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1.
Ann MacPhail John Halbert Nollaig McEvilly Caroline Hutchinson Ciaran MacDonncha 《Irish Educational Studies》2013,32(1):77-91
Dated and limited research relating to physical education in Ireland has reported that the subject is in crisis, unable to move forward until the fundamental resources of facilities, staffing and time for physical education are significantly improved. As part of a recent national physical education survey carried out in Ireland, data was collected from principals (n=417) and teachers (n=405) to inform discussion on the level of current infrastructure for physical education in post-primary schools. This paper investigates the areas of physical education facilities, time allocation and staffing, as a contribution to the debate on the way forward for physical education at post-primary level, illuminating both issues of policy and practice. 相似文献
2.
In this article I explore a case for the inclusion of some aspects of critical thinking and of philosophy of science within science education that appeals to two commonly accepted aims of science education. Although motivated by reading Harvey Siegel's Educating Reason (1988), and emerging from his discussion there, the aspects I explore go beyond that discussion. 相似文献
3.
王海平 《教学研究(河北)》2004,27(2):134-136
知识创新规律是知识创新学教学的一个主要内容.站在哲学的高度上来谈知识创新规律的构成系统,是很有意义和价值的,对大学生的培养具有指导意义. 相似文献
4.
Prior research in both education and cognitive science has identified analogy making as a powerful tool for explanation as well as a fundamental mechanism for facilitating an individual's construction of knowledge. While a considerable body of research exists focusing on the role analogy plays in learning science concepts, relatively little is known about how instruction in the use of analogies might influence the teaching performance of preservice teachers. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between pedagogical analogy use and pedagogical reasoning ability in a sample of preservice elementary teachers (PTs), a group that has been identified for their particular difficulties in teaching science. The study utilized a treatment/contrast group design in which the treatment group was provided instruction that guided them in the generation of analogies to aid in the explanation phase of learning cycle lessons. A relationship between analogy use and positive indicants of teaching performance was observed and a case study of a low performing preservice teacher who drastically improved teaching performance using analogy‐based pedagogy is presented. A notable effect on conceptual understanding of Newton's Third Law as a result of two brief analogy‐based demonstration lessons was also observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 565–585, 2007. 相似文献
5.
朱晶 《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2020,(7):106-116
科学教育强调学生理解科学的本质,而不仅仅是知识,这是因为科学与社会之间的联系越来越紧密,凸显了将科学看作了解世界的方式在认识论上的重要性。出于个体认识论的需要、科学研究的认识论特征以及科学外行与科学家在认知劳力上的区分,科学教育的目标转向受教育个体未来的社会行动,应培育学生建立对科学的信任和维护科学的认识论权威。为实现这种目标,科学教育应从理解科学的本质转向理解真实的科学实践的本质,在科学教育中呈现真实的而非理想化的科学实践,采纳基于科学哲学模型和理论的实用主义进路。科学哲学对科学实践的新近研究,虽然可以提供理论基础,但应该与科学教育进行建设性对话,更加关注非科学家理解科学的模式,将哲学模型转化为适合学生认知水平和需要、符合教学情境的教学资源。 相似文献
6.
Hyun Ju Park 《Research in Science Education》2007,37(2):217-237
The theory of conceptual change is criticized because it focuses only on supposed underlying logical structures and rational process processes, and lacks attention to affective aspects as well as motivational constructs in students’ learning science. This is a vast underestimation of the complexity and diversity of one’s change of conceptions. The notion of conceptual ecology provides a context for understanding individuals’ conceptual change learning, as it is the environment through which all information is interpreted. This research investigated how high school students’ statements, made in answering questions, reflect selected components of their conceptual ecologies. Data for this study was collected from six interviews in which seven students took part. The data also include the science teacher’s profiles of each student, the students’ personal journals, their assignments, and their examinations and answers in class. The analysis presented will here include only those components that were represented in the discourse of the seven high school students who were interviewed. When students were asked questions, there was evidence of the engagement of the various components of conceptual ecologies. These components include: epistemological commitments, metaphysical beliefs, the affective domain and emotional aspects, the nature of knowledge, the nature of learning, the nature of conceptions, and past experience. Evidence from this study suggests that these components might function as constraints to learning. This study contributes to the field by expanding our knowledge of the components of high school students’ conceptual ecologies through its definition of the categories and themes associated with those components. In examining across the range of components, the study illustrates the variety and sources of science conceptions within high school students’ conceptual ecologies. 相似文献
7.
