微波干燥香菇试验研究

进行微波干燥香菇试验，得到物料温度特性、失水特性和较佳工艺参数组合。同热风、远红外干燥香菇作了比较，表明微波干燥香菇优于热风、远红外干燥。并进行了微波干燥香菇的数学模型回归，从理论上分析了温度分布规律。     

远红外对流组合谷物干燥换热管热风温度的试验研究

基于近年来国内外学者提出的节能保质干燥理念,提出了一种设计方案。本文利用远红外与对流联合的干燥方法,在自制远红外对流谷物干燥换热管试验台上进行试验,针对远红外对流组合干燥换热管出口热风温度变化规律进行全面的试验研究与分析,探索换热过程中参数之间的内在联系和相互影响。实施二次正交旋转回归试验设计,得到回归方程,并对换热管出口热风温度相应曲面进行了分析,得到各参数之间对换热管出口热风温度的影响关系。     

白肋烟干燥过程动力学及感官质量变化特征分析

基于烟草固定床式对流干燥试验装置,以3种不同地区、部位和等级白肋烟为原料,针对白肋烟烘焙(干燥)过程,建立适合描述白肋烟干燥过程的动力学模型,同时进行感官质量评吸,并对干燥过程特征与感官质量之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明:①对于3种白肋烟在不同实验条件下的烘焙过程,利用干燥动力学模型计算得到的数据与实验数据的相关系数平方均高于0.95,说明该模型能够较好地表征白肋烟的干燥过程;②分别从风格特征、丰满程度、杂气、刺激性、余味、劲头及总分等方面考察了白肋烟在烘焙过程中感官质量的变化;并利用所建立模型计算得到的有效扩散系数(De),对白肋烟干燥过程的强度进行排序,分析发现不同处理强度下的感官质量特征均呈现较好的规律性。实际生产中可根据配方设计的需要,选择对应的处理条件,使白肋烟品质达到较佳水平。     

浅析中药制药干燥工艺过程技术的工程化

在干燥过程中,实验装置连续记录干燥样品质量和温度变化数据,通过基于实验数据的过程分析,得出干燥过程的主要影响参数及其主要特征。     

牵引变压器真空干燥后铁心生锈原因分析及处理

本文阐述了在生产过程中会造成变压器干燥后出现铁心生锈相关原因。并根据现场的经验,总结出相应的解决措施。对工装设备及变压器制造过程相关工艺参数、工艺方法进行了改进。     

红外热风联合干燥对紫花苜蓿营养成分的影响

为提高紫花苜蓿干燥效率和均匀性,降低苜蓿在干燥过程中的营养损失,文章使用红外热风联合干燥机对紫花苜蓿进行干燥试验,通过单因素试验,分析热风风速、红外辐射距离、干燥温度各因素在不同水平下对紫花苜蓿含水率的影响,找到较快达到安全含水率的工艺参数值,在得出的参数范围内,以苜蓿粗蛋白、粗纤维的含量为指标设计多因子曲面响应试验,建立回归模型,求解得出该试验下最优参数组合为热风风速3 m/s、干燥温度77.36℃、辐射距离75.9 mm。通过合理的红外热风联合干燥工艺,有效提高干燥效率,降低苜蓿中营养成分的损失,为苜蓿干草的后续加工提供品质保障。     

辣椒的干燥特性研究

胡椒、辣子是人们需要的每日调味品,对健康有益。随着中国加入WTO,农产品出口量不断增加,辣椒需求量不断增加。辣椒干燥的工业化和机械化势在必行。热风干燥是一种简单、经济和廉价的干燥方法。本实验研究了辣椒的热风干燥特性。选取热风温度,风速和加载厚度作为辣椒干燥的影响因素,对辣椒进行干燥动力学测试,得到辣椒的干燥特性曲线。选择热风温度、风速、负荷厚度和干燥时间作为辣椒失水率的正交试验因子,找出影响辣椒失水率的主要因素和最佳组合因子。热风温度,风速和负荷厚度是影响因素。对辣椒干品质进行正交试验研究,分析其主次因素,显着性程度和最佳组合因素。通过二次回归设计,建立了辣椒失水率和干品质的回归方程,并对其意义进行了检验。试验结果表明辣椒的热风干燥特性,分析了各种影响因素对辣椒干燥的影响,得出了辣椒干燥工艺参数与失水率和干燥质量评价指标的最佳组合。分析了热风温度和风速对干燥质量和干燥失水率的影响,建立了回归数学模型。本文的实验研究和分析结果为今后进一步研究辣椒干燥技术打下了坚实的基础,为干燥机的设计提供了依据。     

谈木材干燥预热时间

预热是木材干燥的重要环节，它对减少干燥缺陷、缩短干燥时间都具有非常重要的作用。如果预热时间不够，容易引起干燥过程中锯材发生开裂现象，并延长干燥时间。若预热过头，则又会造成能源的巨大浪费。目前，在实际生产过程中，一般仅依据板材厚度来确定预热时间，而不考虑预热温度、木材含水率、树种的影响，这既不科学，又可能引起干燥质量和能源浪费的问题。所以科学、合理的确定预热时间，可以在保证干燥质量的前提下，节省大量的能源，具有重要的现实意义。本文对木材的预热时间进行了理论计算，通过实验方法对运算结果进行了验证，并将试验数据与经验预热时间进行了对比分析，讨论了影响木材预热时间的因素。     

不同实验条件下干燥速率曲线的测定

工业中的干燥处理是指利用热能除去固体物料中的湿份（水或其他溶剂）,使其达到要求湿度的单元操作过程。本研究在实验室内利用干燥器,采用完全湿透的帆布作为测试原料,考察了不同实验条件下的干燥过程,标定出干燥速率曲线,验证了干燥机理和干燥速率的影响因素。     

粮食干燥智能控制系统的研究与实现

通过研究粮食干燥环节含水率的动态变化及其关联因素,以粮食含水率和干燥时间为主要控制参数,引入分段干燥系数,提出了粮食干燥系统的智能控制方法,并设计了基于DSP的智能控制系统,实现了粮食干燥过程中的品质在线检测和识别的有效控制,解决了目前粮食干燥设备中存在的非稳态过程控制精度低、粮食损耗大、费用高等问题.并通过干燥试验得出,分段烘干,优化各干燥段的干燥系数,可以获得最佳干燥效果.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.