档案收集工作理念探索

档案收集工作是档案工作的起点,为档案工作提供实际的管理对象,是档案工作中一项极为重要的基础性工作,是贯彻档案集中统一管理原则的重要内容和首要措施,对于整个档案工作的质量有着重要的影响.     

Material properties of historic parchment: A reference collection survey

Historic parchment is a complex biological material, and due to various methods of production or inks used, unknown environmental histories of objects and heterogeneous nature of animal skin, it represents a particular analytical challenge. Due to the number of variables it is likely that patterns in degradation of these historic objects can only be revealed by surveying the material properties of a significant number of real objects. In this work, a sacrificial collection of ca. 100 historic parchments (fifteenth to twentieth century) was characterized using a range of techniques available to conservation practitioners that can usefully be used to reliably and rapidly characterize parchment. We focused on micro-destructive methods, such as shrinkage temperature (T_s), as the most widely used indicator of parchment degradation. Lipid content, roughness, and ink pH were additionally measured, while a limited number of samples containing iron gall ink were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM-EDX, to explore the distribution of ink components. Even in the absence of detailed environmental histories, it is possible to acknowledge the significance of the effect of iron gall ink and its acidity, and of lipids on parchment degradation, as measured using T_s. This research reports valuable reference data, while the collection remains accessible for further research.     

A CATLINE SDI for the reference department: collection development and current awareness tool

A method for using a CATLINE SDI (selected dissemination of information) as a current awareness and collection development tool for the health sciences reference department is described. This paper reports three years of experience with this service in an academic health sciences library. It emphasizes the exploitation of four data elements in the CATLINE file: the Abstracting and Indexing Tag (AI) Data Element; the Shelving Location (SL) Data Element; the MeSH Heading (MH) Data Element; the Subheading Qualifier (SH) Data Element.     

Health sciences librarians' reference services during a disaster: more than collection protection

Reliable and timely professional information services are always important, but even more so during a community-wide disaster, like the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. There are classes and literature on planning for library collection protection in local emergencies, but little about planning for reference and information services. Four accounts from South Louisiana in September of 2005 demonstrate the value of proactive and innovative services based on professional information needs analysis skills. More study of such cases could lead to the development of best practice guidelines for the planning and provision of disaster information services.     

Migration to an electronic journal collection in a hospital library: implications for reference service

This article provides a perspective on the migration to an electronic-only journal collection in a hospital library and its effect on reference services, information-seeking, and library use patterns. Bellevue Hospital Center in New York, NY is one of the first major teaching hospitals in the United States to begin a fundamental shift to a current, electronic-only journal collection. This article describes the process and develops a model for use by other hospital libraries, with commentary on the impact on reference services to library users. Key findings are that physicians, residents, and nurses have come to expect electronic journal collections and use the Internet in the hospital library to access electronic journals. Similar to many academic health sciences libraries, the reference desk in a hospital library has become more like a technical support desk. Users who contact the library have questions about access to the library's electronic resources or about searching techniques. In the future, medical reference librarians will continue to assist searchers who cannot find what they are looking for and will assist those who repeatedly get results that do not match their information needs.     

The U.S. monthly catalog and the publications reference file as collection development tools

The 1991 Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications was examined using a random sample of 668 publications in order to determine what percentage of materials produced at the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) were available through the depository library system, and how many of those were offered through the Sales Division via the Publications Reference File (PRF). It was found that 98 percent of publications (655 titles) in the Monthly Catalog were depository items. The remaining two percent (13 titles) are discussed as an indicator of what was not available through the depository system. It was also found that only nine percent of the publications (62 titles) in the Monthly Catalog were listed as available through the Sales Division. Of that nine percent, only 60 percent (37 titles), were listed in the PRF after one year. The nature of these publications and their average prices are examined. Also discussed are the publications dropped from the PRF. A total of 293 publications were identified as available through either GPO or agency distribution, representing 44 percent of the original sample.     

Achieving the Vision: Rethinking Librarianship

No abstract available for this article.     

