Reconstruction and virtual model of the Schickard calculator

Exhibition of objects such as paintings or historical artefacts often involves a common problem: the objects presented are unique, delicate and, therefore, very valuable. On the other hand, these objects should be made accessible to scholars and educators. We present an application of modern 3D computer graphics in the field of reconstructing ancient scientific instruments. The first-four-species calculator of Wilhelm Schickard is made accessible to the public in the World Wide Web using Java 3D.     

城市废墟遗产的价值与保护研究

城市废墟既是城市过往发出的遥远呼唤,承载民族伤痛、灿烂文明的文化象征,也是面向现实和未来,散发独特美学意义、怀旧情绪的公共空间.而现实情况中,历史废墟陷入了情感脱离、价值输出有限的困境,现代废墟遗址、空间仍在拆与建中徘徊.废墟需要现代科技、当代媒介、政策规划、多元化功能利用等保护手段的综合作用,才有机会呈现其文化、美学...     

Is increased public spending for the preservation of historic monuments inevitable? The French case

There is a permanent expansion of the number of sites or properties listed as historic monuments in France. This expansion and the lack of productivity gains in the sector of restoration lead, within a stable economy, to an ever greater proportion of the national income being earmarked for upkeep and restoration. Hence the number of monuments to be subsidized grows. The policy does not include any mechanism of regulation. Ironically, laws governing this area have the effect of precipitating cost increases. Three possible alternatives are considered: appeals for sponsorship, merchandising, delisting.     

Approach to environmental risk analysis for the main monuments in a historical city

The analysis of environmental risk in historical cities facilitates the development of conservation strategies that can minimize the deterioration of historical heritage sites. Risk maps built with GIS software provide information about the probability of the main hazards in a region, and is a very useful tool to identify, evaluate and prioritize the restoration budget of a city in order to manage preventive conservation. In this paper, new methodologies are applied based on the vulnerability matrix and its relationship with static and structural factors, climate conditions, air quality and social agents. This technique has some obvious advantages in the application of risk analysis for cultural heritage conservation, such as the capability of simultaneous risk assessment and geographical references. The vulnerability study implies an on-site diagnosis analysis and requires an adapted protocol for archaeological heritage. The validation of this methodology was carried out in the historical town of Merida (Spain) with a GIS application (ArcGIS software), where the main monuments of this UNESCO World Heritage site were studied.     

Iran: archaeological heritage in crisis: Developing an effective management system for archaeology

The dynamic social development in Iran over the last decades provided the acknowledgement of the archaeological heritage on the one hand, and a confrontation to the current managing system of archaeology on the other. This situation makes it necessary for archaeologists to formulate and implement a systematic regulation in the sphere of protection and management of the archaeological heritage. The fact is that, as the international conventions warn, the archaeological heritage is constantly under threat of destruction, and while in Iran the problem is not new, the destruction is on the increase. The constructions under the developmental projects and at the same time the increase of population are accompanied by the expansion of the new settled areas threaten large areas of archaeological sites. The deep economic crises of the country as well as a pauperization of majority of society, and a low degree of respect for the law, lead to an increase in looting and considerable damage to the archaeological heritage. The goals of this paper are (1) to identify problems that hinder the effectiveness of the Iranian national protection acts, and to suggest some way in which these problems could be remedied, (2) to promote further academic discussions of problems and solutions within archaeology and related fields, and (3) to encourage official authorities and other interest groups to press for changes needed in the Iranian national protection policies, to make it better serve the public interest.     

英国圣保罗大教堂重建时期石材采运研究(1675-1710年)

基于历史档案资料,追述了伦敦大火后英国圣保罗大教堂重建时期石材采运的历史,揭示了各类石材的开采与运输方式、建造中引发的问题,并首次对石材的供应情况进行了定量分析,呈现了石材采运如何成为圣保罗大教堂的重建历时35年之久的主要原因之一。圣保罗大教堂的石材采运问题并非独特案例,同类型的石材在同时期其他建筑中曾被广泛运用,因此对研究那个时代的砖石建筑具有更普遍的参考意义。     

