A systematic literature review of the use of Semantic Web technologies in formal education

This paper presents a systematic literature review of research focused on use of Semantic Web technologies in formal educational contexts. Through systematic search, the review has identified 199 research articles, which are examined with the intention of identifying prevalent themes within the body of research within the field of formal educational use of Semantic Web technologies. The themes identified by the review are: (1) Semantic Web ontologies; (2) Efficient distribution, accessibility, retrieval, reuse and combination of educational resources; (3) Linked Data; (4) Semantic Web enhanced virtual learning environments and personalization of learning environments; (5) Semantic Web learning objects; (6) Evaluation, feedback and assessment; (7) Semantic Web services; (8) Pedagogical tools for teachers and students. Furthermore, this review seeks to examine how these themes and the use of Semantic Web technologies in formal education reflects on the ongoing discussion of how pedagogy and technology should interact. The outset of this discussion is a previous study by Dirckinck-Holmfeld, which establishes that there is a tendency to emphasize technology over pedagogy in educational design and development.     

语义Web的技术基础分析

近年来,语义Web逐渐成为WWW领域的研究热点以及智能化网络服务和应用开发中的关键技术之一.本文在分析了典型的语义Web概念后,给出了语义Web的定义.通过讨论语义Web构想的层次框架模型,指出了各个层次扮演的角色以及它们在语义Web构架中的作用,同时对语义Web的技术基础做了详细的介绍,并指出了国内语义Web研究中存在的不足.     

The Semantic Web: Its Role As an Aid to Collaboration

This article completes a three-part series on the educational potential of the Semantic Web. Earlier columns in this journal focused on the Semantic Web as an aid to locating information and as an aid to data integration. The focus of this article is on the Semantic Web as an aid to collaboration of many kinds. Various proposals for using the Semantic Web to foster collaboration are reviewed. Also discussed are problems and issues that will determine whether the Semantic Web will succeed in education.     

Interaction for lifelong learning

The term ‘lifelong’, as applied to education or learning, has been in circulation for more than a quarter of a century. It has played an important role in policy discussions, as well as in studies of the sociology and economics of education. The relationship of this term to the rapidly changing world of information and educational technologies, and to the various conceptions of interaction that are central to these technologies, however, has been considered much less frequently. This paper seeks to shed light on the relationship between lifelong learning and the interactive technologies that have become associated specifically with the Semantic Web. It begins by presenting a fictional narrative to illustrate a lifelong learning scenario in the context of the services and resources that the Semantic Web will be capable of providing. It then proceeds to isolate a number of general characteristics of lifelong learning as they are manifest in this scenario and in recent literature on the subject. The paper then explores how emergent, interactive technologies of the Semantic Web have the general potential to address many of the characteristics of lifelong learning, and hold out the promise of satisfying a wide variety of lifelong learning needs. It will conclude by considering some of the outstanding challenges presented by lifelong learning contexts, and mention some of the limitations of advanced technologies used to address these needs.     

Web 3.0: Implications for Online Learning

The impact of Web 3.0, also known as the Semantic Web, on online learning is yet to be determined as the Semantic Web and its technologies continue to develop. Online instructors must have a rudimentary understanding of Web 3.0 to prepare for the next phase of online learning. This paper provides an understandable definition of the Semantic Web and its terminology, and then explores possible implications of Web 3.0 on online learning. The foundation of the Semantic Web is data integration. By using metadata, “display only” data is converted to meaningful information which can be located, evaluated, and delivered by software agents. Web 3.0 technologies will assist online instructors in the areas of course development, learner support, assessment, and record keeping. Online students will benefit from learning personalization and knowledge construction powered by the Semantic Web.     

浅析语义Web在信息检索中的研究与实现

语义Web是未来web的发展方向,是信息可以被机器理解和使用的新的信息环境,语义Web的出现彻底改变了web上信息的组织方式,对于各种网络信息应用都将产生巨大影响。本文首先对Semantic Web的概况进行了简要介绍,然后详细分析了语义Web体系的主要支持技术(XML RDF),最后探讨了语义Web技术对网络信息检索的影响。     

基于Web的教学课件设计方法与技术

现代教育技术的发展,使得基于Web技术的课件成为现代教育技术改革与发展的方向.主要介绍基于Web的教学课件设计的3种常见的方法以及它们相关的技术.     

