机构改革背景下档案服务外包行业的四个主体及其关系研究

目前我国档案服务外包行业存在主体概念混淆的情况,诸多主体概念存在承包方、发包方、第三方角色界定不清的情况。本文认为当下的档案管理体制改革为档案服务外包行业的优化提供了契机,需要理清行业中各类主体的职能及相互关系。监管方秉持合法性、宏观性和长效性工作原则,落实指导、监督、执法、教育、授权和协调职能;第三方秉持独立性、客观性和专业性工作原则,落实第三方咨询、招标、监理、评价和认证职能;发包方寻求外包服务的工作理念,应由成本优先向效益优先转变;承包方的工作理念则应由低价竞争向品牌建设转变。这便要求坚持深化落实政事、政企分开改革策略;优化行业发展的法制环境;成立档案服务外包行业协会。     

论高校图书馆采编部业务外包的战略实施

就高校图书馆采编业务外包的产生、发展与其实施的步骤进行了阐述,并针对目前业务外包发展中存在的不足和弊端予以分析。肯定了外包发展的趋势,探讨了高校图书馆采编部门业务外包后工作的核心业务。     

Catalog outsourcing at Wright State University: Implications for acquisitions managers

In 1993, the administration of the Wright State University Libraries decided to outsource its cataloging operations to improve the quality and reduce the costs of cataloging. A number of alternatives were considered and rejected; outsourcing was deemed to be the most appropriate solution for WSU. The decision was influenced by the business management literature that advocates radical reengineering of processes. Although some acquisitions processes have been performed for years by vendors, these processes should be reexamined and questioned, especially with the rise of electronic publishing. Increased outsourcing of acquisitions may be one answer. Even with outsourcing, acquisitions managers will still be required, but they will need a broad set of skills and qualities to face the new electronic environment. These skills are outlined and discussed.     

The studio model: Should publishing follow Hollywood’s approach to the creative process?

Publishers have long outsourced many parts of their operations. Should they go the whole way and outsource the whole of the process, becoming more like a Hollywood studio: “a bank with a sales force?” A number of senior publishers surveyed responded to this proposition. Positive and negative aspects of outsourcing can be tested, suggesting considerable benefits possible from increased outsourcing of creative talent.     

Outsourcing,bureaucracy and public value: Reappraising the notion of the “contract state”

Large-scale outsourcing of information technology in the U.K. public sector – the NHS, the Inland Revenue, and the Department of Social Security over the years – raises a number of critical issues not just for how outsourcing can be conducted in public sector contexts but also about the efficacy of such arrangements in terms of enforcement of democratic values. We argue that marketization's target may well be bureaucracy, but the organizational form is a repository for democratic, civic, and public service values that can be eroded through how outsourcing has been conducted. The call for a reevaluation and the case for a distinctive public services management ethos are made if such values as equality, impartiality, communal good and public service are to be pursued and delivered. Selective outsourcing is revealed as effective – together with much needed rebuilding of internal capabilities – in keeping control of IT destiny, delivering on public service requirements, and managing external supply. The U.K. experience, we suggest, provides salutary learning for public services in other developed economies.     

印度国家软件与服务公司行业协会开展产业竞争情报工作的做法及启示

文章从竞争情报角度研究了印度全国软件与服务公司行业协会（NASSCOM）在推动印度服务外包产业发展中的作用,将NASSCOM开展产业竞争情报的做法归纳为4个方面：提供企业发展需要的产业竞争情报公共产品;建立旨在提升印度外包产业国际竞争力的产业竞争情报活动平台;基于提升印度服务外包产业竞争力的需要开展若干专项计划;向国外政府部门推介印度外包产业并维护会员企业利益。最后得出了对中国服务外包产业界开展竞争情报工作的启示。     

业务外包环境下编目工作的现状与发展

从图书馆实施编目业务外包的逻辑起点、传统编目质量观所受冲击、馆配商组织书目数据及图书加工能力的定位分析等几个方面出发,详细探讨了馆配商外包图书馆编目业务利与弊,倡导图书馆科学管理编目选择性业务外包工作,并对业务外包环境下图书馆编目人员及编目业务的发展方向进行了探讨。     

Outsourcing Copy Cataloging at Adelphi University Libraries

ABSTRACT

Adelphi University Libraries contracted to outsource copy cataloging and physical processing with Blackwell's Book Services in 1995. Since May 1996, 17,000 shelf-ready titles and over 16,000 catalog records have been received and loaded to our Innovative Interfaces OPAC. Costs, implementation, workflow, and benefits are discussed in this article. The outsourcing program, although hampered by staff shortages in the Libraries, has been highly successful in achieving enhanced cataloging and improved processing at reasonable costs.     

