Wall sheeting diagnosis in fluidized beds based on chaos analysis of acoustic emission signals

A novel method, based on acoustic emission （AE） techniques, for detecting agglomeration in fluidized beds is presented. Particle size characteristics are determined based on the principle that AE signals with different frequency band energies are emitted when particles of different sizes impact an internal wall. By applying chaotic analysis to the AE signals, the malfunction coefficients are well defined. Agglomeration in the fluidized bed can then be detected by the sudden variation of malfunction coefficients. AE signals were investigated in a laboratory scale heated fluidized bed and an industrial polyethylene flu- idized bed. Experimental data showed that the malfunction coefficients increased with the growth of agglomeration. The results indicated that agglomeration in fluidized beds can be predicted and diagnosed effectively and precisely using AE techniques based on chaotic analysis.     

A MINI－CAPACITANCE PROBE FOR MEASURING THE LOCAL VOID FRACTION IN GAS－SOLID FLUIDIZED BEDS

ＡＭＩＮＩ－ＣＡＰＡＣＩＴＡＮＣＥＰＲＯＢＥＦＯＲＭＥＡＳＵＲＩＮＧＴＨＥＬＯＣＡＬＶＯＩＤＦＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＩＮＧＡＳ－ＳＯＬＩＤＦＬＵＩＤＩＺＥＤＢＥＤＳＧｕｉＫｅｔｉｎｇ（归柯庭）ＨａｎＪｉｔｉａｎ（韩吉田）ＳｈｉＭｉｎｇｈｅｎｇ（施明恒）（Ｄｅ...     

Effect of particle loading on heat transfer enhancement in a gas-solid suspension cross flow

Heat transfer between gas-solid multiphase flow and tubes occurs in many industry processes, such as circulating fluidized bed process, pneumatic conveying process, chemical process, drying process, etc. This paper focuses on the influence of the presence of particles on the heat transfer between a tube and gas-solid suspension. The presence of particles causes positive enhancement of heat transfer in the case of high solid loading ratio, but heat transfer reduction has been found for in the case of very low solid loading ratio (M _s of less than 0.05 kg/kg). A useful correlation incorporating solid loading ratio, particle size and flow Reynolds number was derived from experimental data. In addition, thek-∈ two-equation model and the Fluctuation-Spectrum-Random-Trajectory Model (FSRT Model) are used to simulate the flow field and heat transfer of the gasphase and the solid-phase, respectively. Through coupling of the two phases the model can predict the local and total heat transfer characteristics of tube in gas-solid cross flow. For the total heat transfer enhancement due to particles loading the model predictions agreed well with experimental data. Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 50025618)     

From noise to information: a new technology of olefin polymerization fluidized bed reactor based on acoustic emission

The fluidized bed is widely used in many industrial processes because of its vigorous mixing and heat transfer properties. However, when heat transfer is blocked, the particles are easily melted and agglomerated, and even cause the industrial reactor to shut down. From the point of mechanism analysis, the process of explosive agglomeration is a typical meso-scale problem in the fluidized bed, and there is a complex evolution process between particle fluidization and reactor shutdown. Grasping the regulation of meso-scale structure is one of the major challenges faced by chemical engineering. Thus, in this background, the fluidized bed acoustic emission detection technology, agglomeration fault self-repair technology, and a direct scale-up technique of the fluidized bed mathematical model were invented. These technologies have provided strong reliability for stable operation and have been successfully applied in 14 sets of industrial plants.     

Wavelet analysis of pressure fluctuation signals in a gas-solid fluidized bed

It has been shown that much dynamic information is hidden in the pressure fluctuation signals of a gas-solid fluidized bed. Unfortunately, due to the random and capricious nature of this signal, it is hard to realize reliable analysis using traditional signal processing methods such as statistical analysis or spectral analysis, which is done in Fourier domain. Information in different frequency band can be extracted by using wavelet analysis. On the evidence of the composition of the pressure fluctuation signals, energy of low frequency (ELF) is proposed to show the transition of fluidized regimes from bubbling fluidization to turbulent fluidization. Plots are presented to describe the fluidized bed's evolution to help identify the state of different flow regimes and provide a characteristic curve to identify the fluidized status effectively and reliably. Project (No. 60075003) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Voidage measurement based on genetic algorithm and electrical capacitance tomography

