山药多糖对糖尿病大鼠胰岛素及血小板数的影响

目的:观察山药多糖对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠胰岛素以及血小板数的影响.方法:将四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠分成正常大鼠对照组、糖尿病模型对照组及治疗组,其中治疗组包括二甲双胍组和山药多糖小、中、大三个剂量组,二甲双胍组大鼠每日每只灌服二甲双胍剂量为0.8mg/kg,山药多糖小、中、大剂量组大鼠每日每只分别灌服50mg/kg、75mg/kg、100mg/kg的山药多糖精品.正常大鼠对照组、糖尿病模型大鼠对照组每日每只灌服等体积的生理盐水.灌服15d后进入实验程序的大鼠进行血糖测量.结果:与正常对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠血清胰岛素水平显著降低(P<0.01);山药多糖各剂量组的胰岛素水平无明显变化;与二甲双胍组比较,山药多糖各组胰岛素水平明显增高.山药多糖三个剂量组的血小板数与模型对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.01),与正常对照组比较无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:山药多糖对糖尿病大鼠的胰岛功能具有保护作用,能抑制血小板的异常激活和聚集.     

野生慈姑多糖对糖尿病小鼠血糖和血脂作用研究

本文旨在观察野生慈姑多糖对四氧嘧啶(ALX)性糖尿病小鼠血糖和血脂的影响。通过以四氧嘧啶(ALX)建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分别用慈姑多糖低、中、高剂量(187.5、370、750mg/kg)及阳性对照药消渴丸(600mg/kg)灌胃,正常对照组及糖尿病模型对照组则给等体积生理盐水,连续给药14d,发现:慈姑多糖对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响(P>0.05),低、中、高剂量慈姑多糖均能降低ALX性糖尿病小鼠高血糖(P<0.01),同时,相同剂量的慈姑多糖还能降低ALX性糖尿病小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P<0.01),中、高剂量慈姑多糖使糖尿病小鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著回升(P<0.05),但低剂量慈姑多糖对糖尿病小鼠血清HDL-C则无明显影响(P>0.05),继而得出:慈姑多糖能明显降低ALX性糖尿病小鼠血糖及血脂。     

富硒泉水对糖尿病大鼠血糖和脂质代谢的影响

目的:探讨富硒泉水对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢的影响.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠分成4组,制备四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠模型,分别用富硒泉水或蒸馏水灌胃;6周后,取血清检测空腹血糖、血清总胆固醇、甘油三脂、HDL-C和LDL-C含量.结果:富硒泉水可以改善四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠生长状况,降低其空腹血糖、甘油三脂含量,提高HDL-C水平.结论:富硒泉水在一定程度上改善了四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢的紊乱.     

慈姑多糖降血糖的生物活性研究

目的：考察慈姑多糖对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响。方法：采用皮下一次性注射190mg／kg四氧嘧啶致实验性糖尿病小鼠,观察慈姑多糖不同剂量（0．75g／kg,0．375g／kg）对糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖的影响。结果：慈姑多糖高、低剂量组能显著性降低血糖水平（P〈0．05）。结论：慈姑多糖具有一定的降血糖作用。     

免疫初乳对正常和实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的研究免疫初乳对正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响.方法用正常小鼠和糖尿病模型小鼠研究免疫初乳调节血糖的作用.连续30d给予正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠免疫初乳,30d后眼眶取血,取其血清测定小鼠空腹血清血糖.结论免疫初乳能显著降低四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠的血糖水平并提高其糖耐量,且高剂量免疫初乳组的效果好于低剂量组的效果.但免疫初乳对正常小鼠的血清血糖及糖耐量没有影响.     

知母多糖对家兔血糖的影响

[目的]〗研究知母多糖(Anemam,AM)对家兔血糖的影响.[方法]制备家兔高血糖模型,用不同剂量组的AM和D860后,测定对照组、AM组、D860组的血糖.[结果]AM1次灌胃2mg/kg,20mg/kg可显著降低四氧嘧啶引起的家兔血糖升高;AM1次灌胃20mg/kg对正常家兔血糖无明显影响,200mg/kg可降低正常家兔血糖.[结论]AM与D860同样具有实验性降低血糖作用.     