Valuing the Benefits of Cleaning Lincoln Cathedral

This paper summarises a contingent valuation study of willingness to pay forcleaning Lincoln Cathedral. A randomsample of the inhabitants of the city of Lincoln and the surrounding area wasquestioned as to their willingness topay for a change in the frequency of a hypothetical cleaning cycle from 40years to 10 years. This change wasillustrated by photographs which showed the same aspects of the Cathedralhalf-way through the two cleaning cycles.Individuals were also asked questions regarding their attitudes towards airpollution in general and its impact on theCathedral in particular. It was found that household willingness to pay isbest predicted by disposable income anda variable indicating distance from the site. Estimates of mean willingnessto pay range from £ 15 to £ 23 perhousehold per annum for those living Lincolnshire. Aggregating these valuesover the number of households inLincolnshire suggests that the annual damage inflicted by air pollution on theappearance of the building so far assoiling is concerned is valued between £ 0.4 m and £ 0.6 m.Different solutions to the problem of starting point biaswere explored and are shown to yield similar estimates of willingness to pay.     

Travel Cost Analysis of a Cultural Heritage Site: The Case of Historic St. Mary's City of Maryland

Historic St. Mary's City located in rural southern Maryland, marks the 17th century British Colonial capital of the State of Maryland. As with most cultural heritage sites, Historic St. Mary's City can be classified as possessing public goods-type characteristics, and as such, welfare benefit estimates must utilize non-market valuation techniques. To date, the primary valuation methodology used for cultural heritage sites research involves stated preference methods. This study is one of the first to employ a revealed preference methodology, the zonal travel cost model, to estimate the consumer surplus welfare measures of a cultural heritage site. We analyze three years of visitor sample data to compare three functional forms of visitor demand. The average of the annual individual consumer surplus measures ranged from approximately $8.00 to $19.26, depending on the functional forms used. When aggregated to the total number of individual paid visitors, the average annual benefit estimates range from approximately $75,492 to $176,550.     

Archives in motion: Concrete steps towards the digital disclosure of audiovisual content

Various authors have stressed the need for an adequate archiving and preservation policy of audiovisual material, given its cultural, historical, juridical, social and economic value. In view of the sustainable preservation of audiovisual material, the opening up of the archive is seen as a real challenge. Various aspects, such as requirements concerning formats, metadata standards and legal implications, need to be taken into account. Furthermore, different types of users should be able to consult the archive in a user-friendly way, a factor which should not be neglected. This article studies and discusses the current situation in Flanders regarding the digitisation and disclosure of the Flemish audiovisual cultural heritage, comprising the audiovisual material in the archives of different Flemish institutions, including broadcasters, (post-) production companies, government institutions and cultural organizations. Based on 45 qualitative interviews, a SWOT analysis is created to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats concerning the digitisation and disclosure of the audiovisual archive. Moreover, this environmental analysis includes some recommendations concerning the future preservation of this audiovisual cultural heritage.     

The history of the “Virgin with Child” sculpture (Ottaviano,Naples, southern Italy): Hypotheses from archaeometric multi-technique investigations

A life-size whitish marble statue of a “Virgin with Child” has been recently rediscovered in the St. Rosario church located in Ottaviano, a small town near Naples (southern Italy). This artwork shows stylistic features of the Tuscan-Roman school of the 16th century, and is framed in an intriguing historical context. Historical documents testify that the sculpture was a property of the cadet branch of noble Tuscan family of the Medici, the Medici of Ottaviano. A multianalytical approach has been used to try to indicate the supply area of the white marble of the studied sculpture. Considering the whole mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical data, the source rock can be possibly limited to the main classical white marbles of the Mediterranean district, as the classical marble of Aphrodisias. A reuse practice of a former artwork can be also hypothesized.     

大运河保护和传承利用的相关研究回顾与现实困境

大运河作为世界上开凿时间最早、流程最长的人工运河,在漫长的历史发展中,对所流经区域的景观和城市的发展产生了深刻影响。大运河本体的遗产价值以及运河生态环境,都是沿线区域和城市发展过程中重要的考量要素。现阶段,大运河文化遗产保护与利用理论研究整体滞后于实践发展,保护和利用的规划、实施管控和文旅发展等方面在实践中也因为价值理念的认知、缺乏科学系统理论指导和健全法规与机制支撑等等困境而出现了诸多问题,在一定程度上,影响了世界遗产这一重要资源的保护和利用成效。在梳理现有文献和分析基础上,结合实践现状,揭示了大运河的保护和利用面临的挑战和现实困境,为科学保护大运河遗产的原真性、整体性,以及动态连贯性提供基础性理论支撑。     

港式茶餐厅的转型:从日常茶歇到怀旧情怀

目的是考察港式茶餐厅如何从日常生活实践中转变为怀旧的地方.香港茶餐厅文化深深地植根于香港生活的各个层面.茶餐厅的菜单发展历程反映了东西方独特的地方文化和生活方式的交融.采用多学科的研究方法,对近70年来日常茶歇文化的发展进行了研究和分析.研究结果表明,港式茶餐厅的饮食消费实践是英国高茶与香港低社会阶层的下午茶混合的文化...     