新中国成立以来特别是二十世纪八十年代以后,我国科学教育得到前所未有的发展。然而在巨大的成就后面,也存在着许多问题。这些问题的存在直接影响了我国科学教育事业的自身发展,同时也制约着效能的发挥。本文着重剖析我国学校科学教育、社会科普教育网络以及科学教育理论体系等方面存在的问题,并提出相应的改革和发展的对策。 相似文献
8.
科学知识社会学视野中的科学教育观 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
科学知识社会学是在解构传统科学基础上产生的。它提出以强纲领摧毁科学知识的客观性,以信念研究张扬科学知识的社会性,以实验室研究揭示科学知识的境域性。科学知识社会学观照下的科学教育坚持如下基本理念:否定知识的客观性和普遍性,张扬相对的科学知识观;重视全面的科学素养,追求多元的目的观;贯通科学与社会,倡导综合的课程观;摒弃简单的知识灌输,坚持建构与对话的教学观。 相似文献
9.
Our study focuses on the correlation of concept map (CMap) structures and learning success tested with short answer tests, taking into particular account the complexity of the subject matter. Novice sixth grade students created CMaps about two subject matters of varying difficulty. The correlation of the complexity of CMaps with the post-test was small but highly significant in both subject matters. The complexity of the CMaps correlated with the long-term knowledge in the difficult subject matter but not in the context of the easy one. Furthermore, the high number of technical errors makes it close to impossible to estimate students’ knowledge. In summary, CMaps do not provide an adequate alternative to conventional short answer knowledge tests, but together with them they may offer a better comprehension of a student’s knowledge structure and aid in the preparation of further instruction tailored to individual needs. 相似文献
10.
邱易安 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2003,2(3):46-48
综合英语是一门集听、说、读、写、译于一体的综合性课程,在大学英语教学中占有举足轻重的地位。了解经验心像的概念、类型、作用、激活与产生作用的过程,构建与扩大经验心像的途径,培养学生经验心像与本信息有机结合的能力,是提高大学综合英语教学效率的有效途径之一。 相似文献
11.
Conceptual knowledge in talk and text: What does it take to understand a science question? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
What is referred to as conceptual knowledge is one of the mostimportant deliverables of modern schooling. Following the dominance of cognitive paradigmsin psychological research, conceptual knowledge is generally construed assomething that lies behind or under performance in concrete social activities. In the presentstudy, students' responses to questions, supposedly tapping conceptual knowledge,have been studied as parts of concrete communicative practices. Our focus has been onthe differences between talk and text. The most frequent approach for generatinginsight into conceptual knowledge is by means of written tests. However, the very mannerin which people handle the demands of this particular form of mediation is seldomattended to. This problem has been studied by means of two items taken from theinternational comparison of knowledge and achievement in mathematics and science, TIMSS.The results reveal that it is highly doubtful if the items test knowledge of scienceconcepts to any significant extent. In both instances, the difficulties students have, asrevealed in the interview setting, seem to be grounded in problems in understanding somedetails in the written questions. These difficulties are generally easily resolved in aninteractive setting. It is argued that the low performance on these items can to a largeextent be accounted for by the abstract and highly demanding form of communication that iswritten language. 相似文献
12.
高等教育发展的知识解读 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在以往与知识和社会的相互关系中,高等教育扮演着传授知识给社会的角色,有着自己的知识定义,知识的主旨是对学术的追问。然而到了当今社会,社会的旨趣已不仅仅是对学术的观照,人们日益把在劳动力市场中具有使用价值的操作知识置于优先考虑的地位,高等教育越来越被视为经济的产物,导致在对高等教育的描述和对学生质量的诉求上,直觉、理解、反思、智慧和批判被淡化了,高等教育的发展呈现出关注规划、数量、收入、产出、绩效、产品的提供能力,以及社会的贡献率的发展取向。为超越这一取向,有必要从知识认识论重新转向的角度探讨高等教育未来发展的走向。 相似文献
13.
当前基础教育改革的若干认识论问题 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章对当前我国基础教育改革中出现的一些认识论问题进行了反思。文章认为 ,当前的基础教育改革在强调能力目标和态度目标时 ,不能同时忽视知识掌握 ;任何课程知识的选择都应该考虑到学生、社会和知识三个维度 ;教学过程作为一种认识过程应该得到深入认识而不是否定 ;应该重构课程知识的权威性或合法性 ;学生知识创新素质的培养应该考虑到当前人类知识增长方式的转变 相似文献
14.