INTRODUCTION Two-phase flow exists widely in chemical, pe- troleum and metallurgical industries. The voidage is one of the most important parameters of two-phase flow because the measurement of the voidage is im- portant for safety, environmental protection, energy conservation and quality assurance in industry (Hewitt, 1978; Lin, 1992). Although many voidage measurement methods have been proposed, it is still difficult to measure the voidage due to the complexity of the characteristics o…     

A laser shaft alignment system with dual PSDs

INTRODUCTION Precise alignment occurs when the centerlines of rotation of two shafts are essentially collinear with each other. The degree to which two machines are misaligned can be determined by examining the amount of offset and angularity that exists between them. Offset is the distance between the two rota- tional centerlines, and angularity is the angle between the centerlines created by the misalignment of the two centerlines. The traditional precise shaft alignment method is dial …     

高压断路器的在线监测系统设计

高压断路器是保证高压输电系统安全稳定运行的关键部件之一,研究其机械故障诊断并对其在线监测具有重要意义。本文在分析和比较已有研究成果的基础上提出了一种对高压断路器进行在线监测和诊断的方法,以80C196KC与PSD913F2为核心,在硬件上,解决了微弱信号的放大与传输问题,并采用高速AD实现了多个信号同步采样以满足系统数据采集的要求;在软件上,主程序采用任务调度的方法,合理的安排多个功能模块之间的相互关系,解决了短路电流信号难以完整采样的问题。     

Challenging the Assumption of a Western Phenomenon: Academic Entitlement in Saudi Arabia

Academic entitlement (AE) is increasingly associated with problematic behaviors and attitudes, including student incivility and endorsement of cheating. As research on this context-specific form of entitlement increases, no one has yet explored the rates of occurrence outside of North America. To investigate whether students at North American universities are alone in their endorsement of academically entitled beliefs and behaviors, we administered a bidimensional (entitled expectations and externalized responsibility) AE measure to university students in Saudi Arabia and the United States. Contrary to expectations, the Saudi Arabian students, particularly the women, reported on this measure higher levels of AE than the American students. However, in the Saudi sample, academic entitlement was associated with self-esteem and not with narcissism or independent self-construal. While these results challenge the assumptions that AE is an exclusive Western educational phenomenon, they also raise questions about the potentially different meaning of AE in non-Western cultures and the validity and reliability of AE measurement.     

Regime Map of Dry Neutralization Agglomeration Process Containing Non-Reactive Ingredient on a Laboratory Scale

This study described a regime map for dry neutralization agglomeration. Based on the map, the effects of selected key parameters, such as ingredient composition, operation temperature, agitation speed, and size of Na_2CO_3 particles, were investigated using a laboratory-scale mixer, and properties of the agglomeration product were analyzed, including particle size distribution, Hunter color, and flowability. Torque curves evolving during the process were correlated with the system flowability. Three distinguishable regimes were indicated, dry, wet, and transitional, and the agitation speed was found to have a different influence on the agglomeration process for the three regimes. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on reactive agglomeration significantly differed from that in agglomeration processes in which the binder was non-reactive.     

PSD信号处理电路的设计

位置传感器(Position Sensitive Detector,PSD)广泛应用于精度较高的非接触测量中,特别是在激光三角法微位移测量中,常采用PSD作为位置敏感元件感测光线的微小偏移。本文分析了PSD的原理和性质,并设计了PSD的信号处理电路,同时设计了微小信号电流的流压转换电路,将微弱的电流信号转换为电压信号,满足了后续信号处理模块的要求,电路存在的噪声控制在±0.8mV内,使整体测量系统的分辨力达到80nm。     

Application of 2-D Position Sensitive Detector in Spatial Straightness Measurement of Guide Rails

A laser collimating system based on 2-D position sensitive detector (PSD) is presented in this paper. The working principle of PSD is depicted in detail. A calibration device was developed to check the nonlinearity errors of PSD and a multilayer feedforward neural network based on error back-propagation algorithm was used to compensate errors. With the aid of computer-based data acquisition system, an automatic dynamic measuring process was realized. A series of experiments, including comparison tests with laser interferometer, were done to evaluate the performance of the measuring system. The experimental results show that the spatial straightness errors of guide rails can be measured with high accuracy. The maximum differences between the device and laser interferometer are 0. 027 mm in Y direction, and 0. 053 mm in X direction in the measuring distance of 6 m.     

