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1.
Traditionally diagnosed in children, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now regarded as a life span condition. The academic difficulties experienced by children and adolescents with ADHD have been observed to continue into young adulthood. Treatment outcome studies demonstrate that behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions can be beneficial in improving ADHD symptoms such as inattention, and so facilitate academic performance in young adults with ADHD. This review discusses how ADHD leads to academic underperformance, the warning signs of undiagnosed ADHD, and the potential impact interventions can have on adult academic impairment.  相似文献   

2.
    
This study compared the working memory functioning of deaf children, children with ADHD and typically developing children. Working memory is involved in the storage and mental manipulation of information during classroom learning activities that are crucial for the acquisition of complex skills and knowledge. Thus, it is important to determine how these groups compare in this regard as this has implications for teaching them together in an inclusive classroom. Simple and complex visuo-spatial and verbal working memory were assessed in 24 children with ADHD and 20 control children with no diagnosed ADHD, to determine whether any differences existed between these groups. A second comparison occurred between the simple and complex visuo-spatial working memory of the latter two groups, as well as 24 deaf children, all matched on age, gender and home language. The control group scored significantly higher than the deaf children and the children with ADHD on all components of simple and complex working memory. The implications of this finding are that children with ADHD and deaf children may share similar working memory profiles, making it easier to accommodate both sets of children together in the inclusive classroom. Suggestions are given for how educators could assist these children by reducing the demands on working memory.  相似文献   

3.
近年来 ,国际特殊教育领域内儿童期被诊断的行为障碍中最普遍和最具争议性的是注意缺陷 /多动性障碍。大约 3- 6%的学龄儿童患有注意缺陷 /多动性障碍。本文对一例注意缺陷 /多动性障碍儿童的教育训练过程进行了分析研究 ,探讨了多种训练方法的过程和效果。并结合国内外最新文献 ,分析了造成注意缺陷 /多动性障碍的原因  相似文献   

4.
在回顾了成就目标理论渊源的基础上,着重介绍成就目标的特征和分类,总结了动机模式的三种不同观点和修正理论的四种假说,提出了进一步研究成就目标理论的新视角。  相似文献   

5.
本论文采用四分成就目标定向量表对280名大学生进行调查,主要研究并探讨了大学生成就目标定向的特点。通过研究发现,不同专业性质的大学生在掌握回避方面存在显著差异,文科生的掌握回避显著高于理科生;不同年级大学生掌握目标的两个方向,即掌握趋近和掌握回避有着显著差异,大一学生的掌握目标取向显著高于大四学生。  相似文献   

6.
动机对于外语学习者来说,是决定学习者成功实现目标的重要原因之一,而课程教学模式是保证人才培养质量和教学质量的重要手段。在基础日语教学中,建构激发学生的课堂学习动机的教学模式对促进学习者的学习和提高教学质量是有利的。TARGET模式是一个有关课堂动机激发的教学模式,它从六个层面阐述了课堂结构对学生目标定向的作用,提出了有利于掌握目标定向的课堂结构和相应的教学策略。将TARGET教学模式应用于基础日语教学中,建构激发课堂学习动机的基础日语教学模式,可以激发学生的学习动机,提高课堂学习效果。  相似文献   

7.
    
In this article, the authors investigated the teacher practices that middle school students attend to when appraising their classroom's mastery goal structure. After students rated each item on the mastery goal structure scale, they wrote what their teacher did or said that led them to make that choice. Students' responses to the open-ended questions were coded thematically. The categories mentioned most often involved the pedagogical and affective nature of teachers' interactions with students. Recognition and evaluation practices and teachers' use of time were also salient to students. There were no differences in the practices that students attended to in classrooms with high, compared with low, mastery goal structure.  相似文献   

8.
大学生自我效能感、成就动机与成就目标定向的关系探究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:考察大学生自我效能感、成就动机和成就目标定向的性别差异及相互关系。方法:采用自我效能感量表、成就动机量表和成就目标定向问卷对300名南阳师院在读本科大学生进行问卷调查。结果:自我效能感、成就动机和学习目标定向在性别上差异极显著;成就动机在自我效能感和学习目标定向之间起完全中介作用。  相似文献   

9.
大学生成就动机的性别差异研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用问卷调查并结合访谈和文献资料等方法,通过对某市男女大学生成就动机的分析研究,发现大学生在成就动机结构上存在着较为显著的性别差异,具体表现为:大学女生在价值取向成就动机上的得分显著高于大学男生,大学男生在职业取向成就动机和社会取向成就动机上的得分显著高于大学女生。但在成就动机强度水平上大学女生与大学男生之间的水平差异正在逐渐缩小。  相似文献   

10.
    
The medicalisation of the behaviour of children is a phenomenon that is attracting growing attention, with particular concern about the increased likelihood of children living in disadvantaged contexts receiving a medical diagnosis, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and treatment. This paper reports on a study of professionals involved with children experiencing behavioural problems. The professionals interviewed in this study articulated their own reservations about the medicalisation of children’s behaviour and revealed a number of strategies for interrupting the process towards diagnosis. These interruptions, analysed using Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of deterriorialisation, took place along linguistic, visual and affective planes and were successful in encouraging teachers and head teachers to see alternatives to the medical route. The findings have implications for existing practice in the response to, and support for, behavioural problems and for teacher education.  相似文献   

11.
    
