开放存取理念下图书馆信息服务的开拓创新——以高校图书馆阵营为例

开放存取环境下,高校图书馆将迎接来自多方面的挑战：OA效能性、OA知识产权、OA理念、OA人力资源、OA技术支撑、OA服务模式、OA资源与服务的＂绿色通道＂等诸多问题。本文作者结合高校图书馆的实际馆情,概述了开放存取的模式及其特点;同时,着力分析了开放存取给高校图书馆带来的契机,论证了开放存取理念下的创新服务：个性化信息服务、社会化服务以及开放资源的延伸服务。     

国内外开放存取期刊研究进展综述与发展动态分析

随着开放存取(Open Access,OA)运动的蓬勃发展,全球开放存取期刊发展迅猛,数量和质量均稳步上升,产生了显著的影响和效益。文章综述了近年国内外开放存取期刊的研究进展,分析了最新发展动态。对国外开放存取期刊的研究进展与动态的综述主要包括以下诸方面:期刊危机与开放存取的缘起,开放存取宣言、概念与实现途径,开放存取期刊的发展与商业模式,开放存取期刊的影响,支持开放存取的国家战略和机构政策等。由于国内开放存取期刊的研究和发展还处在起步阶段,主要从文献、学术会议及活动、OA期刊和OA仓储等方面进行综述。最后,提出支持中国开放存取发展的重点和对策建议。     

中国科技学术期刊的开放存取出版模式研究

随着开放存取（Open Access，简称OA）运动的发展，产生了许多实现开放存取的模式和途径。开放存取期刊是实现开放存取的“金色之路”，文章重点研究了中国科技学术期刊实现开放存取出版的模式。借鉴国外的研究成果，总结出中国科技学术期刊实现开放存取出版3大类模式共计11种具体模型：第一类为传统印刷期刊＋后印本存档模式，具体包括个人主页开放存取、个人博客开放存取、网络集成代理开放存取和电子印本开放存取仓储4种模型；第二类为混合型OA期刊模式，包括双重模式开放存取、延迟开放存取、部分开放存取、开放存取索引4种模型；第三类为创建型OA期刊模式，具体包括基于作者付费的开放存取、受资助的开放存取和多元融资模式的开放存取期刊3种模型。     

国外开放存取出版最新研究进展与发展动态

摘 要 【目的】随着开放存取（OA）的迅猛发展,开放存取文献数量和质量均稳步上升,产生了显著的影响和巨大的社会经济效益。总结梳理国外开放存取出版最新研究进展和发展动态,为国内同行和相关主体提供参考借鉴。【方法】 综合采用文献研究法、比较分析法、案例分析法、归纳法等研究方法,对近几年国外开放存取出版的重要研究成果进行了全面综述。【结果】从出版商主导的OA期刊、科研机构与大学主导的OA知识库等方面综述了全球OA出版的发展动态,提供了详细的数据资料;从OA出版相关法律和战略政策、基金资助机构OA政策、科研机构OA政策、出版机构OA政策、OA出版的经济学与商业模型等综述了相关的研究进展和发展动态。【结论】在强制性OA政策被西方国家政府、主流研究机构和科研基金等采用后,科研论文和科研数据的开放共享和再利用成为必然趋势。建议中国政府部门及有关机构借鉴国外好的做法和经验,尽快制定实施支持开放存取出版发展的政策与措施。     

开放出版的APC模式研究

自开放存取出现以来,开放出版模式得以迅速发展,开放存取期刊在运营方式上也逐渐形成一些特点。首先研究OA期刊运营模式的产生、发展、付费机制的变化,然后探究以论文处理费为重要资金来源的OA期刊的产生和演化,分析APC模式存在的主要问题,最后就OA期刊的APC合理化策略进行分析、设计,并分析指出其对中国OA期刊在运营和管理方面的借鉴意义。     

我国图书馆开放存取运动发展的综述

文章论述了开放存取的核心要素,分析OA运动给图书馆带来的机遇和挑战,并分析了图书馆开放存取的有效对策。     

基金资助论文的开放存取研究 ——基于自科领域八个学科的实证分析

【目的/意义】从领域、学科、国家/地区多维度了解基金资助及开放存取现状，探索开放存取模式对科学基 金论文的影响力效果，为开放存取进程的推进、科学基金的绩效评估提供参考。【方法/过程】以web of science 数据 库中自然科学领域及其数学、物理、化学、细胞生物学、遗传学、地质学、材料科学、计算机科学八个代表学科的科技 论文为研究样本，统计分析其开放存取及基金资助状况，并进一步对比基金资助下OA论文和非OA论文的影响力 差异。【结果/结论】整体来说，科学基金对论文的开放存取具有一定引导性，但各学科、国家/地区间存在差异。以中 国为代表，科学基金对OA论文的资助成效较好，但OA论文率仅为10%左右，其开放存取仍处于初步发展阶段，被 使用的效果还未完全展现。开放存取模式对基金资助论文的影响力提升作用尚不显著，反映当前开放存取期刊质 量还有待提高的现状，但开放存取模式对数学、遗传学的知识流动性和对地质学高价值研究的发现具有重要的作 用。     

发挥科技期刊OA效能措施的研究

开放存取(OA)的实施可提高期刊的被引频次和影响因子,但其发挥作用需要辅助措施来保障。随着OA的实施,网络媒体随之诞生,其学术交流价值和商业经济价值就需要挖掘。通过对目前一些期刊实施的开放存取支撑系统的分析、比较,发现存在缺乏DOI、通用接口、论文总目等影响OA效能发挥的问题,结合我们期刊的实践经验,总结出OA系统的选型考虑因素,提出了搜索引擎注册、OA仓储注册、邮件列表、允许相关门户网站免费使用以及建立科技类学术期刊广告联盟等措施,可提高OA的学术传播价值和经济价值。     

国外图书情报学领域开放存取期刊的发展

开放存取期刊的发展有效地消除了发达国家和发展中国家的交流障碍,促进了学术交流的开放与自由。以图书情报领域的期刊为例,以DOAJ收录的期刊列表为数据源,探讨OA期刊的出版形式及出版规律,旨在明确国内外当前图书情报学领域的开放存取期刊的发展,并与传统学术期刊进行比较分析,找到OA期刊的出版特点,希望对我国的OA资源建设有所启发。     

基于OA的学术期刊出版模式研究

开放存取是一种学术信息共享的自由理念和出版机制,它迎合了网络时代学术信息交流的特点。OA学术期刊出版是学术交流的一种全新的、高效的出版模式。本文介绍了开放存取的概念、特征和产生的背景,并在此基础上进一步提出OA学术期刊出版模式面临的主要问题。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.