Ombuds processes and disputant reconciliation

Effective dispute resolution systems are critical to the functioning of large universities and organizations. However, the design of dispute resolution systems is often inadequate to achieving the stated goals of the system. Analysis of the cases of 45 disputants reveals how the design of a university dispute system and the social context can prevent an ombudsperson from successfully reconciling relationships. This study shows how a dispute system that generally failed to utilize face-to-face meetings or mediation techniques between disputants in a social context of fear and limited social ties was unable to reconcile or preserve working relationships. Analysis from normative pragmatic and social contextual approaches to disputing provides a mechanism for understanding the problems encountered by this ombudsperson and provides a tool for designing more effective dispute resolution systems.     

A Normative Approach to Shaping College Students' Attitudes Toward Organ Donation

This study tested the effects of normative influence on increasing college students' attitudes, intentions, and willingness to communicate about organ and tissue donation (OTD). It was hypothesized that students would look to their peers (referent group) in forming their own attitudes about organ donation. Three hundred thirty-nine (N = 339) participants were randomly assigned to one of five experimental conditions: (1) control group; (2) general referent/normative message group; (3) specific referent/normative message group; (4) general referent/counternormative message group; and (5) specific referent/counternormative message group. An interaction effect was predicted between message type (normative > counternormative) and attributed message source (specific referent > general referent). Students reported highly favorable attitudes toward OTD, moderate-to-high levels of intentions to become organ donors and willingness to communicate about OTD. The hypothesis that participants within the normative message condition would report more favorable attitudes, intentions, and willingness to communicate about OTD compared to participants within the counternormative message condition was supported for participants' willingness to communicate about OTD. The second hypothesis that participants within the specific referent condition would express more favorable attitudes, intentions, and willingness to communicate was rejected.     

Enhancing Communication Interventions and Evaluations through Communication Design

Communication design is first and foremost about creating, engineering, or critiquing approaches to communication that achieve specific goals or values. A design approach acts as an integrative perspective for finding the relevance of theory to a specific site of intervention. Communication design processes are illustrated through work on ombuds processes and organ donation campaigns. This research highlights four propositions related to communication design. First, design should be about both creation and critique. Second, design is complementary to, and strengthens, theory (and vice versa). Third, design can be both unique to an intervention or context and iterative from previous designs. Finally, design helps us uncover unexpected and unintended consequences, uncovering hidden properties of communication and leading to opportunities for modifying and correcting communication practices. These unintended consequences and other design successes and failures provide opportunities for learning and creating better systems. In these ways, a commitment to design processes strengthens both our research and our practice of communication across a variety of communication contexts and across different levels of communication.     

Internet Connectedness and its Social Origins: An Ecological Approach to Postaccess Digital Divides

This study examines the influence of sociocultural factors on the level of “Internet connectedness.” The Internet Connectedness Index (ICI), composed of five items, is modified and applied to measure disparities in the ways in which people use the Internet. With a dataset of 384 randomly selected telephone survey respondents, the ICI is regressed on various social indicators. The result indicates that technological environments, social environments, and the scope and intensity of Internet-related goals significantly influence individuals' Internet connectedness. This finding highlights that even after people gain access to the Internet, the ways they incorporate the Internet into their everyday lives differ, and that the differences reflect disparities in the multiple dimensions of the social context in which individuals are situated.     

Contamination and Camouflage in Euphemisms

The study reports a factor analytic investigation of the interpersonal attraction construct. Two‐hundred and fifteen subjects completed 30 Likert‐type, seven‐step scales concerning an acquaintance. Factor analysis indicated three dimensions of the interpersonal attraction construct which were labeled “task” “social” and “physical.” The results of this study and four replications suggest that the resulting 15‐item instrument can be expected to measure reliably three dimensions of interpersonal attraction.     

Meanings of talk about the transition to retirement: Connecting macro and micro discourses

ABSTRACT

This study integrates the normative theory of social support and organizational discourse perspectives to examine the meanings of baby boomers’ talk about changes associated with the transition to retirement, and how this talk connects to societal Discourses. Analysis of interviews with 43 participants (21 couples) revealed that talk about changes associated with money and time implicated multiple task, identity, and relational meanings. Drawing connections between talk and Discourse about finances was relatively straightforward, whereas there was more disjuncture regarding time. Results suggest that participants were easily able to talk about financial issues, perhaps because of more prominent Discourse, but found discussing identity and relational aspects of spending time in retirement more difficult, perhaps due to a lack of Discourse.     

合适的链接 最佳的服务——SFX与CrossRef/DOI交互作用探讨

介绍基于OpenURL的SFX Context Sensitive Linking和基于DOI的CrossRef这两种目前主流的动态链接系统。指出SFX具有本地化、互操作性强和可定制的特点，能够针对用户对资源的可获得性给出合适的链接；CrossRef链接直接指向出版社文献信息网页，链接准确稳定，但不适合用户获取最终文献。讨论CrossRef链接存在的问题，分析SFX的特点，并在此基础上提出将SFX与CrossRef/DOI结合使用的方法，指出这将增强和完善SFX的链接功能，同时解决CrossRef/DOI合适链接的问题。     

Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation through Recognition: Assessing an Integrated Peace Media Strategy in Kenya

This research analyzes a peace-media initiative in Kenya designed to promote conflict resolution and reconciliation in the months following the 2007 post-election violence. This multifaceted intervention featured a 19-episode television talk show that aired in Kenya for six months; a series of open-air screenings of the show; and workshops held in eight areas heavily affected by the violence. Using criteria for evaluating “media for peace,” I evaluate the effectiveness of the program strategy and provide recommendations for practitioners and researchers. Based on interview data, and analysis of internal documents and the talk show, I assess the program's effectiveness and offer suggestions, which can be used by both practitioners and academics interested in peace media. In addition, the findings suggest that recognition of the other was an important part of the conflict resolution process as workshop members recognized their “enemies” and Kenyans from disparate parts of the country as similar to themselves in their experience of the violence. This research contributes to our understanding of the implementation of media-for-peace initiatives using a systemic evaluation process that academics and practitioners can use when designing, implementing, and researching these types of programs.     

