一个力学问题的一对内力做功的探讨

质点系的一对内力做功与否对解决质点系问题至关重要.本文详细探讨了一个典型力学问题的一对内力做功的问题,给出了细致的推证.结果表明,一对内力分别做了功,但做的总功却等于零;并指出了存在的推理欠缺,进行了必要的方法讨论,提出了解决此类力学问题的方法.     

当前中职教师面临的问题与对策

文章对当前广东省当前中职学校教师队伍建设中所存在的"只会说不会做"、"只会做不会说"、"既不会说也不会做"问题进行了较为深入的分析,并有针对性地提出了较为实用的解决措施。     

论元认知分析在中学数学问题解决中的应用

通过对当前元认知与数学问题解决的关系进行粗略的研究。浅谈元认知对数学问题解决所起的作用。首先从元认知的结构出发,接着结合一定的数学问题实例,对元认知在数学问题解决中起到的作用略做探讨,并提供了一些数学问题解决中元认知能力的培养策略,关于这方面的研究,对认知心理学和数学教育都是很有意义的。     

三年级学生解决实际问题能力的调查和分析

数学课程改革重视培养学生解决实际问题的能力,因而对传统的应用题教学做了较大幅度的调整。这样的调整所取得的教学效果如何,需要进行具体深入的分析。我们以问卷的形式对三年级学生解决实际问题的能力进行了一次调查,并据此提出一些有针对性的教学建议。     

新疆和田地区维汉双语教育的调查报告

本文首先对和田地区中小学的双语教育调查情况做了总结,列举了调查中发现的问题,并对相关的问题提出了解决方法。     

对一道试题的背景探源与拓展分析

本文通过对一类抛物线的定点弦问题的研究,得到了解决2022年全国甲卷理科第20题的简捷解法,并对此类问题做了推广。     

解决丘陵山区人畜饮水困难的实践与启示

镇江市的丘陵山区水资源相对欠缺，随着经济的发展，切实解决人畜饮水的问题就显得非常迫切。为解决这个问题，镇江市有关职能部门做了大量的工作，笔对所做工作进行了总结分析，并提出了几点建设性的启示。     

论有利于德育实效性的辅导员职业化路径

目前,我国高校的大学生德育工作存在一些问题,辅导员职业化既是解决本身队伍问题的关键又是解决高校德育实效性的有效途径。并对有利于德育实效性的辅导员职业化的五条路径做了尝试性探讨。     

成年人在学习英语时存在的问题及解决方法

对成人在学习英语时存在的问题和困难做了分析、比较并提出解决方法。     

默会知识视角下问题解决能力的教学模式研究

问题解决能力是21世纪人才的核心技能。研究表明,个体的默会知识对问题解决能力有非常重要的影响。文章在分析默会知识对问题解决能力作用的基础上,通过研究默会知识的特征和学习规律,剖析基于问题的教学模式对学习默会知识的适切性,并将其做适当改进,每一教学步骤均以心理认知发展阶段为支撑,着重体现默会知识的建构过程,以更加适用于学生问题解决能力的培养。     

数学解题中隐含条件的挖掘与转化

在数学解题过程中,很多同学思维方式呆板直接,考虑问题公式化、模式化,不能抓住题目条件中的隐含条件,从而使解法得以简化。从五个方面,以例题形式给出不同的解题方法,意在拓宽解题思路,挖掘题目中的内涵,将复杂问题转化为简单问题,使大家在数学学习中多角度、深层次地分析题目的要求,领会题目考察的目的,从而得到意想不到的收获。     

The effects of informational complexity and working memory on problem-solving efficiency

This study investigated the influence of informational complexity and working memory capacity on problem-solving efficiency. We examined two predictions of thesituational efficiency hypothesis, which states that the efficiency of problem solving varies as a function of situational constraints. One prediction is that informational complexity affects problem-solving efficiency. A second prediction is that working memory capacity affects problem-solving efficiency. Students completed a working memory task and solved abstract and concrete syllogisms. Participants solved abstract syllogisms more accurately than concrete syllogisms and spent more time solving abstract syllogisms. Thus participants demonstrated greater problem-solving efficiency when solving concrete syllogisms. Results indicate that there is a trade-off between problem-solving accuracy and problem-solving time when information differs with respect to informational complexity, a phenomenon we refer to as theefficiency paradox. Working memory capacity did not affect accuracy or efficiency. The results support the conclusion that problem-solving efficiency is situational and a function of the complexity of information. Educational implications and directions for future research are suggested.     

