Ontology,Epistemology, Methodology,and Methods: Information for Librarian Researchers

Abstract

This article will help librarians understand how different philosophical stances influence the process of developing a research question and the different methodologies and methods available to help answer that question. Understanding this will help librarian researchers make appropriate choices regarding methods and methodology for the research questions they are seeking to answer. Also included is a table showing the two main types of inquiry (qualitative and quantitative) with their associated methodologies and methods, the basic assumptions underlying each, and the pros and cons of each methodology.     

管理学研究变革对图书馆学理论研究的启示

图书馆学理论研究可以以管理学为参照,从理论研究、研究方法和图书馆学研究主体等方面,管理学研究为图书馆学理论研究带来一些启示。     

Improving Visual Behavior Research in Communication Science: An Overview,Review, and Reporting Recommendations for Using Eye-Tracking Methods

ABSTRACT

Eye tracking offers researchers an opportunity to collect an objective assessment of visual behavior. Visual behavior—referring broadly to metrics and measures of gaze positioning and movement—has been used to assess variables including exposure time, cognitive processing, prominence, and (visual) attention. Over the past decade, communication science researchers have increased their use of eye-tracking methods in published articles. During that same period, technological innovations have made eye-tracking units more affordable and accessible to interested researchers increasing the likelihood that eye-tracking research will continue to increase in the field. In this article, we provide information on eye tracking in hopes of improving the quality and reporting of eye-tracking research in communication. The article first provides an overview of basic eye-tracking information followed by a systematic review on the reporting of eye-tracking methods in communication-relevant research. We then provide eye-tracking research reporting recommendations and some ideas about how eye tracking might be integrated into scholarly work moving forward with the aim of improving the transparency and replicability of eye-tracking research in communication science.     

基于引文分析的中国信息伦理基本特征研究

本文从中国知网的《中国引文数据库》里提取了关于信息伦理的十篇高被引论文,对其研究方法、研究内容等做了详细说明,对其作者的学术观点分别分析与阐释。最后,在得出这些高被引论文的基本特征的同时,对我国信息伦理学的发展作出展望。     

人文社会科学研究成果评价:科学性、创新性与价值性及其关系

在人文社会科学研究成果的评价标准中,创新思想是评价的核心指标,研究规范是评价的基础指标,学术价值与社会价值则是评价的重要指标。研究规范是科研成果科学性的保障,研究方法规范化不代表成果的创新性。学术价值或社会价值是社会科学研究成果评价的终点,也是创新性科学研究成果产生的起点。静态意义上,创新始于科学终于价值,动态意义上,则创新始于价值又终于价值。     

我国图书馆学基础理论研究的实证分析

论文以CSSCI为数据来源,利用可视化分析软件CiteSpace绘制图书馆学基础理论研究领域的代表人物、代表文献的知识图谱,分析我国图书馆学基础理论研究的态势和热点。研究显示我国相关领域研究的演进路径由一系列重要文献组成,主要内容涉及图书馆学基础理论研究通论、学科体系、研究对象、研究方法、图书馆学教育、图书馆史等。     

Extracting Latent Moral Information from Text Narratives: Relevance,Challenges, and Solutions

ABSTRACT

Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) and the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars (MIME) contend that moral judgments are built on a universal set of basic moral intuitions. A large body of research has supported many of MFT’s and the MIME’s central hypotheses. Yet, an important prerequisite of this research—the ability to extract latent moral content represented in media stimuli with a reliable procedure—has not been systematically studied. In this article, we subject different extraction procedures to rigorous tests, underscore challenges by identifying a range of reliabilities, develop new reliability test and coding procedures employing computational methods, and provide solutions that maximize the reliability and validity of moral intuition extraction. In six content analytical studies, including a large crowd-based study, we demonstrate that: (1) traditional content analytical approaches lead to rather low reliabilities; (2) variation in coding reliabilities can be predicted by both text features and characteristics of the human coders; and (3) reliability is largely unaffected by the detail of coder training. We show that a coding task with simplified training and a coding technique that treats moral foundations as fast, spontaneous intuitions leads to acceptable inter-rater agreement, and potentially to more valid moral intuition extractions. While this study was motivated by issues related to MFT and MIME research, the methods and findings in this study have implications for extracting latent content from text narratives that go beyond moral information. Accordingly, we provide a tool for researchers interested in applying this new approach in their own work.     