中强度运动对糖尿病大鼠脂代谢影响研究

将两月龄Wister大鼠随机分为正常对照组（C）和糖尿病建模组（DM）,给DM组大鼠分别按50mg/kg分两次尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病模型.建模成功后,再将DM组的大鼠分为安静组（DQ）、低强度运动组（DSL）、中强度运动组（DSM）和高强度运动组（DSH）;DSL组、DSM组、DSH组分别按确定的强度进行6周的跑台运动训练.6周后发现,三个运动组大鼠FBG、TG、TC、DLD-C都低于DQ组,而HDL-C、血清Ins高于DQ组;在三个运动组之间,DSM组的FBG最低,体重、血清Ins最高;在对改善脂代谢上,DSL组TC最低,DSM组TG、DLD-C最低,DSH组HDL-C最高.这说明中强度跑台运动（27m/min）对糖尿病大鼠血糖的降低、血清胰岛素水平的提高及脂代谢的改善效果最为明显.     

妇乐冲剂的抗炎镇痛及抑菌作用

妇乐冲剂显著减轻鸡蛋清引起的大鼠足跖肿胀程度,对链球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌有显著抑制作用,其最小抑菌浓度分别为62.5g/L,13.12g/L,6.5g/L.妇乐冲剂延长小鼠热板法痛反应的潜伏期,减少小鼠注射醋酸后引起的扭体次数,有显著的镇痛作用.     

半胱胺对AA肉鸡肌肉品质的影响

目的:研究日粮中添加不同比例的半胱胺对AA肉鸡肌肉品质的影响.方法:将1 d 400只AA肉鸡随机分成四组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组),其中,第Ⅰ组为对照组,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,第Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂基础日粮添加50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、150 mg/kg半胱胺,在7周龄时进行肌肉品质的测定.结果:试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组胸肌纤维直径显著大于对照组Ⅰ (P＜0.05),日粮中添加不同比例的半胱胺能显著增加胸肌纤维直径,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌纤维直径差异不显著(P＞0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的胸肌肌肉剪切值与对照组Ⅰ差异显著(P＜0.05),试验Ⅳ组与对照组Ⅰ的肌肉剪切值差异极显著(P＜0.01),日粮中添加不同比例的半胱胺提高肌肉剪切值,降低肌肉嫩度;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的胸肌肌肉失水率、肉色(L、a、b值)与对照组Ⅰ差异不显著(P＞0.05),日粮中添加不同比例的半胱胺对肌肉失水率、肉色无显著的影响.结论:AA肉鸡日粮中分别添加50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、150 mg/kg半胱胺,在增加肉鸡生长速度的同时,能显著增加肌纤维直径,显著增加肌肉剪切力,降低肌肉嫩度,但对肌肉失水率和肉色没有显著影响.     

四黄汤对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用的研究

目的:探讨四黄汤对实验性糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾脏保护作用的机理.方法:Wistar大鼠40只,链脲佐菌素(STZ)注射方法造模,将造模成功的32只大鼠随机分为模型组、四黄汤大剂量组、四黄汤小剂量组、开博通组4组,每组8只.另选8只性别、体重配对的大鼠做正常对照组.大剂量组给予四黄汤液40g/kg/d,小剂量组给予四黄汤液20g/kg/d,开博通组给予开博通混悬液10mg/kg/d,以上均每日一次,总疗程6周.实验过程中记录动物一般状态,并在最后一次给药后,禁食8h,称重后断头取血检测血糖、胰岛素、血脂、尿微量白蛋白、内皮素、血栓素等各项指标.取左肾称重,右肾固定,按常规制作石蜡切片和超薄切片,在光镜和电镜下观察肾脏病理变化.结果:四黄汤大剂量组的血糖、血脂、尿微量白蛋白、胰岛素、内皮素、血栓素各项指标均有明显改善.结论:四黄汤对实验性糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾脏有保护作用.     

Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helichrysum plicatum</Emphasis> DC. subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">plicatum</Emphasis> ethanol extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic or protective effects of Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum ethanol extract (HPE) against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty-six Sprague Dawley male rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were used as live material. They were formed into six groups containing 6 rats each and were allowed to adapt to laboratory conditions for 7 d. Group I: control, 5% DMSO intraperitoneal (i.p.); Group II: HPE 100 mg/(kg·d) i.p.; Group III: HPE 200 mg/(kg·d) i.p.; Group IV: gentamicin as 80 mg/(kg·d) i.p.; Group V: gentamicin as 80 mg/(kg·d) i.p.+HPE 100 mg/(kg·d) i.p.; and Group VI: gentamicin as 80 mg/(kg·d) i.p.+HPE 200 mg/(kg·d) i.p. for 8 d. Following treatment, serum, liver, and kidney tissues were used to assess blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. Gentamicin significantly increased serum BUN, creatinin, and liver and kidney levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). It also decreased the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Treatment with the HPE 100 mg/kg reversed gentamicin-induced alterations as evidenced by decreased serum BUN and creatinin, liver and kidney oxidant marker, and tubular necrosis as well as by an increase in antioxidant enzymes. It was found that HPE 200 mg/kg significantly increased liver and kidney tissue MDA levels in nephrotoxicity in rats. As a result, these findings support the proposition that HPE in 100 mg/kg dose demonstrates in the kidney and liver as free radicals and scavenger to prevent the toxic effects of gentamicin in both the biochemical and histopathology parameters.     

松寿丹对实验性心脑缺氧的保护作用

本实验对松寿丹(SSD)对实验性小鼠心脑缺氧的保护作用及与血脂的关系进行了研究。实验结果证明:①SSD对NaNO_2中毒所致急性血液性缺氧有保护作用,1.6g/kgP<0.05;②能显著降低高脂饲养动物血清胆固醇含量,0.8g/kg和0.4g/kg两组均P<0.01;③对高脂饲养动物耐NaNO_2缺氧有保护作用,0.8g/kg组P<0.05。提示松寿丹不仅对单纯血液性缺氧有保护作用,而且还通过其显著的降血脂作用改善循环性缺氧,提高机体耐缺氧能力。     

Effect of tramadol on immune responses and nociceptive thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain

Objective: To evaluate the effects oftramadol on the proinflammatory responses in a rat model of incisional pain by investigating its effects on nociceptive thresholds and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 levels. Methods: Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats scheduled for plantar incision were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=6 in each group). Rats in Group 1 receiving general anesthesia with no incision were served as control; At 30 min before skin incision, Groups 2～5 were given 5 ml normal saline or 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg tramadol, respectively, intraperitoneally (i.p.); Group 6 received 10 mg/kg tramadol after operation; Group 7 received 10 mg/kg tramadol before incision, followed by 200 μg/kg naloxone after operation. Mechanical allodynia was measured by electronic von Frey filament to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds 1 h before incision, and 1 h and 2 h after operation. Serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 2 h after operation. Results: Mechanical thresholds decreased significantly and serum IL-6 level increased significantly after operation in Group 2 compared with control (P＜0.01), and these changes were reversed respectively by tramadol in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01, respectively). IL-2 level remained unchanged after operation in Group 2, but decreased in Group 3 (P＜0.05), then gradually returned to the normal level in Groups 4 and 5. The intraperitoneally injected tramadol (10 and 20 mg/kg) produced a potent and dose-dependent antinocicptive effect on the lesioned paw. The antinocicptive effects of tramadol were partially an-tagonized by naloxone (200 μg/kg), suggesting an additional non-opioid mechanism. Conclusion: The results suggest that tramadol could be a good choice for the treatment of pain under the conditions that immunosuppression may be particularly contraindicated.     

小鼠肠道菌群失调动物模型的制备

用乳糖酸红霉素（2．94g／kg）、头孢氨苄（6．19g／kg）、盐酸林可霉素（2．02g／kg）、氨苄西林钠（5．5g／kg）,3次／天,连续10天灌服小鼠,分别于灌服后第2d、4d、6d、8d、10d、12d、14d、16d对直肠和盲肠粪便中杆菌和球菌的菌落数进行测定。结果表明：灌服抗生素后杆菌菌落数量减少,球菌菌落数量增加,取代杆菌成为直肠和盲肠中的优势菌群;停药后第6d,除盐酸林可霉素组外,其它灌服组杆菌和球菌数量均可逐渐恢复。结论：乳糖酸红霉素、头孢氨苄、盐酸林可霉素及氨苄西林钠均能导致小鼠肠道菌群失调,其中盐酸林可霉素对肠道杆菌的抑制作用较明显,诱导效果较稳定和持久。     

Stability of a type 2 diabetes rat model induced by high-fat diet feeding with low-dose streptozotocin injection

Objective

The present study aims at determining the stability of a popular type 2 diabetes rat model induced by a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection.

Methods

Wistar rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by a one-time injection of 25 or 35 mg/kg streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes. Then the diabetic rats were fed with regular diet/high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Changes in biochemical parameters were monitored during the 4 weeks.