Rethinking the Eurocentric Library Workplace:

There have been numerous articles, conferences and workshops about the concept of valuing diversity in the American workplace. In the library literature, this discussion has more often than not focused on recruiting librarians of color and helping "them" to adjust to the library workplace. The authors of this article suggest an additional dimension which as been promoted in the corporate sector for some time: that of re-thinking the culture of the workplace. The role that an individual's culture places in creating a workplace culture should not be underestimated. Increased awareness and assessment of various cultural issues is critical to recruitment and retention of people of color in library organizations. The growing diversityy of American society make a re-assessment of library workplace culture imperative. The irulhors of this article assert that "valuing differences" in the workplace means allowing people more opportunity to be themselves within the framework of organizational effectiveness, without fear of negative ramif~cations. The goal of library organizations should be to move beyond "visual" diversity. Managment in these organizidons must ask "How do we create, sustain and direct a workforce that is comprised of increasingly diverse staff without requiring cultural homogeneity?" This article includes a swey instrument that is helpful in analyzing the dominant culture of the workplace, a selected primary source reading list, and a bibliography on issues of workplace diversity, multiculturalism, valuing diversity, and diversity training taken primarily from business models.     

The e-book management framework: The management of e-books in academic libraries and its challenges

E-book management in academic libraries is examined, and a framework of the stages in the e-book management process is generated; the framework summarizes the key activities and associated issues and challenges for each stage. Academic libraries are one of the main markets for textbooks and other e-books. As such, the relationships that they forge with e-book vendors (publishers and aggregators), and the resolution of some of the challenges that they currently face in managing their collections of e-books, will have significant consequences for the adoption of e-books in learning. An interview-based study with a purposive sample of interviewees working as managers, subject librarians, metadata officers, and e-resources coordinators from seven academic libraries in the UK was conducted to investigate the libraries' experiences and perceptions of e-book management. The resultant e-book management framework identifies the processes associated with the management of e-books, and also offers insights into the challenges and issues associated with each stage. The stages in the framework are: collection development policy, budget, discovery, evaluation and selection, license negotiations, cataloging and delivery, marketing/promotion, user education, monitoring and reviewing, and renewals and cancellation.     

Rethinking the Workforce and Workplace

Faced with diminishing staffs and budgets, and the difficulty of recruiting skilled serialists, librarians are exploring alternative methods for getting the job done. Several members of the National Library of Medicine staff describe their experiences with Flexiplace, a program that allows employees to do most of their work from home with small purchase orders or contracts for services. Flexiplace is described, and the successes and limitations of working with contracts for special language cataloging, binding preparation, check-in, and other tasks are discussed.     

作为场所的图书馆:再思考与展望

简要回顾作为场所的图书馆的价值,介绍信息技术、网络技术、虚拟图书馆的发展和冲击导致人们对图书馆场所价值的怀疑。论述作为场所的现代图书馆的价值和意义,将取决于图书馆在社会中的价值和作用,强调对图书馆的场所功能的创新与拓展,并对图书馆场所的功能如何创新进行了思考和展望。     

Rethinking the Reference Collection: Exploring Benchmarks and E-Book Availability

Librarians in the Health Sciences Library System at the University of Pittsburgh explored the possibility of developing an electronic reference collection that would replace the print reference collection, thus providing access to these valuable materials to a widely dispersed user population. The librarians evaluated the print reference collection and standard collection development lists as potential benchmarks for the electronic collection, and they determined which books were available in electronic format. They decided that the low availability of electronic versions of titles in each benchmark group rendered the creation of an electronic reference collection using either benchmark impractical.     

重新理解“宣传模式”理论:一种方法论视角

赫曼与乔姆斯基所提出的宣传模式理论自20年前问世以来,在传播学界引发了众多的批评和讨论。在系统梳理关于宣传模式的各种批评的基础上,本文试图超越对这一模式各种先验性假设的争论和对各种复杂变量的考察,从原作者及这一理论众多评价者的基本方法论框架——阶级分析入手,从处理信息和再生产意识形态的文化劳动角度重新理解和分析宣传模式理论。     

Clinical and research searching on the wild side: exploring the veterinary literature

Zoological medicine furthers the health and well-being of captive and free-ranging wild animals. Effective information retrieval of the zoological medicine literature demands searching multiple databases, conference proceedings, and organization websites using a wide variety of keywords and controlled vocabulary. Veterinarians, residents, students, and the librarians who serve them must have patience for multiple search iterations to capture the majority of the available knowledge. The complexities of thorough literature searches are more difficult for nondomestic animal clinical cases and research reviews as demonstrated by three search requests involving poisonous snakes, a gorilla, and spiders. Expanding and better disseminating the knowledgebase of zoological medicine will make veterinary searching easier.