牛津大学弱势群体入学机会保障政策研究:内容、成效与挑战

作为一所精英大学,牛津大学一直致力于保障弱势群体的高等教育入学机会,形成了一套弱势群体入学机会保障政策体系,包含制度保障、学业保障、宣传保障、录取保障和经济保障.牛津大学弱势群体入学机会保障政策取得了较为明显的成效,可为我国相关政策的改革与完善提供借鉴:构建"输血与造血"相结合的弱势群体入学机会保障政策体系,重视政策的宣传与联动,切实关注弱势群体学生的发展机会等.     

从精英到大众:战后英国高校招生政策评述

战后60多年来,英国高等教育规模不断扩大,特别是在20世纪60年代至90年代,英国高等教育实现了从精英向大众的转变,目前正快速向普及化迈进。高等教育规模的扩大并没有从根本上改变入学机会不公的现象,改革招生政策,实现高等教育机会平等一直是这一时期的主旋律。招生政策变革经历了三个阶段,代表性的政策文件分别是《罗宾斯报告》、《迪英尔报告》和《2004年高等教育法》,变革的焦点集中在入学途径、入学公平和财政资助。     

美国高等教育入学机会的州际公平北大核心CSSCI

通过对美国高校数量与高校规模的州际比较发现,美国高等教育布局并未对州际高等教育入学机会的公平产生较大的影响。高中毕业生的州际流动在一定程度上保障了高等教育入学机会的公平,其内在机制主要体现在基于市场机制的高等教育资源配置方式,基于政策调控的高等教育资助机制,基于学术自治的高校招生自主权。     

我国高考制度保障高等教育入学机会公平的不足

高考制度对高等教育入学机会公平保障的不足可以分为系统性不足和制度性不足。系统性的问题只能够通过提供均衡的初、中等教育来解决。运用纯粹的程序公正理论研究高等教育入学机会公平问题后发现,我国的高考制度由于复读成本过高、志愿填报难度过大、落榜风险过大等原因,还造成一些制度性高等教育入学机会公平的不足,而这些不足可以通过改进高等教育录取工作的制度安排和增加高等教育录取工作的工作量来改善。     

我国高考制度保障高等教育入学机会公平的不足

高考制度对高等教育入学机会公平保障的不足可以分为系统性不足和制度性不足。系统性的问题只能够通过提供均衡的初、中等教育来解决。运用纯粹的程序公正理论研究高等教育入学机会公平问题后发现,我国的高考制度由于复读成本过高、志愿填报难度过大、落榜风险过大等原因,还造成一些制度性高等教育入学机会公平的不足,而这些不足可以通过改进高等教育录取工作的制度安排和增加高等教育录取工作的工作量来改善。     

入学公平与欧洲高等教育改革

高校规模扩张曾经是欧洲各国推进高等教育公平的重要策略。但扩张的政策并未取得预期结果,并没有充分满足处于不利社会经济地位阶层接受高等教育的愿望。因此,2000年以后,为进一步推进高等教育入学机会的公平,欧洲很多国家颁布了多项政策与措施,包括:进一步扩张高校规模,以吸纳更多入学人数;给予学生学业补偿方面的优惠政策,以充分保障来自社会经济地位较低家庭的学生入学机会;通过各种措施与途径,平衡家庭收入、所处社会阶层对高等教育入学的影响。     

少数民族高等教育入学机会的回顾与思考——评《中国少数民族高等教育入学机会变迁研究》

中国少数民族高等教育作为当代高等教育重要组成部分,对于我国维持地域平衡发展具有重要的意义。由杨倩编著的《中国少数民族高等教育入学机会变迁研究》(山东人民出版社2017年9月出版),对不同地区、不同阶层以及城乡的不同少数民族高等教育入学机会的差异,进行了具体分析,考察了少数民族高等教育入学机会的现实状况。从地区、阶层、城乡二元结构等多个角度出发,揭示了民族教育入学机会竞争的变化,为当下少数民族高等教育入学机会变迁研究提供了重要借鉴。     

高校扩招以来我国高等教育入学机会省际不平等的变化趋势

基于1998-2021年我国高考分省录取数据,从高等教育总体、本科和一本等三个维度分析高校扩招政策实施24年间的省域高等教育入学机会与省际不平等的状况及其变化趋势。采用当年入学率测量省域高等教育入学机会,发现省域高等教育入学机会呈现明显的“模式化”特征,表现为低录取、较低录取、中等录取、较高录取和高录取等五个模式,且各模式省份的当年入学率均值均呈快速上升趋势。采用基尼系数和泰尔指数测量高等教育入学机会省际不平等,发现高等教育入学机会总体、本科和一本入学机会的省际不平等程度均较低,但近年来有扩大之势。因此,建议依据各省份的当年入学率精细化调整高等教育入学机会的区域倾斜政策,并重点改善本科和一本层次高等教育入学机会的省际不平等。     

我国高等教育入学机会公平政策的多样性分析

基于罗尔斯“简单平等观”和沃尔泽“复合平等观”的分析视角，中国高等教育入学机会公平政策具有多样性的三重维度。受教育权的平等性和政策程序的平等性体现了多样性的平等性之维；地域性补偿和群体性补偿彰显了多样性的补偿性之维；“多元化适己”“差异化适己”则展现了多样性的适己性之维。三者分别作为高等教育入学机会公平政策的底线、保障与高阶要求，层层递进、相互促进，共同构成政策的多样性特征。     

教育福利视角下英美促进高等教育入学机会公平政策比较

高等教育公平一直是政策研究关注的重点,研究者在梳理英美两国促进高等教育入学机会公平政策演进历程的基础上,运用吉尔伯特和特雷尔社会福利政策框架,围绕为谁提供政策、提供什么政策、如何提供政策以及如何筹集经费四个方面,对其进行分析和比较,总结出两国促进高等教育入学机会公平政策的特点。中国促进高等教育入学机会公平政策制定和实施可借鉴相关经验,细化弱势群体识别办法,精准定位政策惠及对象;调整公平政策内容供给,凸显改善地区教育导向;优化公平政策实施策略,构建促进公平长效机制;拓展工作经费筹措渠道,注重弱势群体全程关怀。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…