初中数学解题中侧向思维的有效应用

提高学生的解题能力是初中数学教学的重点。初中数学习题灵活多变,解题方法多种多样,为促进学生解题能力更好地提升,教师会为学生讲解相关的解题思维。其中侧向思维是一种迂回思维,既能帮助学生更好地破题,又能简化解题步骤,提高解题效率,因此,教学中应结合具体例题,为学生讲解侧向思维的具体应用,给其以后的解题带来良好的指引。     

The learning analytics of model-based learning facilitated by a problem-solving simulation game

This study investigated students’ modeling progress and strategies in a problem-solving simulation game through content analysis, and through supervised and unsupervised lag sequential analysis (LSA). Multiple data sources, including self-report models and activity logs, were collected from 25 senior high school students. The results of the content analysis found that the problem-solving simulation game helped most of the students to reflectively play with the science problem and build a workable model to solve it. By using the supervised LSA, it was found that the students who successful solved the game frequently linked the game contexts with the physics terminologies, while those who did not solve the problem simply relied on the intuitive knowledge provided in the reference materials. Furthermore, the unsupervised LSA identified four activity patterns that were not noticed in the supervised LSA: the fragmented, reference material centered, reference material aided modeling, and modeling centered patterns. Each pattern has certain associations with certain problem-solving outcomes. The results of this study also shed light on the use of different analytics techniques. While the supervised LSA is particularly helpful for depicting a contrast of activity patterns between two specific student groups, the unsupervised LSA is able to identify hidden significant patterns which were not clearly distinguished in the pre-defined student groups. Researchers may find these analytics techniques useful for analyzing students’ learning processes.     

试论基于非良构问题解决的成人教学策略

非良构问题是广泛存在于日常生活和职业实践中的一类问题。对于成人学习者来说,非良构问题解决技能直接关系到他们能否有效、顺利地解决实践中的复杂问题。因此,在成人教学的过程中,有效的教学策略应以非良构问题解决为基础。基于非良构问题解决的成人教学策略源于建构主义和情境认知理论,具体可以围绕形成问题情境过程、协助问题解决过程和执行评估监控过程展开。     

Computational What? Relating Computational Thinking to Teaching

Computational thinking is one of the skills critical for successfully solving problems posed in a technology driven and complex society. The limited opportunities in school settings to help students develop computational thinking skills underscores the need for helping teachers integrate it in their practices. Besides developing the knowledge of technology, content, and pedagogy, teachers need to recognize the relevance of computational thinking to their teaching, a factor influencing their future practice with it. Drawing from the literature on problem-solving and TPACK framework, this paper discusses strategies, including content-specific examples, problem-solving nature of computational thinking, and the methods of teaching problem-solving for enabling teachers to make the connections between computational thinking and their practices.     

Analysing student written solutions to investigate if problem-solving processes are evident throughout

An interdisciplinary science course has been implemented at a university with the intention of providing students the opportunity to develop a range of key skills in relation to: real-world connections of science, problem-solving, information and communications technology use and team while linking subject knowledge in each of the science disciplines. One of the problems used in this interdisciplinary course has been selected to evaluate if it affords students the opportunity to explicitly display problem-solving processes. While the benefits of implementing problem-based learning have been well reported, far less research has been devoted to methods of assessing student problem-solving solutions. A problem-solving theoretical framework was used as a tool to assess student written solutions to indicate if problem-solving processes were present. In two academic years, student problem-solving processes were satisfactory for exploring and understanding, representing and formulating, and planning and executing, indicating that student collaboration on problems is a good initiator of developing these processes. In both academic years, students displayed poor monitoring and reflecting (MR) processes at the intermediate level. A key impact of evaluating student work in this way is that it facilitated meaningful feedback about the students’ problem-solving process rather than solely assessing the correctness of problem solutions.     

The Missing Curriculum in Physics Problem-Solving Education

Physics is often seen as an excellent introduction to science because it allows students to learn not only the laws governing the world around them, but also, through the problems students solve, a way of thinking which is conducive to solving problems outside of physics and even outside of science. In this article, we contest this latter idea and argue that in physics classes, students do not learn widely applicable problem-solving skills because physics education almost exclusively requires students to solve well-defined problems rather than the less-defined problems which better model problem solving outside of a formal class. Using personal, constructed, and the historical accounts of Schrödinger’s development of the wave equation and Feynman’s development of path integrals, we argue that what is missing in problem-solving education is practice in identifying gaps in knowledge and in framing these knowledge gaps as questions of the kind answerable using techniques students have learned. We discuss why these elements are typically not taught as part of the problem-solving curriculum and end with suggestions on how to incorporate these missing elements into physics classes.     

The relation between stressful life events and adjustment in elementary school children: the role of social support and social problem-solving skills

This study investigated the relation between stressful life events and adjustment in elementary school children, with particular emphasis on the potential main and stress-buffering effects of social support and social problem-solving skills. Third through fifth graders (N = 361) completed social support and social problem-solving measures. Their parents provided ratings of stress in the child's environment and ratings of the child's behavioral adjustment. Teachers provided ratings of the children's behavioral and academic adjustment. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed significant stress-buffering effects for social support and problem-solving skills on teacher-rated behavior problems, that is, higher levels of social support and problem-solving skills moderated the relation between stressful life events and behavior problems. A similar stress-buffering effect was found for problem-solving skills on grade-point average and parent-rated behavior problems. In terms of children's competent behaviors, analyses supported a main effect model of social support and problem-solving. Possible processes accounting for the main and stress-buffering effects are discussed.