企业常见内耗机理分析

 文分析了企业中由分配及职位晋升引起的内耗机理、特征及危害。由于个体贡献的相对性及认识的非客观性，分配公平的相对性及认识的非客观性，分配问题导致的内耗非常普遍。在国有企业中由于职位晋升的影响因素复杂，并导致内耗非常严重。内耗治理需要从体制及文化等根本性因素入手，进行综合治理。     

民族地区的技术转移与传统文化冲突研究

促进民族地区科技发展的重要手段是借助技术转移。但是在发达地区先进技术向民族地区转移的过程中,通常会与少数民族文化发生摩擦和冲突。引发冲突的原因是由于技术的普遍性与文化的特殊性之间碰撞产生的,技术转移和文化冲突的内容主要包括主观特征、客观形态、制度困境和法律因素等。解决技术转移与民族文化冲突可以从尊重少数民族的主体性,建设与技术转移相适应的民族特色文化制度和法律规范等方面入手加以研究。     

浅谈定轮闸门的滚动摩擦

水利水电工程中平面定轮闸门运行工况比较复杂,滚轮与门槽内的轨道之间的滚动摩擦受多个因素的影响,理解影响滚动摩擦的因素对有效设计闸门有重要的指导作用。本文介绍了滚动摩擦在定轮闸门中应用的原理并浅析了常见的失效原因和对策。     

Dynamic modeling and neural network compensation for dual-flexible servo system with an underactuated hand

This paper investigates a difficult problem of nonlinear dynamics and motion control of a dual-flexible servo system with an underactuated hand (DFSS-UH). Variation in grasping mass and nonlinear factors of the DFSS-UH including complex flexible deformation and friction torque aggravate the output speed fluctuation, leading to modeling errors in the dynamics, which in turn affects the underactuated hand motion accuracy. A novel neural network sliding mode control (NNSMC) method is designed to control the DFSS-UH. The strategy utilizes neural networks to compensate for dynamics modeling errors, which takes into account neglected nonlinear factors and inaccurate friction torque. The reaching law with the hyperbolic tangent function is proposed to improve sliding mode control, thereby weakening the chattering phenomenon. First of all, the DFSS-UH mechanical model considering many nonlinear factors is established and a dynamic simplification model which ignores higher-order modes is proposed. Secondly, the adaptive law of weighted coefficients is proposed according to the stability of the DFSS-UH. Finally, the physical control platform of the DFSS-UH is built, and simulation and control experiments are conducted. Experimental results show that the improved NNSMC strategy decreases the tracking error of flexible load, thereby enhancing the control accuracy of the DFSS-UH.     

斜盘发动机滚动摩擦性能分析

摩擦学特性对发动机功效的发挥起着重要作用,对其进行分析和探讨有助于改善发动机工作性能。基于斜盘发动机基本结构,建立了其内部组件的球滚动摩擦模型和柱滚动摩擦模型,并推导了相应的滚动摩擦力和滚动摩擦系数公式。然后结合某斜盘发动机具体参数,分别计算了球滚动摩擦力、摩擦系数和柱滚动摩擦力、摩擦系数,通过对比,认为柱滚动摩擦力、摩擦系数远小于球滚动摩擦力、摩擦系数。最后分析了摩擦生热、高温环境对发动机摩擦性能的影响,并指出了下一步研究的方向。     

A theory of brakes,an example of a theoretical study of wear

The bases for a theoretical study of wear by friction were given by Th. Reye. Starting from the obvious assumption that the more work done by the friction forces the more material is removed from the worn surface, he was able first to investigate theoretically the mechanics of different types of bearings. The importance of wear by friction is in some mechanical organs, particularly brakes, so great, that the ideas which Reye published 80 years ago still form today the theoretical basis for their design. The present paper is an attempt to go further in these investigations by taking into account two factors which up to now have been neglected: (1) the elastic deformation of the body subjected to wear and (2) the continuous change of its shape in consequence of the wear. The study, which is carried out in a case where the wear effect is particularly evident, the case of brakes, leads to formulas for the determination of the working features of this organ. It explains also in a very clear manner why a certain geometric position of the braking organs is necessary in order to obtain a progressive braking action and why this becomes worse as the wear goes on.     

组织人力资本配置过程的内耗机理及测度研究

本文重点论述了组织中人力资本内耗的机理及其数学描述和量化测度。在组织中,个体既相互协作,又相互内耗,因而,人力资本总量因合作而提升,因内耗而降低。在分析内耗机理的基础上,给出了计算人力资本内耗值的原理和方法,及减少内耗的有效途径。     

多功能摩擦磨损试验机结构设计

对不同固体材料在不同条件下的摩擦磨损实验要求,开发设计了一种多功能摩擦磨损试验机。实现对试验数据的在线或离线采集分析处理,对各种工况可进行选择性模拟试验。能完成往复式摩擦磨损、旋转式摩擦磨损以及滚动式摩擦磨损实验一体化设计,即在同一试验台可实现三种运动方式的试件磨损试验。应用静电感应信号对摩擦磨损状态实施监控观察,并可应用于多种形状、材料夹具摩擦磨损试验,解决了目前摩擦试验机只能试验单一摩擦类型且精度不高的缺点。     

发电机碳刷发热原因及对策

碳刷主要是连接发电机转动部分和静止部分的,并将整流柜输出的电流供给发电机转子,但是在运行中由于通风不良、机械摩擦、接触不好等因素的影响,会引起发热,危及发电机的安全运行。文章通过分析碳刷发热的原因,提出解决措施。     

国外对华实施反补贴政策的关键宏观决策影响因素实证研究

目前,随着我国对外贸易的迅速发展,贸易摩擦已经由企业的微观层面向政府政策的宏观层面发展,反补贴已经成为我国贸易摩擦的新热点,并且国外70％以上反补贴政策实施目标为中国.本研究在构建关键宏观决策影响因素“BN -L”组合模型的基础上,运用2004 - 2009年美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、南非、印度对我国发起的38起反补贴案件及其国内宏观经济发展相关数据,对国外对华实施反补贴政策的关键宏观决策影响因素进行了实证研究,并得出相应结论.同时,选取中关2006年铜版纸案件对研究结论进行进一步的论证与说明.     

