从创新生态系统视角分析中国光伏产业的追赶与超越

近十年来,中国光伏产业迅速发展,并成功追赶和超越其他发达国家成为全球光伏产业领导者。基于创新生态系统视角,本研究探索中国光伏产业追赶与超越的机制。通过对中国光伏企业的案例分析发现,在进入阶段,中国光伏企业利用国际市场需求机会窗口,通过嵌入全球创新生态系统进行技术引进、建立合法性、获取国际资本来提高企业绩效。在追赶和超越阶段,中国光伏企业利用创新生态系统互补性技术机会窗口,通过选择性地知识共享、上下游合作创新、形成全产业链及集聚效应、互补性技术创新来建立本地创新生态系统,以提高绩效并实现追赶和超越。此外,在超越阶段,中国政府帮助光伏企业培育本地下游市场需求,中国光伏企业利用制度政策机会窗口稳固了本地创新生态系统,有效协调生态上下游企业共同创新,保持了中国光伏产业的领先地位。     

A Survey on Blockchain for Information Systems Management and Security

Blockchain technologies have grown in prominence in recent years, with many experts citing the potential applications of the technology in regard to different aspects of any industry, market, agency, or governmental organizations. In the brief history of blockchain, an incredible number of achievements have been made regarding how blockchain can be utilized and the impacts it might have on several industries. The sheer number and complexity of these aspects can make it difficult to address blockchain potentials and complexities, especially when trying to address its purpose and fitness for a specific task. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of applying blockchain as a service for applications within today’s information systems. The survey gives the reader a deeper perspective on how blockchain helps to secure and manage today information systems. The survey contains a comprehensive reporting on different instances of blockchain studies and applications proposed by the research community and their respective impacts on blockchain and its use across other applications or scenarios. Some of the most important findings this survey highlights include the fact that blockchain’s structure and modern cloud- and edge-computing paradigms are crucial in enabling a widespread adaption and development of blockchain technologies for new players in today unprecedented vibrant global market. Ensuring that blockchain is widely available through public and open-source code libraries and tools will help to ensure that the full potential of the technology is reached and that further developments can be made concerning the long-term goals of blockchain enthusiasts.     

所有制视角下服务资源、动态能力和竞争优势：基于中国科技服务业的实证研究

目前,中国正面临从计划经济向市场经济转型,产权制度成为制约科技服务业竞争力的重要因素。本研究在回收全国1150份有效问卷的基础上,针对不同所有制科技服务机构的资源、动态能力和竞争优势构建了关系模型,并进行了实证分析,旨在探讨不同所有制下服务资源、动态能力和竞争优势间传导机制、影响路径以及彼此间的差异。研究表明：所有制对不同类型服务机构资源、动态能力和竞争优势的影响路径和传导机制存在差异,并且在不同所有制下动态能力均起到部分中介作用,中介作用的强度从大到小依次是国有企业、民营企业、事业单位。因此,可以发现,在当前产权制度下,各类机构的竞争力均受到限制且影响机制各异,分别采取相应措施提高科技服务机构的动态能力有助于提高服务机构的竞争优势。     

行业科协法律地位与发展模式探析

行业科协在整合行业科技资源、促进企业技术创新与行业整体发展方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,然而,当前行业科协还未取得合法地位,无法独立开展活动。在分析行业科协内涵与概况的基础上,着重探讨了行业科协的法律地位,通过与行业协会的比较分析,指出行业科协应该成为独立的社团法人,最后分析了在当前条件下行业科协开展活动可以采取的几种模式,以期为实践提供参考借鉴。     

医药品专利与“2010年问题”

医药品的专利保护促进了医药产业的发展,但也给社会带来了经济平衡和公共卫生方面的矛盾和冲突。2010年前后许多支柱药品在美国的专利保护到期,世界医药品业界将发生新的环境变化。医药品业界的＂2010年问题＂对属于发展中国家的中国来说既是机遇也是挑战。我们只有在了解专利药品业界的特点、努力开发自主创新的专利的同时,加强仿制药品的生产和销售,才能获得更大的市场和商机。     