非物质文化遗产数字化研究述评

[目的/意义] 全面梳理近年来国内外非遗数字化的研究进展,为非遗数字化研究与实践发展提供新的思路。[方法/过程] 分基础研究、技术研究、形态研究三大方面,对非遗数字化研究进展进行全面综述,并讨论现有研究重点与不足,包括以非遗数字化的技术与形态等应用研究为主,对基础理论与方法体系的研究不足;多微观具体层面的研究,少宏观全局层面的研究;研究视角单一化,系统化多视角分析不足;重数字化资源建设保存,轻数字资源的传播和共享;等等。[结果/结论] 在梳理现有研究的基础上,指出需要加强对非遗数字化基本理论与方法、综合影响的系统分析、跨专业多视角研究、共享与传播、受众群体、国内外最佳实践的案例分析等方面的研究。     

图书馆情报学主要研究方法:了解、选择及使用

[目的/意义]研究方法在学术研究中发挥着至关重要的作用。确认图书馆情报学领域主要的研究方法，并对它们进行了解熟悉，以在开展研究时能合理选择、灵活使用，确保研究质量。[方法/过程]对近2 000篇图书馆情报学领域的研究文献以及相关研究方法论文进行内容分析，在此基础上对研究方法的类分命名、图书馆情报学界主要的研究方法的确定、特点和使用注意事项进行介绍和讨论。[结果/结论]研究方法应以数据收集法而不是数据分析法命名。图书馆情报学领域常用的研究方法包括实验法、问卷法、理论研讨法、内容分析法、访谈法和书目计量法，每种方法都有各自的特点。因而在选择使用时，既应根据具体研究课题及研究方法之特性，也要考虑使用注意事项，并尽量在同一研究中采用两种或更多的方法，以扬长避短，更有效地展开研究。     

Transitions in Public Library Management: From the International Perspective of Strategy,Organizational Structure,and Operations

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research is to elucidate changes in strategy, organization, and operations in the field of public library management. It uses research methods based on detailed case analysis. This research focuses on cases involving U.S. public libraries and the Tokyo Metropolitan Library in Japan from the 1960s to the 2010s. It analyzes documents related to strategic management, organization, and operations collected through surveys and interviews with library directors and managers. This research illustrates (1) 11 core operations of public libraries, (2) transitions of basic organizational structures, (3) elements that cause differences between the U.S. and Japanese public libraries, and (4) primary elements that have impacts on public library management.     

医院图书馆融入式服务

论述了医院图书馆融入式服务的基本对策和主要途径,如树立先进的服务理念、构建丰富的文献资源、采用先进的设备技术、培育优秀的馆员队伍,将服务融入重点专科的建设、融入专家名医的研究领域、融入领导机关的决策咨询、融入患者的健康教育,以促进医院图书馆融入式服务的开展,充分发挥医院图书馆在医、教、研中的作用。     

浅析如何做好企业计划生育工作

计划生育是我国的一项基本国策,稳定低生育水平是一项长期的工作任务。企业如何从自身实际出发,在新形势、新任务、新要求下转变工作思路,探索和研究计划生育管理的新方法是摆在计划生育工作者面前的新课题,本文从三个方面就如何做好计划生育工作进行了探讨。     

Research Support in Australian Academic Libraries: Services,Resources, and Relationships

ABSTRACT

In the last decade Australian academic libraries have increasingly aligned their research support services with assessment criteria used in the national research evaluation exercise (Excellence for Research in Australia). The same period has seen growing interest in research impact outside of traditional measures, such as bibliometrics. Social media has provided opportunities for research dissemination and new tools, altmetrics, to measure these activities have emerged. This article reports on research into the extent and nature of research support services at Australian academic libraries, how the services are managed, and the factors that influence their development and delivery. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to compare the findings with an earlier study and to provide a deeper understanding of research support in Australia. Three key themes, services, staff and resourcing, and relationships, are discussed in relation to the management and challenges faced in providing research support.     