社会情景感知计算及其关键技术研究

[目的/意义]对社会情景感知计算研究对象、特征及关键技术进行总结和分析。[方法/过程]基于文献调研,以社会情景的概念为出发点,从社会情景感知系统的视角,对社会情景获取、社会情景建模、社会情景推理、安全与隐私四个模块的关键理论和技术进行探讨。[结果/结论]总结社会情景的五个描述维度;论述社会情景感知计算与传统情景感知计算的区别与联系;对比分析社会情景感知计算关键技术的特点和适用性,为社会情景感知计算研究关键技术的选择与应用提供理论依据和参考。     

Understanding and Managing Others: The Impact of Social Intelligence upon Social Influence

The present study provided support for the relevance of social intelligence—to social influence. Consistent with but extending past research, recognizing situational influences (i.e., discriminative facility) was associated with effective social interactions. In particular, individuals high in discriminative facility demonstrated greater flexibility when considering influence tactics than individuals low in discriminative facility.     

社会转型中的新闻评论与社会规范

在社会转型中以习惯、道德、法律为表现形态的社会规范,仍然应该是言论的准则,对于新闻评论产生重要的影响。新闻评论的一般性规范包括自由民主法治开放的精神,提倡自由民主的讨论,为受众提供表达不同意见的机会;坚持国家利益原则;坚持公平正义平等的原则;坚持公共利益原则;坚持理性客观的原则;坚持以人为本的原则,尊重基本人权。     

社会网络分析方法在国内医药卫生领域的应用及启示

近年来,社会网络分析一直是学术界的研究热点,并在多个领域得以应用、发展。简要介绍了社会网络分析的基本理论与研究方法,分析了近年来此方法在国内医药卫生领域的应用,总结了其重要的研究热点,即运用了可视化工具,探测医学领域的研究进展与热点,作者和机构间的合作网络等,并指出其不足,为我国医药卫生研究提供方法性借鉴。     

Company Facebook and Organizational Identification

This study examined links between organizational Facebook pages and employee connection to the larger organization. Employee interaction with their company’s Facebook page was linked to higher levels of organizational identification and bridging social capital outcomes. Bridging social capital outcomes was also associated with organizational identification. Results indicate that the company Facebook page, considered primarily as a tool to engage external stakeholders, may also function to engage employees.     

社会标注在医药卫生网络资源中的应用研究

以社会标注在医药卫生网络信息资源中的典型应用网站为研究对象,介绍社会标注在医药卫生网络信息资源组织与管理中的具体应用,分析指出：社会标注在医药卫生资源管理中可实现信息组织、信息检索、信息推荐、信息分享等功能和服务,在医药卫生信息资源的有效组织与揭示、快速传播和利用及挖掘领域中的关注热点和主题等方面具有重要作用。但是,社会标注在医药卫生网络资源网站中的应用也存在对标签缺乏控制和控制过死、个性化服务能力有限和对标注数据的利用不足等问题,作者对此提出针对性的改进建议。     

Forming Oppositional Social Concord to California's Proposition 187 and Squelching Social Discord in the Vernacular Space of CHICLE

I examine the vernacular discourse of the CHICLE listserv, an academic site of inquiry that shifted its focus to operate as a site of opposition following California voters’ passage of Proposition 187, which aimed to restrict state services to undocumented immigrants. I identify the micro-level processes involved in forming a stance of opposition and reveal that a vernacular community's discourse tends to mirror the hegemonic characteristics of the dominant discourses it opposes, a tendency reinforced by homogeneous identity and a need to respond in opposition to dominant discourses. I also examine the role of dissent, or discord, among listserv members.     

高校社科查新现状、问题及对策探讨

论文介绍了高校采用的社科研究评价方法,指出完善社科评价体系的关键在于建立社科查新制度。随后,对江南大学教育部科技查新站L08 2004—2010年间受理的社科查新项目从年份、查新范围、查新目的等角度进行了统计分析,最后从信息资源、评价指标、人员队伍三方面指出高校社科查新实践中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

Out of Sight, (Not Yet) Out of Mind: The Impact of Tie Strength on Direct Interaction and Social Surveillance Among Geographically Close and Long-Distance Facebook Friends

Social networking sites are considered a valuable resource to maintain existing friendships even over considerable distances. The present study emphasizes tie strength as a crucial determinant for the use of interactive and passive features among 302 active Facebook users and friends of different relational closeness (close friends vs. casual friends vs. acquaintances) as well as a moderator for the impact of physical distance. As expected, tie strength affected direct interaction linearly, whereas social surveillance followed a quadratic trend. Furthermore, moderation analyses revealed less frequent direct interaction between close friends and stronger surveillance of casual friends’ profiles as physical distance increases. These results indicate different functions in relationship maintenance for both behaviors as direct interaction aims at nurturing current relationships, while surveillance serves as a catalyst for promising future communications. As a consequence, physical distance influences direct interaction adversely due to emerging constraints but also contains informational value encouraging information-seeking behaviors.