Inhibitory effects of jujuboside A on EEG and hippocampal glutamate in hyperactive rat

In this study, the inhibitory effect ofjujuboside A (JuA) on a penicillin sodium (Na-PCN) induced hyperactivity model was investigated. Cortical EEG (electroencephalogram) and the concentration of hippocampal Glutamate (Glu) were monitored simultaneously in vivo as indicators of rat's excitatory state. Power spectral density (PSD) and gravity frequency of PSD were calculated. JuA (0.05 g/L and 0.1 g/L) inhibited the EEG excitation effect caused by Na-PCN by increasing the power of δ1 and δ2bands (P＜0.01 vs model) and lowering the gravity frequency of PSD (P＜0.01 vs model). JuA also remarkably reduced the Glu elevation induced by Na-PCN (P＜0.05 vs model). Diazepam also depressed Glu concentration and lowered the gravity frequency,but it showed a different EEG pattern in increased β2-activity (P＜0.01 vs model). EEG excitation caused by Na-PCN correlated with Glu elevation during the first hour. Neurophysiological inhibitory effects of JuA and diazepam were more persistent than their Glu inhibitoty effects.     

On-line estimation of concentration parameters in fermentation processes

INTRODUCTION Saccharomycete, closely linked with human life, is the only microbe that has been utilized to the extent of over a million tons in the world, and is one of the modelled biological bacteria mostly used in modern genetic engineering. Since there are no effective online instruments for measuring the production or resultant concentration, which is a very important quality index in fermentation process, soft sensors (Martin, 1997; Tham et al., 1991; Assis and Filho, 2000; Salgad…     

高速磁浮轨道不平顺测试及分析

研究目的：提出高速磁浮轨道不平顺处理方法,分析不平顺特征,拟合形成轨道谱,为线路卒问维护提供参考。创新要点：实现了对高速磁浮轨道不平顺的提取,确定了轨道谱参数。研究方法：基于惯性基准法,运用数字信号处理方法实现对轨道不平顺的提取,采用最小二乘法拟合得剑定子向和导向面七参数轨道谱。重要结论：定子面和导向面分别在5-100m和10-100m波长范围内平顺性状态较好,由功能件安装等引起的1-5m和1—10m波长范围内的偏差应严格控制。     

Recovering metals from printed circuit board scrap by a mechanical separation process

A mechanical separation process was developed for recovering metals from printed circuit board （PCB） scrap; it included three steps： impact crushing, sieving and fluidization separation. The mechanism of the technique was based on the difference in the crushabilities of metallic and nonmetallic materials in the PCBs that led to the concentrated distribution of metals in particles of larger sizes and nonmetals mostly in particles of smaller sizes. It was found that crushed PCB particles from 0.125 mm to 1.000 mm contained about 80% of metals in the PCBs. Metals acquired satisfactory liberation in particles smaller than 0.800 mm. The crushed PCB particles were sieved into fractions of different size ranges. Each fraction separately went through a gas-solid fluidized bed operating at a selected optimal gas velocity for the specific size range. Approximately 95% of metals in printed circuit board particles from 0.125 mm to 0.800 mm was recovered by the gas-fluidized bed separator at the selected optimal gas velocity. However, separation of metals from particles smaller than 0.125 mm was not satisfactory. Further study is needed on metal recovery from fine particles.     

德国成人教育的特色及其启示

德国的成人教育与高等教育、普通教育和职业教育具有平等的地位,被列入教育体系之中。德国社会对成人教育高度重视,个人不论背景、民族、收入状况、教育经历等都可以接受成人教育。德国的成人教育在法律政策、国家管理模式、办学体制、专业设置、教育经费筹集等方面独具特色,这不仅符合德国的发展实际和需求,同时也为我国成人教育的发展提供一定的启示。     

基于数据融合与互相关技术的气固两相流固相流速测量技术研究

将信息处理技术引用到气固两相流参数检测中,初步探讨了应用数据融合技术及互相关技术进行固相颗粒界面平均速度的检测。采用两种方案确定上、下游传感器渡越时间,包括每对传感器采集的数据先进行互相关分析再进行数据加权融合,以及对所有传感器采集的数据先进行融合处理,再对其进行相关分析。通过对这两种信息处理方案进行仿真研究,得到稳定且正确的仿真结果。     

Numerical simulation on dense gas-particle riser flow

A turbulence gas-solid model that combines Eulerian approach and Lagrangian approach is formulated, which takes inter-particle interaction into consideration on the base of kinetic theory. The numerical algorithm is included. Comparison of the model results with the experimental results of Miller and Gidaspow (1992) showed good agreement. Project(59425004) supported by NSFC.