Ensuring the Provision of Accessible Digital Resources

A lack of awareness of disability issues in the provision of digital educational material is resulting in a situation where much of this material is, to some degree, inaccessible to people with certain disabilities. Current and proposed disability legislation in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom means that any educational material produced by institutions, and which has accessibility barriers, may soon be illegal. This paper discusses the issues involved in the provision of accessible digital material, with a heavy emphasis on Web‐based resources, with a view to raising awareness and avoiding a potentially embarrassing situation for educational institutions. The various assistive technologies used by disabled people to access digital material are discussed, along with the problems by inaccessible material, illustrated by examples of inaccessible Web pages. Solutions for ensuring the accessibility of digital material are provided, including a discussion of open standards and guidelines and principles of accessible content design     

An instructional model for web-based e-learning education with a blended learning process approach

Web‐based e‐learning education research and development now focuses on the inclusion of new technological features and the exploration of software standards. However, far less effort is going into finding solutions to psychopedagogical problems in this new educational category. This paper proposes a psychopedagogical instructional model based on content structure, the latest research into information processing psychology and social contructivism, and defines a blended approach to the learning process. Technologically speaking, the instructional model is supported by learning objects, a concept inherited from the object‐oriented paradigm.     

Global Memory Net and the development of digital image information management system： Experience and practice

INTRODUCTION Directed by Prof. Ching-chih Chen of Simmons College, Boston and supported by the US NSF/In- ternational Digital Library Program (IDLP) since 2000, Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these unique collections of great value to educationand research are not currently accessible due to dis- tance, …     

Editorial: e‐Research for education: Applied,methodological and critical perspectives

This special issue brings together a set of contributions that represent and explore the state of the art regarding the development and application of digital technology‐enhanced research approaches in educational research—e‐research for education. Over the recent years, digital technologies have enhanced various aspects of scholarly practices, such as data collection and analysis, research collaboration, and publishing. New technology‐enhanced research approaches have been emerging in a number of educational research domains, such as learning analytics, educational data mining, digital ethnography and educational informatics. Although the potential of digital approaches has been generally acknowledged, many overarching conceptual and methodological questions remain unexplored and under‐theorised. This special issue provides a landmark collection that synthesises some important empirical and methodological advances in this research field, including methodologically innovative case studies and critical analyses of overarching epistemological, methodological and practical issues that inevitably will shape future developments of this research field.     

一种基于语义Web技术描述学习对象的方法研究

针对SCORM和LOM描述学习对象缺少语义方面的不足,利用语义技术,设计内容本体、上下文本体、结构化本体和学习者本体来对学习对象进行描述,并给出了一个基于OWL语言的学习对象描述方法。     

Description of a Web-Driven,Problem-Based Learning Environment and Study of the Efficacy of Implementation in Educational Leader Preparation

Abstract

A Web-driven problem-based learning environment and instructional system was conceived and developed to study the marriage of the problem-based learning instructional method and Web technologies for instructional delivery of educational administration content material. The project described herein was undertaken to examine the efficacy of implementing this new mode of instruction in graduate courses in educational leadership. The ultimate goal of this line of research is to enhance the development of applications of Web technologies to support problem-based learning and improve the efficiency and efficacy of this instructional form in practice across higher education settings. This article describes the prototype software, the rationale and theoretical framework supporting its development, the process and results of research conducted during production and beta-testing, and the educational significance of the project.     

语义Web服务发现研究

语义Web与Webservices有很强的互补性,二者的统一构建了新一代Web服务——语义Web服务。该文首先简单介绍了语义Web服务在国内外的研究现状,然后分析了语义Web服务发现的任务,最后给出了OWL—S／UDDI匹配器框架（OUMF）,并提出了分级匹配的服务发现策略。其中,OUMF弥补了UDDI的不足,分级匹配的策略大大节省了服务发现的时间。     