文化线路整体保护挑战与实践路径 ——意大利阿匹亚古道与中国大运河比较研究

开展文化线路国际比较研究,有助于以更新更广视角观察不同国家应对其整体保护挑战的实践路径与选择动因,相互启迪.研究选择意大利阿匹亚古道和中国大运河两条世界重要文化线路,采取多维度技术路线加以比较分析,包括时间维度,即保护历程演变维度;工作链维度,即文物保护、展示利用和管理维度;以及国情维度,即中国和意大利不同体制背景下的...     

旅游活动对世界文化遗产地社区可持续发展影响——以我国9处世界遗产地为例

目前学界尚缺乏关于旅游活动对世界文化遗产地社区可持续发展影响的研究。在对我国9处世界遗产地社区调查的基础上,利用模糊综合评价法对旅游活动对我国世界文化遗产地社区可持续发展影响进行了评价。研究结果表明:旅游活动不仅没有给我国世界文化遗产地社区可持续发展带来显著的促进作用,反而产生了不利影响。亟需解决的问题有:(1)旅游活动给工艺品地域特色、本地文化认同感等带来的不利社会文化影响。(2)旅游活动给自然植被、空气质量、水体质量等造成的不利生态环境影响。(3)旅游活动未给五台山、平遥古城、武当山社区居民就业带来预期的有利经济影响。(4)旅游活动对我国世界文化遗产地社区经济、社会文化和生态环境的影响失衡。     

Combining the travel cost and contingent behavior methods to value cultural heritage sites: Evidence from Armenia

This paper combines the travel cost method (TCM) with contingent behavior questions to estimate domestic visitors’ use values for cultural heritage sites in Armenia, a transition economy in which conservation of cultural monuments is hampered by limited resources. Respondents intercepted at four cultural monuments provided information on their visitation patterns, experience at the site, perception of the state of conservation of the monuments, and rating of the quality of the services and infrastructure. We combine actual trips with stated trips under hypothetical programs that would enhance the conservation of the monuments and improve one of (i) the cultural experience at the site, (ii) the quality of the infrastructure, or (iii) the quality of the services, and use the combined actual and stated trips to fit a panel data model. Our study is one of the few applications of the TCM to value cultural heritage sites. Our investigation shows that (i) significant use values are associated with the four study monuments, and (ii) conservation programs and initiatives that improve the cultural experience, or simply make it easier for the respondent to reach and spend time at the monument, are valued by domestic visitors and would encourage higher visitation rates. Actual and intended trips reported by the respondents exhibit good construct validity, in the sense that they are well predicted by price, location, hypothetical scenario and other individual characteristics of the respondents.

雄安新区白洋淀水乡文化遗产的保护

2017年设立雄安新区以来,中共中央、国务院先后颁布了多项指导性政策,为白洋淀地区规划建设提供了基本依据.白洋淀作为华北地区面积最大的淡水湖,是雄安新区生态环境保护的重中之重.水乡文化遗产作为白洋淀地区特有的历史文化积淀,面临诸多威胁,亟须进行全面的保护及更新.通过对白洋淀历史文献的整理、《河北雄安新区规划纲要》的解读...     

黄淮交汇文化区乡土石砌民居营造技艺与保护发展研究

在国际化程度越来越高的今天,建筑的地域性特征被逐渐淡化,民族传统文化和地方特色建筑的收集整理、保护传承、展示利用显得日趋重要.黄淮交汇文化区乡土石砌民居作为一种极具地方特色的民居形式,自身营造技艺和其风俗特征,都是当地的宝贵历史财富.对于文化区乡土石砌民居的研究,以历史资料和实地走访为基础,系统梳理该区域乡土石砌民居的...