Results

All the rats developed more severe dyslipidemia and hepatic dysfunction after streptozotocin injection. The features of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin rats more resembled type 1 diabetes with decreased body weight and blood insulin. Rats with 25 mg/kg streptozotocin followed by normal diet feeding showed normalized blood glucose level and pancreatic structure, indicating that normal diet might help recovery from certain symptoms of type 2 diabetes. In comparison, diabetic rats fed with high-fat diet presented decreased but relatively stable blood glucose level, and this was significantly higher than that of the control group (P&gt;0.05).

Conclusions

This model easily recovers with normal diet feeding. A high-fat diet is suggested as the background diet in future pharmacological studies using this model.

     

苦参总碱抗心律失常作用的实验研究

苦参总碱（Tital　Alkaloid　of　Sophora　Flavescens,TASF）20mg/kg,40mg/kg能明显对抗鸟头碱20ug/kg,BaCl2 2mg/kg和结扎左冠状动脉前降支诱发大鼠的室性心律失常.TASF也能明显对抗CaCl2-Ach（CaCl20.6％+Ach　0.0025％）混合液10ml/kg诱发小鼠心房纤颤或扑动.大鼠心电图（ECG）试验证明TASF有负性频率作用,负性传导作用.这些作用可能是TASF抗心律失常作用的药理学基础.     

生姜醇提物对糖尿病小鼠肾损害保护作用的研究

目的：探讨生姜醇提物对糖尿病小鼠肾损害的保护作用。方法：将30只KM种雄性小鼠随机分为三组,正常对照组（C组,n=10）、模型组（DM组,n=10）及生姜醇提物干预组（ZGB组,n=10）。DM组及ZGB组小鼠尾静脉注射2％四氧嘧啶（90mg／kg）建立糖尿病肾损害模型。造模成功后,ZGB组给予生姜醇提物溶液0．5mL（300mg／kg·d）灌胃14d,DM组及C组给予生理盐水灌胃。14d后小鼠断头取血,测定血糖、血清肌酐、尿素氮含量,检测肾组织丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力的变化,光镜下观察肾组织病理学改变。结果：与DM组比较,ZGB组血糖、血肌酐及尿素氮水平明显低于DM组（P〈0．01）;肾组织MDA含量明显低于DM组（P〈0．01）,而T—SOD活力则较DM组升高（P〈0．01）。光镜下ZGB组肾脏组织形态学的异常改变较模型组减轻。结论：生姜醇提物对糖尿病小鼠的肾损害有一定的保护作用。     

A mixed design reveals that glucose moieties facilitate extinction of a conditioned taste aversion in rats

Separate groups of water-deprived rats had four trials with 15-min access to 0.0073 M saccharin, 0.3 M alanine, 0.3 M glucose, 0.1 M maltose, 0.3 M fructose, 0.06 M sucrose, or 0.03 M Polycose. Trials 1–3 were followed by injections of either 0.15 M LiCl (1.33 ml/100 g b.w., i.p.) or saline; Trial 4 (Test) was CS only. Extinction included either 48-h access to water alone or to the appropriate CS, both followed by a 24-h, two-bottle choice of CS and water. This 3-day cycle was repeated five to six times. All rats acquired comparable conditioned taste aversions (CTAs), but extinction rates varied with the test and the taste CS. No CTA extinguished during the two-bottle choices following 2 water days. During one-bottle CS exposure, all CTAs extinguished, but the aversion continued longer in the probe two-bottle tests. Intake of glucose moieties recovered rapidly, often in two cycles; the other CSs took four to six cycles. Thus, CTA extinction varies with the nature of the taste CS.     

对“97号”车用无铅汽油的质疑

车用汽油无铅化后 ,北京的加油站销售的 97号无铅汽油名实不符。国家标准中没有 97号无铅汽油 ,该牌号汽油应为国标中的 95号无铅汽油。这可能是在同时供应含铅、无铅各三个牌号的两类汽油时 ,无铅汽油沿用含铅汽油牌号称谓 ,把 95号无铅汽油对应叫成 97号含铅汽油。汽油牌号不同 ,辛烷值不同。辛烷值越高 ,抗爆指数越大 ,反映汽油抗爆燃的性能越好。汽油的辛烷值 ,是汽车选油的依据 ,选用有误就会影响汽车的使用性能