图书馆采编业务外包评价机制与评价模型的建立

采编业务外包的运作成效在很大程度上依赖于外包书商的服务能力。采编业务外包评价模型是对书商整体服务能力进行综合评价的量化工具。目前,图书馆采编业务外包实施过程中比较突出的问题主要表现在图书质量、编目质量和服务质量3个方面。因此,图书馆可以以图书质量合格率、图书加工正确率、编目正确率、索书号准确率、重书去重率以及出现问题后沟通和解决的速度为评价因素,采用层次分析法,构建异地加工、部分外包模式下的业务外包后评价模型。在应用评价模型时,各图书馆应注意模型建立的前提条件、数据样本的选取及评判标准的一致性。     

The message of the medium: The risks and opportunities of migrating pre-electronic government information products to the Internet

During the mid-1997 to early 1999 period, a major study was undertaken by the United States National Commission on Libraries and Information Science (NCLIS) for the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), at the request of the Government Printing Office (GPO), entitled “Assessment of Electronic Government Information Products.” A contractor specializing in survey research, Westat, of Rockville, MD, was engaged to assist the government in the detailed data collection, interviewing, background research, and related tasks. The contractor delivered a final report to the government on March 30, 1999. On behalf of the government, NCLIS accepted the findings and recommendations, and delivered the report to all three branches of government. A limited number of hard copies are available from NCLIS. This article highlights the study's major findings, conclusions, and recommendations, their significance, and speculates on possible future actions the government could take. The major conclusion of the study was that there is a need to pinpoint overall responsibility for public information dissemination and electronic publishing at the top agency level. Presently authorities and responsibilities are unclear, uncoordinated, fragmented, and overlapping among many different agency line and staff units.     

香港中文大学图书馆电子资源管理的挑战与对策

电子资源管理是现今高校图书馆所面对的极具挑战性工作,香港中文大学的图书馆系统亦不例外。该馆的电子资源数量在2006-2007年度较上年增长了两倍。如何运用现有的人力资源和图书馆集成管理系统,及时让读者使用这些电子资源,已成为该馆的重大挑战。有见及此,该馆在2007年决定把电子期刊的编目工作外包,并采用Innovative公司的电子资源管理系统来解决上述问题。此文的目的,是叙述该馆利用SerialsSolutions公司的服务和Innovative公司的电子资源管理系统来管理与日俱增的电子资源的经验。尽管尚有困难待克服,但通过此文所述的措施,该馆的电子资源管理工作已得到改善。     

Collection development and outsourcing in academic health sciences libraries: a survey of current practices

Academic health sciences libraries in the United States and Canada were surveyed regarding collection development trends, including their effect on approval plan and blanket order use, and use of outsourcing over the past four years. Results of the survey indicate that serials market forces, budgetary constraints, and growth in electronic resources purchasing have resulted in a decline in the acquisition of print items. As a result, approval plan use is being curtailed in many academic health sciences libraries. Although use of blanket orders is more stable, fewer than one-third of academic health sciences libraries report using them currently. The decline of print collections suggests that libraries should explore cooperative collection development of print materials to ensure access and preservation. The decline of approval plan use and the need for cooperative collection development may require additional effort for sound collection development. Libraries were also surveyed about their use of outsourcing. Some libraries reported outsourcing cataloging and shelf preparation of books, but none reported using outsourcing for resource selection. The reason given most often for outsourcing was that it resulted in cost savings. As expected, economic factors are driving both collection development and outsourcing practices.     

图书编目业务外包常见舛误例析

对图书编目业务外包工作中图书加工、编目数据存在的舛误进行例析,并提出了改进措施,以确保书目数据标准、准确和规范。     

广州市高校图书馆采编业务外包现状研究

本文是对当前广州市高校图书馆采编业务外包发展现状的调查统计分析报告。当前广州高校图书馆采编业务外包呈现出覆盖院校广、程度较深、时间相对较短、内容丰富的特点。同时它也面临着诸如外包质量、外包商选择、馆员认受等问题的困扰。采编业务外包虽呈现出了一种趋势样态,但外包并非一种同质的模式,同样,也就没有同质的实践。笔者的调查显示,根据外包动因的差异,可以将外包馆区分为完全适应性动因、完全效率性动因和非完全动因三种类型。笔者认为,对这种类型区分的认知是对外包实践进行深入探讨和评估的必要前提。     