Exploring E-Commerce Benefits for Businesses in a Developing Country

Developing countries are home to more than 80% of the world's population, and are the site for growing use of e-commerce. There are theoretical claims that e-commerce could bring significant benefits to firms in developing countries, but we know very little empirically about the actual outcomes of e-commerce implementation. Our article addresses this gap in knowledge through a survey of 92 businesses in South Africa, all of which have moved beyond the basic stage of e-commerce. The findings indicate that e-commerce benefits are, by and large, limited to improvements in intra- and interorganizational communications. More strategic benefits relating to market access, customer/supplier linkages or cost savings were not found in the majority (more than 80%) of organizations surveyed. This therefore limits the likelihood of broader benefits such as incorporation into global supply chains, disintermediation, and improved competitiveness. Turning this somewhat disappointing e-commerce picture around requires a multiprong strategy aimed at building the resources and capabilities of businesses, developing electronic-mediated business routines with partners and customers, and addressing national e-readiness and global trade regulation issues.     

中国煤炭资源消费状况与价格形成机制研究

在中国的一次能源消费结构中,煤炭资源的比重一直是最高的,已成为国家制定的“2020发展规划”顺利实现的关键因素之一。煤炭价格形成方面存在着众多非市场化的问题,致使煤炭价格出现了绝对价格较低。比价不合理等严重阻碍煤炭市场健康发展的问题,对煤炭资源的合理利用、煤炭相关行业乃至整个国民经济发展造成较大的影响。自2006年下半年开始,国家采取了一系列煤炭价格市场化改革措施,但均收效不大,其根本原因在于煤炭价格形成机制的不合理,主要表现在：煤炭成本核算不完整,其价格并不能反映资源成本与费用。为此．应在明确改革和完善煤炭价格形成机制的目标与原则的基础上,构建合理的煤炭价格形成机制,以促进国内煤炭市场的发展和成熟,推进煤炭产、运、销、需企业的改革发展,有效缓解煤炭供需压力,保障有关各方利益。     

To have or to be? The interplay between knowledge structure and market identity in knowledge-based alliance formation

We explore how a firm’s knowledge structure characteristics and market identity—as reflected in its position in the industry value chain and market status—influence knowledge-based alliance (KBA) formation. We propose that a firm’s propensity to form KBAs is affected by the congruence (or misalignment) between its knowledge structure characteristics (i.e., knowledge depth and scope) and the role it plays in the industry, as demanded by its position in the value chain. We further argue that while a firm’s market status can amplify the positive effect of the congruence, thereby enhancing a firm’s proclivity to form KBAs, being prominent can also hurt a firm when it faces a misalignment between its knowledge structure characteristics and externally induced expectations related to its value chain position. We validate our arguments using panel data on 1051 firm-year observations for 197 firms patenting in the global fuel cell industry for the period 1999–2009. By developing a richer understanding of the relationship between a firm’s knowledge-based resources and KBA formation, we answer the call for a better understanding of how and when firms can leverage their internal knowledge configurations to improve their proclivity to form alliances.     

社会转型期非营利组织开展公益性信息服务的困境与出路

社会转型时期,非营利组织在我国迅速发展,其在公益性信息服务中的作用和地位日益突显。然而,随着社会主义市场经济体制的深度发展,非营利组织在开展公益性信息服务方面陷入了困境。该文在概述非营利组织开展公益性信息服务的基础上,分析了其在公益性信息服务方面遇到的困境,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

知识经济环境下图书馆的发展与产业化

本文郑重阐述了在知识经济和市场经济条件下，图书馆发展建设的取向问题，预示了现代化图书馆的必然发展趋势将实现产业化。彻底转变人们那种图书馆纯公益事业、纯消费单位的观念，使之成为一门产业。     

Engaging the Business/Industrial Sector in Accessibility Research: Lessons in Bridge Building