语义相似度Web服务合成策略的应用研究——以物流信息平台为例

研究语义Web服务匹配问题,提高匹配效率。传统Web服务基于关键字匹配,灵活性差,查准率和查全率偏低;语义Web服务引入机器可理解的语义信息,提高了信息共享程度及服务检索成功率,但服务响应慢,系统开销大。为了提高Web服务匹配效率,降低系统成本,提出一种基于语义相似度的Web服务混合匹配策略。首先对语义Web服务匹配问题进行分析,然后建立基于语义相似度的Web服务混合匹配模型,最后在西江物流平台中设计了一个基于语义Web服务的混合匹配框架。实际应用效果表明,混合匹配策略实现了语义Web的更好匹配,为客户提供更为快捷、准确的“寻车配货”服务。     

Digital Transformation in Higher Education:

In education, digitalization has become a pivotal force to promote educational reform in the new era, featuring demand-driven development of digital transformation in education. Digital transformation in higher education aims to reshape its new capabilities based on next-generation digital technologies concerning the quality of development of higher education. As per the scope of services and composition of responsible subjects like personnel, digital transformation in higher education should focus on three key areas: talent development, scientific research, as well as management and services. In addition, digital transformation should be structured based on several types of content: essential data, environments, operational functions, organizational structure, and systems. Moreover, paths of guarantee, action, and operation should be taken concurrently to facilitate digital transformation in higher education.     

Ethical Rationales and Guidelines for the Continued Use of Archival Collections of Embryonic and Fetal Specimens

Benefits from the use of cadavers in anatomical education are well described. Historically, human embryos and fetal cadavers were used in anatomy education to understand development and congenital malformations. Recently, three-dimensional printed models produced from archival fetal specimens, and online repositories of images from archival collections of embryos and fetuses, have been used as an educational tool in human development courses. Given that the archival specimens were likely obtained prior to the era of informed consent, this raises questions about their appropriate and ethical use. Because some institutions in the United States retain archival collections of embryonic and fetal specimens that were once used as educational tools, their existence and utility require frequent reexamination against contemporary ethical frameworks to guide appropriate use or utilization. Four ethical rationales for uses of these collections are examined, including destruction, indefinite storage, use in research, and use in health professions education. Guidelines for the use of archival collections of human embryos and fetuses are presented. Indefinite storage and use in health professions education are supported, while use in research is also permitted, however, such use is limited and dependent on circumstance and purpose. The development of current digital repositories and three-dimensionally printed models based on archival collections that were collected without informed consent, or those promoting commercial opportunity, are not supported. New embryonic and fetal donations obtained with informed consent should include reference to potential uses with new technology and virtual, genetic, or imaging applications.     

教育机器人的研究现状与发展建议——基于2014～2018年Web of Science核心数据库相关文献分析

随着教育学、心理学与人工智能的融合发展,教育机器人对人类的认知、决策、智力、情感等的影响日益受到关注,并在全球掀起了新一轮的发展浪潮。在此背景下,文章首先以2014~2018年Web of Science核心数据库为文献来源,梳理了教育机器人的国际动态与研究热点,发现教育机器人的研究主题可划分为本体研究、设计研究、实践研究、角色研究等四个类团。随后,文章从适用对象和应用场域两个方面,解析了教育机器人的应用情境。最后,文章从需求、社会和技术三个视角,针对未来教育机器人的发展提出了相关建议,旨在解决教育机器人发展面临的现实难题,进一步推进教育机器人在教育领域的可持续发展与应用。     

以整合的途径迎接挑战——美国AECT 2009国际会议综述

2009年美国教育传播与技术协会（AECT）国际年会,围绕“以整合的途径迎接挑战”的核心议题展开,同时举办了设计与开发、远程学习、教师教育、研究与理论等分论坛。各报告展现了教育技术领域最新的动态和研究取向,凸显了高层次思维能力的培养、新兴传媒技术尤其是Web2．0技术的应用、信息技术整合、教师信息技术培训、教学设计、学习共同体建设、跨学科研究方法的探索等议题。     

基于学习对象的网络教育资源版权管理模型研究

网络教育资源在共享和重用中存在资源非标准化建设和数字资源版权归属问题。文章提出以学习对象为基础的教育资源版权管理模型,将学习对象的数字版权管理整合到e-Learning系统中,构建了一个标准化的、安全的网络资源共享环境。最后,结合具体的视频教学资源案例分析,探讨基于对象的网络教育资源版权保护的具体执行方法,以促进教育资源的合理使用。