国家图书馆俄文图书回溯书目数据制作外包回顾

因工作量大且人员不足,国家图书馆俄文图书回溯书目数据制作采用外包方式。但在俄文图书回溯书目数据制作过程中存在卡片信息著录不全、参考分类号信息著录不全、早期部分卡片上信息不全、外包人员业务水平有限及质量评估方式存疑等问题。据此,俄文图书回溯书目数据制作工作应加强回溯书目数据制作外包的组织安排;注重具体业务科组与外包公司的配合与协作;加强外包人员规章制度的管理。国家图书馆的经验可为其他图书馆相关工作的开展提供一定的借鉴。     

How outsourcing affects the e-disclosure of performance information by local governments

Performance information disclosure, especially e-disclosure practices, is widely considered to increase public sector accountability. This paper aims to examine the impact that public service delivery through outsourcing has on voluntary performance information disclosure with respect to direct delivery. The study draws on agency theory and organisational information processing theory to suggest that a greater degree of outsourcing in public service delivery might increase the likelihood that public administrations would disclose performance information through their websites. An empirical analysis conducted on a sample of 262 Italian municipalities supported this hypothesis. The study also showed that no unique set of factors could explain the differences in the electronic disclosure of performance information by Italian municipalities, but disclosure was observed to depend—at least in part—on how municipalities deliver public services.     

银行档案服务外包的调研分析与发展建议——以国家开发银行为例

档案服务外包已成为深化档案工作内容的主要手段之一。银行档案服务外包既符合现实需要又满足政策要求。基于国家开发银行的调研情况表明:国开行档案服务外包需求较为强烈,各部门可自行采购,正由单一服务外包向综合服务外包方向发展,且采购中存在"明星"供应商。为此,做好银行档案服务外包工作不仅需要银行做好外包过程风险管控,还需要银行总部充分发挥统筹协调作用,制定相关制度规范,规范外包行为,合理确立档案服务外包供应商,以便各部门节缩招标成本。此外,银行档案部门要重视技术对档案环境的变革影响,积极推动档案工作数字转型。     

档案部门数字化外包意愿分析——资源依赖与交易费用的视角

档案数字化是开发利用档案信息资源、创新档案服务的基础,外包则是数字化过程中非常普遍同时又颇有争议的方式。从资源依赖和交易费用的双重视角,分析档案数字化中外包的选择问题,即在什么条件下,档案部门会倾向于采用外包的方式开展数字化工作。从资源依赖视角分析人力资源、技术设备资源、场地资源的外部依赖性对数字化模式的影响;从交易费用视角则分析市场竞争、沟通协调、质量控制和安全保障四方面的影响。对广东省19家档案机构的问卷调查表明:档案部门在人力资源、技术设备上的外部依赖性,是采用外包的主要促进因素;外部场地资源的安全问题及数字化安全保障上的顾虑,则是限制外包意愿的主要因素。     

国内图书馆业务外包研究现状及趋势

通过调查1999—2006年我国图书馆业务外包的研究成果，分析国内图书馆业务外包研究的现状，总结业务外包理论、采编业务外包、数据库开发业务外包、信息技术业务外包、信息服务业务外包等的研究特点，指出国内在图书馆业务外包的研究方法、研究范围和研究层次等方面存在着不足，并提出了综合运用定性和定量研究方法，扩大研究范围，加强系统性研究等具体的意见和建议，以提高我国图书馆业务外包的研究水平。     

企业竞争情报服务外包研究:内涵、动因与形式

[目的/意义]探讨如何针对企业战略决策支持中的竞争情报现象,引导企业进行竞争情报服务外包,强化企业决策运营管理。[方法/过程]通过文献分析和理论推演,结合科技咨询等现实案例,界定竞争情报服务外包的理论内涵,分析竞争情报服务外包的动因,探讨竞争情报服务外包的形式与内容,提出开展竞争情报服务外包的对策建议。[结果/结论]企业推进竞争情报服务外包,可以降低运营成本,规避经营风险,致力于主营业务。本研究可以丰富和发展竞争情报和服务外包的理论与实践,加速竞争情报服务外包活动中的应用和推广,为企业战略管理者和竞争情报工作者提供决策参考。