This article examines challenges of engaging the business/industry sector in research on the use of information technology to enhance accessibility for people with disabilities in two areas of common interest—to employment and to public and retail services. The data presented arise from the joint effort of two research teams who independently encountered challenges in engaging private sector firms in their respective projects. Using a case study approach, the experiences of both groups were examined for themes representing factors that inhibited collaboration between research and business sectors, and those that enhanced collaboration. Trustworthiness of themes was established by submitting them for critique and feedback to key informants knowledgeable in both business and research. From a social systems theory perspective, findings suggest that the most important differences between research and business systems reside in the meaning of communication each uses, and differences in assumptions about and value placed on factors such as pursuit of new knowledge, the importance of marketability of findings, and so on. Additional complications arise in pursuit of research related to disability. Factors to build on when seeking research collaboration include an understanding of the language and culture of business systems, and the very real possibility of developing disability research into secondary goals that business systems typically pursue once the prime need for profitability has been at addressed (the notion of satisficing). Implications for communication between disability research and business systems are identified.     

Barriers to Interorganizational Information Sharing in e-Government: A Stakeholder Analysis

Government agencies often face trade-offs in developing initiatives that address a public good given competing concerns of various constituent groups. Efforts to construct data warehouses that enable data mining of citizens’ personal information obtained from other organizations (including sister agencies) create a complex challenge, since privacy concerns may vary across constituent groups whose priorities diverge from agencies’ e-government goals. In addition to privacy concerns, participating government agencies’ priorities related to the use of the information may also be in conflict. This article reports on a case study of the Integrated Non-Filer Compliance System used by the California Franchise Tax Board for which data are collected from federal, state, and municipal agencies and other organizations in a data mining application that aims to identify residents who under-report income or fail to file tax returns. This system pitted the public good (ensuring owed taxes are paid) against citizen concerns about privacy. Drawing on stakeholder theory, the authors propose a typology of four stakeholder groups (data controllers, data subjects, data providers, and secondary stakeholders) to address privacy concerns and argue that by ensuring procedural fairness for the data subjects, agencies can reduce some barriers that impede the successful adoption of e-government applications and policies. The article concludes that data controllers can reduce adoption and implementation barriers when e-government data mining applications rely on data shared across organizational boundaries: identify legitimate stakeholders and their concerns prior to implementation; enact procedures to ensure procedural fairness when data are captured, shared, and used; explain to each constituency how the data mining application helps to ensure distributive fairness; and continue to gauge stakeholders’ responses and ongoing concerns as long as the application is in use.     

Exploring E-Commerce Benefits for Businesses in a Developing Country

Developing countries are home to more than 80% of the world's population, and are the site for growing use of e-commerce. There are theoretical claims that e-commerce could bring significant benefits to firms in developing countries, but we know very little empirically about the actual outcomes of e-commerce implementation. Our article addresses this gap in knowledge through a survey of 92 businesses in South Africa, all of which have moved beyond the basic stage of e-commerce. The findings indicate that e-commerce benefits are, by and large, limited to improvements in intra- and interorganizational communications. More strategic benefits relating to market access, customer/supplier linkages or cost savings were not found in the majority (more than 80%) of organizations surveyed. This therefore limits the likelihood of broader benefits such as incorporation into global supply chains, disintermediation, and improved competitiveness. Turning this somewhat disappointing e-commerce picture around requires a multiprong strategy aimed at building the resources and capabilities of businesses, developing electronic-mediated business routines with partners and customers, and addressing national e-readiness and global trade regulation issues.     

Deploying information technologies for organizational innovation: Lessons from case studies

Organizations must innovate if they are to survive in today's fiercely competitive marketplace. In this paper, we explore how leading organizations are using emerging technologies to enable novel forms of ideation that can radically increase the sheer volume of ideas they explore. In addition, we outline how organizations use technologies to cost effectively manage this increased volume of ideas by optimizing generation, mobilization, advocacy and screening, experimentation, commercialization, and even the diffusion and implementation of ideas. Critical to this is the management of knowledge during the innovation process.     