Factors related to parent ratings of young children’s (mean age = 3.72, range = 3–6) fidgeting and reports of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined in a nationally representative sample of US families via the National Household Education Surveys. In structural equation models, the number of television hours viewed daily was associated with more fidgeting (a sign of hyperactivity), which, in turn, was related to ADHD, when controlling for race/ethnicity, SES, family structure, autism, emotional disturbance and gender. The home literacy environment (shared reading, children’s books and library visits) was negatively associated with both fidgeting and hours of television. Home literacy was indirectly negatively related with ADHD via fidgeting. Boys and children with autism fidgeted more frequently, where as children from two-parent families were less likely to have ADHD. Overworked parents allowed more television viewing than other parents. The implications for future studies involving television viewing, home literacy, attention and hyperactivity are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

This study scrutinizes strategies that teachers deploy when confronted by behaviour related to the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Over two years, ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in two inclusive classrooms in Denmark, and all instances of teacher initiatives addressing ADHD-related classroom behaviour were recorded. Six basic strategies recurred across teachers and classrooms. To maintain the instructional flow with the rest of the students and not continually stop, the strategy of ignoring the disruptive conduct of a diagnosed child is often used. This strategy has not previously been explored in classroom research on ADHD. This is probably because previous research has primarily focused on the singular child and the singular teacher, thus leaving the whole-class interplay and complex orientations of teachers unexplored.  相似文献   

13.
目的探讨不同班级环境下初中生的成就动机水平。方法选取320名初中学生,采用《我的班级》问卷以及成就动机量表进行调查。结果1.班级环境各维度以及成就动机在不同年级上有显著差异;2.班级环境各维度分别与成就动机、追求成功动机以及避免失败动机有不同程度相关;3.班级环境各维度对成就动机、追求成功动机以及避免失败动机有不同预测作用。结论班级环境和成就动机在年级上有明显变化,班级环境能对初中生成就动机水平有预测作用。  相似文献   

14.
在过去的二十多年中,成就目标理论已经成为成就动机研究中最杰出的理论之一。但在现有的文献中,成就目标概念至少具有三种不同的含义:期望的结果、期望的结果与原因的组合、总体定向;成就目标的测量工具也存在一系列问题。未来的研究需要进一步完善成就目标的测量工具,来探讨成就目标与其影响因素和结果变量的关系;未来的研究可以考虑在成就目标问卷中增加自我参照目标的项目,来检验成就目标的3×2结构模型。  相似文献   

15.
主要针对学生学习动机的激发 ,运动知识的掌握 ,运动技能的形成 ,恐惧心理的克服谈谈自己的看法  相似文献   

16.
    
The focus of this study is on the role of achievement goals in students’ persistence. The authors administered 5 puzzles to 96 college students: 4 unsolvable and 1 relatively easy (acting as a hope probe). They examined whether and how persistence may deteriorate as a function of failing the puzzles, as well as whether and how persistence may rebound after an event of success. Time spent engaging in the task comprised the dependent variable persistence (representing a behavioral aspect of engagement). Results suggested that mastery-oriented students persisted significantly longer compared with performance approach–oriented, performance avoidance–oriented, and amotivated students across failure trials. However, performance approach–oriented students were more likely to rebound after experiencing success. Qualitative data provided insights into the affective processes that accompanied engagement with the task.  相似文献   

17.
成就目标定向是学习者目标达成的重要动力机制,有助于学生建立积极的学业倾向,促进学生发展和学业质量的提升。成就目标定向的结构早期被分解为\"成绩目标\"和\"学习目标\",并由此衍生出了\"2×2结构\"和\"3×2结构\"维度。研究依据行为动力学假说、自我效能感理论、成就动机理论和自我归因理论等阐释了成就目标定向的发生机制。研究认为,趋近目标定向可降低学生的考试焦虑程度,有助于提升个体语言技能;掌握目标定向有助于提升学生的学业成绩,激发学生的学习兴趣,并塑造学生的完美主义人格特质。未来的研究需开展大量的跨文化的比较研究,扩大研究对象的范畴,使用实验法等多元化的研究方法,验证成就目标定向结构模型的科学性,探明成就目标定向影响机理,强化教育干预与认知训练的实践研究,提升成就目标定向的应用价值。  相似文献   

18.
The main purpose of the current study was to provide empirical evidence to support or refute assumptions of phenotypic deficits in motivation for children with Down syndrome (DS). Children with moderate intellectual disability (MID) associated with etiologies other than DS were recruited in an extension of a previous study that involved children with DS and typically developing children. The participants were 29 children with MID and 33 children with DS who were matched on mental age to 33 typically developing children, aged 3–8 years. Mastery motivation was assessed on task measures of curiosity, preference for challenge and persistence, as well as parental reports. There were no significant group differences on the mastery motivation tasks. Parental ratings of mastery motivation differed, with typically developing children generally being rated more highly than each of the disability groups. The view that motivational deficits are part of the DS behavioural phenotype was not supported.  相似文献   

19.
    
Several proposed statistics for testing the significance of the difference in two correlated r’s were first reviewed. A simple alternate procedure based on the familiar Fisher z was then suggested. This procedure, unlike its predecessors, is applicable to a wide range of problems involving tests between dependent correlations. It also has documented mathematical support when its power curves are examined. Since the procedure is asymptotic, a large sample size is required. The only other assumption is that the observations associated with the sample are drawn from a joint multivariate normal distribution.  相似文献   

20.
中学生成就动机的特点与培养对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本研究对309名中学生进行问卷调查,借以探讨中学生成就动机的特点,并提出相应的教育对策。结果表明:中学男生的成就动机显著高于女生,具体表现为男生的避免失败动机明显低于女生,追求成功的动机则不存在明显差异;初中生与高中生的成就动机无显著差异;普通中学学生的成就动机高于重点中学学生,具体表现为普通中学学生的追求成功动机高于重点中学学生,而普通中学初中生的避免失败动机低于重点中学初中生。根据这一结果,中学生成就动机的培养应特别关注女生以及重点中学的学生,并考虑学生的年级特点。  相似文献   

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