摩擦表面形貌研究中的分形理论

摩擦表面的几何特征采用形貌参数描述,基于分形理论及ｎ维分形布朗运动,提出用分形数来描述摩擦表面的几何特征,并证明其反映了摩擦表面形貌的地序程度。     

Skin friction of various surfaces

Measurements were made of the skin friction of various fabrics and surfaces due to interest in the reduction of the skin friction of Zeppelin outer cover.A machine was designed and constructed using Couette type of flow for the purpose of making the measurements. Results obtained with the machine are in general agreement with wind tunnel results.It was found that a smooth surface free from nap, whatever the material, approaches a limiting value for skin friction, and that as a surface becomes smoother any improvement in skin friction becomes increasingly hard to obtain.The results are illustrated by curves.     

后WTO时代我国对外经济五大摩擦探析

2007年是我国加入WTO的第六年,同时也标志着我国市场开放进入了新阶段——"后WTO时代"。在后WTO时代,我国不仅将成为世界上遭遇贸易摩擦最多的国家,而且随着市场开放程度的不断加深,还将逐步遭遇制度性摩擦、投资摩擦、技术性贸易摩擦和环境经济摩擦。本文跳出贸易摩擦研究的传统视野,从上述五大摩擦入手,综合分析了后WTO时代可能出现的我国对外经济摩擦的表现、原因及影响,并在此基础上从宏观和微观两个层面提出了应对之策。     

贸易摩擦对企业双元创新的影响：金融化的调节作用

鉴于企业创新行为存在差异,探讨在当前国际贸易环境不确定性提高的背景下,贸易摩擦对企业不同创新行为所产生的选择效应及作用机制。基于双元创新理论,以2010—2019年沪深A股上市公司为样本进行实证检验,结果发现：贸易摩擦对企业双元创新行为产生的选择效应,相较于渐进式创新,对突破式创新有显著的促进作用;贸易摩擦通过提高企业风险承担能力促进突破式创新;贸易摩擦对探索式创新的促进作用在低产品市场竞争度、非国有企业样本中较为显著;金融化程度对贸易摩擦和突破式创新的正向关系具有显著的抑制效应,即表明企业金融化对创新活动产生替代效应。由此提出企业应正视贸易摩擦既是挑战也是机遇、重视平衡突破式创新和渐进式创新,政府应根据企业异质性特征制定相应创新激励政策。     

家庭教育要走进孩子的心灵

家庭是人的第一所学校,父母是第一任老师,家庭教育对人的一生的发展都起着重要的作用。陈旧的家庭教育观念和不当的家庭教育方式,不利于孩子的健康成长。本文从家庭教育个案入手,剖析了家庭教育问题的成因。家庭生活中,爱是舒缓摩擦的润滑油。因此,家庭教育也要入情入理,走进孩子的心灵。     

静压桩与天津滨海新区土体滑动摩擦的试验研究

静压桩贯入地基时,桩侧面与土之间会产生滑动摩擦.采用改进直剪仪进行试验,研究了静压桩与天津滨海新区土体间的滑动摩擦及其时效性,得出了静压桩与土的外摩擦角及其变化规律,并总结了静压桩与土摩阻力的时效性机理.研究发现滑动摩阻力与土的类型、法向应力有关,且与法向应力近似呈直线关系;随着时间的增长,粘土和淤泥质土与桩之间的摩阻...     

轧制塑性加工中的摩擦机理探究

针对轧制塑性加工中轧件金属发生塑性变形的特点,本文经过理论分析,实验验证,建立一个新的摩擦机理：滚-滑摩擦机理。     

基于土拱效应的筒仓土压力研究

对筒仓小主应力拱形状进行了理论分析,发现墙土摩擦角部分发挥时的小主应力拱形状较充分发挥时平缓。根据土拱形状的理论分析计算平均竖向应力,由此得到了对应不同内摩擦角和墙土摩擦角的侧土压力系数,以及筒仓侧土压力的理论公式。     

产业联盟应用TRIZ加速创新的机理与方法研究

产业联盟的创新活动具有参与主体多、创新问题复杂、伙伴匹配性要求高等特点,从而极易导致创新的低效率,TRIZ理论作为国际公认的重要创新方法之一,能够有效地解决联盟创新中存在的主要问题。首先介绍TRIZ理论基本内容及解决创新问题的流程,在此基础上揭示TRIZ作用于产业联盟创新的机理,设计基于TRIZ的产业联盟创新方向确定方法和创新时间内耗因子控制方法,旨在为加速产业联盟创新提供参考。     

The analytical determination of friction for flow through conical converging dies

The effects of friction upon the intermediate and final distorted grids for wire drawing and/or extrusion were analytically studied for an assumed triangular velocity field. An upper-bound solution for the process was used. This solution predicted that the shape of the final and intermediate distorted grids were functions of the process geometry and of friction. Initially, combinations of reduction and semi-cone angle (α) were found for which the triangular velocity field was energetically preferred over an existing spherical velocity field. The analytical final distorted grids were then compared to experimentally obtained final distorted grids to determine the experimental friction. This was done by plotting calibration curves for distortion where friction served as the parameter and by comparing the actual distortion with the family of calibration curves.