发展低碳绿色能源 打造太阳能产业强省

当前,山东省太阳能产业面临良好的发展机遇。"十二五"期间山东省将进一步明确太阳能产业发展思路和目标任务,坚持市场导向、企业主体,政府推动、政策扶持的方针,采取自主创新、科技支撑、标准先行、示范带动、品牌培育等措施,规范和开拓太阳能产业市场,逐步实现企业规模化、产品标准化、技术自主化、市场规范化、产业聚集化,推动太阳能产业实现新突破,努力将山东打造成为太阳能产业强省。     

Global E-Commerce: Impacts of National Environment and Policy,edited by Kenneth L. Kraemer,Jason Dedrick,Nigel P. Melville,and Kevin Zhu. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. xxii + 444 pp. $75.00 cloth. ISBN 0-521-84822-9

The potential of public Internet-based B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce applications to facilitate access to global markets and to reduce market entry barriers is a dominant theme in the burgeoning literature on e-commerce and international development. It is often assumed that these applications will enable producer firms in developing countries to benefit from reductions in the transaction costs they must incur to participate in international trade. Drawing on data from a detailed analysis of 117 B2B e-hubs in the garments/apparel and agriculture/horticulture sectors, it is argued in this article that the kinds of transaction-related support services available at these online trading platforms are more limited in their scope and functionality than is often assumed in the literature on B2B e-commerce development. The findings suggest that the mere application of, and access to, technologies such as the public Internet and the World Wide Web is not likely to enable a reduction in overall transaction costs that is sufficient to facilitate entry into new global markets by developing country producer firms.     

Does This Site Deliver? B2B E-Commerce Services for Developing Countries

The potential of public Internet-based B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce applications to facilitate access to global markets and to reduce market entry barriers is a dominant theme in the burgeoning literature on e-commerce and international development. It is often assumed that these applications will enable producer firms in developing countries to benefit from reductions in the transaction costs they must incur to participate in international trade. Drawing on data from a detailed analysis of 117 B2B e-hubs in the garments/apparel and agriculture/horticulture sectors, it is argued in this article that the kinds of transaction-related support services available at these online trading platforms are more limited in their scope and functionality than is often assumed in the literature on B2B e-commerce development. The findings suggest that the mere application of, and access to, technologies such as the public Internet and the World Wide Web is not likely to enable a reduction in overall transaction costs that is sufficient to facilitate entry into new global markets by developing country producer firms.     

国际产能合作实施的战略价值及模拟分析——基于"两种资源、两个市场"统筹利用视角

构建了资源对接价值分析模型,并以光伏产业为例开展了模拟分析.结果表明,国际产能合作对于促进全球产业链上中下游的多方共赢和包容式发展具有重要意义,国际产能合作有效促进了国内外合作企业的产能、技术和市场资源共享对接.在与发达国家合作中,以我国输出产能、利用技术和部分输出市场资源为主;在与发展中国家合作中,以我国输出产能和技术资源、利用市场资源为主.     

创新驱动的市场形成与需求侧政策

创新可以创造一个原本没有的潜在市场,而市场也可以"定义"创新。创新市场的塑造需要企业、行业组织、公众以及用户等的广泛参与,同时政府通过国家宏观法律、法规、规制等行政手段也推动了新兴市场的设计与形成。本研究旨在从市场与创新的协同演化关系出发,在创新市场的内涵与特点、创新市场的形成机制探讨上对政府在创新市场培育与发展中的重要角色与作用机制进行研究,并提出以需求侧创新政策为主导的嵌入市场的政策体系。     

纯电动汽车车载充电技术的发展研究

纯电动汽车作为汽车工业的未来发展方向,近年来发展势头良好。车载充电技术作为纯电动汽车领域的关键技术之一,一直以来各大汽车公司以及科研单位等都视之为研究的重点。通过分析全球以及中国的车载充电技术专利申请趋势、研究热点及高产机构分布,得出全球的技术发展特点,得知中国在这一领域具有的优势和不足。随着车载充电技术的迅速发展,中国需要抓住发展机遇,加快技术研发和专利布局的步伐。