20世纪 90年代初纳米科学技术的迅速发展 ,使人类认知在原子尺度上进入微观领域 ,极大地改变了人们的思维 ,革新了人们的概念。针对纳米科技与其它各类科学在微观尺度上的结合 ,作者提出了建立微观认识论的必要性 ,必然要促进马克思主义认识论的发展。针对纳米科技发展的特点 ,怎样从哲学认识论上来概括现代科学技术革命的最新成就 ,为科学技术发展提供科学的认识方法 ,将对 2 1世纪自然科学的发展产生深远的影响。 相似文献
15.
筛选、编制和传递公共知识,一直是学校教育的主要任务。从主体构成来看",复合主体性"是公共知识的一个最为显著的特征;从基本向度来看,公共知识具有明显的"认识向度"的特征;从认知方式来看,公共知识所遵循的是科学认识论路线;从来源和发展过程来看,公共知识主要表征为间接经验;从实际内容来看,公共知识主要表征为本质、科学、规律、真理等形式;从基本性质来看,公共知识具有明显的客观性、普遍性、确定性;从知识信念来看,公共知识是所谓的现代主义知识观所认同并给予辩护的一种知识类型。 相似文献
16.
Following the end of World War I, the Ontario Department of Education initiated a series of reforms aimed at both elementary and secondary schooling. This article examines the reforms that were made to elementary school curriculum and pedagogy. These were initiated within the context of a call for a general reconstruction of education and society as a response to the tragic consequences of World War I. They were also based on a series of denunciations that identified scientific materialism, the unity of science and psychology, as the principal causes of war. In numerous public declarations, the religious, political, and education elite of the province expressed their belief that scientific materialism and the unity of science posed an obstacle to the development of education in the province. Although these reforms were the result of a political assessment that fervently rejected scientism, they were, in fact, underpinned by a positivist science that entailed processes of counting, measuring, and sorting to build a system of state-directed human capital formation. This article considers the nature of the scientific knowledge that underscored elementary school reform and assesses whether it represented a significant departure or simply a reconfiguration of knowledge and techniques that ensured the state’s ability to govern and administrate. 相似文献
17.
A model of conceptual change in physics was tested on introductory‐level, college physics students. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships among variables linked to conceptual change in physics including an approach goal orientation, need for cognition, motivation, and course grade. Conceptual change in physics was determined using gains from pre‐ to post‐administration of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). Results indicated that need for cognition and approach goals had a significant influence on motivation. Motivation influenced change scores on the FCI both directly, and indirectly, through course grade. Finally, course grade directly influenced conceptual change. The implications of these findings for future research and developing students' conceptual change in physics are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 901–918, 2011 相似文献
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19.
从世界观的概念引入科学教育以来,科学世界观的培养日益引起科学教育的重视。科学世界观作为学生在与所生活的社会文化及外在环境的互动交往中,它对周围事物及自然现象的认识、解释与反应所形成的一套自成逻辑的思维方式,影响着学生掌握科学概念、科学方法以及科学情感、态度与价值观。为此,转变学生的科学世界观,成为了促进学生实现概念转变的科学教育的重要途径。学生世界观的转换,与其所生活的社会文化环境息息相关。在当前多元化的科学教育背景下,需要培养学生的探究精神,以形成有意义的科学世界观。 相似文献
20.
Michael B. Medland 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2007,16(2):119-153
Change and complexity are creating a need for increasing levels of literacy in science and technology. Presently, we are beginning to provide students with clear contexts in which to learn, including clearly written text, visual displays and maps, and more effective instruction. We are also beginning to give students tools that promote their own literacy by helping them to interact with the learning context. These tools include peer-group skills as well as strategies to analyze text and to indicate comprehension by way of text summaries and concept maps. Even with these tools, more appears to be needed. Disparate backgrounds and languages interfere with the comprehension and the sharing of knowledge. To meet this need, two new tools are proposed. The first tool fractures language ontologically, giving all learners who use it a language to talk about what has, and what has not, been uttered in text or talk about the world. The second fractures language epistemologically, giving those involved in working with text or on the world around them a way to talk about what they have done and what remains to be done. Together, these tools operate as a two- tiered knowledge representation of knowledge. This representation promotes both an individual meta-cognitive and a social meta-cognitive approach to what is known and to what is not known, both ontologically and epistemologically. Two hypotheses guide the presentation: If the tools are taught during early childhood, children will be prepared to master science and technology content. If the tools are used by both students and those who design and deliver instruction, the learning of such content will be accelerated. 相似文献