4,P6的亲本是P1和P3。通过本实验巩固了学生关于分离定律的学习,并有所延伸。