基于科技文献多重共现的数据模型理论与知识发现应用范例研究

[目的/意义]科技文献中各种特征项及其之间的关联是构成多种多样共现现象的基本单元,通过挖掘共现特征项之间的关联,共现分析可以从不同角度探测科学与技术活动规律的方方面面,为科研管理者和研究者等提供一个全方位、多角度观察科学发展的新视角。[方法/过程]通过对多重共现的基础理论研究,构建一套独特的多重共现数据模型基础理论体系,该理论体系包括:多重共现的定义、多重共现的研究范畴、用于多重共现的变量符号、多重共现的矩阵定义、多重共现的数据组织形式以及多重共现的延展系数计算公式与应用范畴。此外,基于多重共现的交叉图可视化方式,构建可用于分析3个或以上特征项共现关系的知识发现方法,包括共现关联强度、被引关联强度以及共现突发强度的分析方法。[结果/结论]通过该基础理论体系的构建,拓展共现现象的研究范围,为共现分析走向多角度、多维度的多重共现分析提供基础理论的支持。并通过实证研究,选取不同的多重共现应用案例,证明该方法可应用于研究领域、研究机构、机构间对比、研究学者等方面的分析,同时具有较好的分析效果。由于该方法体系具有分析角度多维化和分析方法多样化的特点,通过该方法的分析,除能够实现一重、二重共现等的分析效果外,还能揭示出比一般共现更为广泛和深入的知识内容。     

图书馆学情报学博士学位论文研究方法调查分析——以中国科学院国家科学图书馆为例

对中国科学院国家科学图书馆2000-2009年的图书馆学情报学博士学位论文进行调查,研究分析图书馆学情报学博士学位论文在研究方法上的使用情况、共性特征及存在问题。发现其中调查、实验等常规研究方法占据主导地位,研究方法突出实践性与实证性,并兼具社会科学与自然科学特征,还反映了学术共同体的研究范式。当然也存在研究方法层次界定不清、思维和基础方法与博士学位论文研究方法相混淆等问题。     

我国农村公共文化研究综述

综合近年来学术界关于农村公共文化问题的主要研究成果,对相关文献进行系统梳理和归纳总结,指出研究内容主要涉及基本问题、供给、保障机制、法律法规、绩效评估、机制创新等几个方面;在此基础上,对目前的研究方法和研究内容进行评价,并指出后续研究的发展方向。     

Research is Elementary: How Blue's Clues Can Help Teach Communication Research Methods

Objective: First, this activity is to make research fun and reduce communication students’ anxiety concerning the research methods class. Second, this activity is to create a vivid illustration of the basic characteristics of the research process, and to illustrate that the research process is non-threatening and should be thought of as a process that can be done by students. Third, this activity is to help students realize research methods are not “math,” nor are they limited to statistical analyses.

Courses: Beginning and intermediate research methods courses, as well as advanced communication courses that require students to read research articles, particularly for those classes whose students have not had a research methods course     

Research Goes Digital: Some Methods,Frameworks, and Issues

Traditionally, librarians take a role in connecting researchers with resources. With the advent of the digital age, the nature of research is expanding; there are more, and different, sources of data, ways of collecting data, and methods of analyzing and interacting with data. If librarians are to remain relevant and able to serve their patrons, then they must engage in research as guides or even as partners in the research process. To do this, it is critical that librarians gain an understanding of the nature of research in the digital age and of the frameworks, methodologies, and issues related to digital research. The purpose of this article is to contribute to literature on digital research as it relates to librarianship.     

国际专利引文研究的计量分析

本文以共被引和共词分析方法,以SCI中2000年至2013年的有关专利引文的研究文献为对象,分析了其知识基础与研究主题.结果表明,专利引文研究主要是建立在Jaffe AB(1993)、Narin F(1997)、Griliches Z(1990)和Trajtenberg M(1990)等人研究基础之上,核心研究领域集中在企业/产业的创新能力与绩效评价,涉及知识溢出、技术扩散、竞争优势等内容.关键词聚类在战略坐标中的象限分布则表明专利引文研究处于既定范式下的深度研究,缺少对范式扩展的广度研究.另外,研究还发现专利引文研究较少关注基础研究与应用技术间的互动关系.     

国内外数据素养评价研究进展

文章在回顾和调研国内外数据素养评价研究的基础上,对已有文献进行分析、归纳,构建了数据素养评价研究的基本框架,剖析评价指标体系的类型、构建方法,揭示相关实证研究类型及影响因素。最后,从研究问题和内容、研究对象、研究方法等方面进行总结,展望下一步研究方向。