国外学校变革中的教育性领导及其建构

有效的学校领导是学校质量和学校变革的关键因素。学校领导者是学校组织变革和发展的中心。发达国家在学校组织变革过程中越来越强调学校领导者的作用,强调学校领导者应该成为教育性领导。发达国家的研究者们揭示了教育性领导的内涵,从三个维度解释了教育性领导的职能及其相互关系,包括教学领导、课程领导和学习领导,同时还指出了教育性领导的建构策略。     

多元智能理论与学校教育改革

“智商式思维”对学校造成的破坏有 :学校教育目的的窄化 ;教育功能的异化 ;教育方式的“一统化”。多元智能学校“以个人为中心” ,并引入三种新角色 :评估专家 ;学生课程代理人 ;学校———社区代理人     

政府与学校变革关系的类型研究

政府与学校变革关系是现阶段教育管理体制改革的重要议题。从凸显政府与学校双方主体性的角度可以把学校变革划分政府主导型学校变革、学校主导型变革和多元交互型学校变革三种类型。基于对它们的内涵透视和理论分析能够看出,这三种类型不能随意归类到优劣中差之等,要想处理好政府与学校变革关系,必须妥善处理好"外塑"和"内生"的内在紧张。     

基于系统视角的校长信息化领导力评价指标研究

学校教育信息化是一项系统工程,学校校长信息化领导力应该关注学校教育信息化系统的四种应用与三个基本因素。可以从系统的视角来思考和构建校长信息化领导力评价指标,校长信息化领导力具体可以从校长的信息意识与信息技术基本能力、信息化规划能力、信息化组织与管理能力、信息化评价能力四个方面进行评价。     

Development of the Educational and Career Interest Scale in Science, Technology, and Mathematics for High School Students

The Educational and Career Interest scale, a self-report instrument measuring high school students’ educational and career interest in STEM, was developed and validated in two studies conducted during 2010 and 2011. Study 1 included data from 92 high school students, in which exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with an initial item pool of 20 items. EFA identified three factors: educational and career interest in science, educational and career interest in technology, and educational and career interest in mathematics. Study 2 utilized data from 658 students to revisit the three-factor model using confirmative factor analysis. The two studies provide strong evidence that the scale is both valid and reliable.     

论单位制度对学校教育性的影响

单位视角是审视中国学校组织运行不能回避的视角。学校教育性的发挥与单位制度运作有契合的一面,也有不适的一面。首先,单位制度本身对学校教育性构成第一重影响;其次,事业单位制度对学校教育性构成第二重影响;再次,教育性单位制度的内部运行理路对学校教育性构成第三重影响。因此需诉诸于学校单位去单位化之制度设计。     

社会公正领导:当代西方教育领导研究的新重心

社会公正领导是当代西方教育领导研究的三大主流综合范式之一。它的兴起植根于全球化和多元化时代,代表了当代教育领导的范式转型。社会公正领导聚焦学校教育领域平等和公正伦理问题,并通过积极的行动创建更加公正的学校教育环境,以促进每个学生获得学业和社会成功。近几年,社会公正领导的内涵呈现多元化的理解,并发展起校长在学校中推进和实施社会公正的一系列行动策略。     

学校信息化应用的影响因素研究

学校信息化应用受到多种因素的影响。文章阐述了学校信息化的四种具体应用,指出影响学校信息化应用的因素,具体包括三个基础因素和一个保障因素,通过实证数据统计分析,利用相关分析法对学校信息化应用影响因素与学校信息化应用之间的关系进行分析。     

教育成本计量探讨

教育成本是为使受教育者接受教育所耗费的资源的价值， 教育成本数据是对有关各方都有重要价值的信息， 有必要进行计量。教育成本的计量方法有三类： 统计调查、利用现有会计资料转换计算和成本核算。从计量的主体看，教育成本有社会成本、学校成本和个人成本之分。学校的功能是提供教育服务， 所以学校教育成本就是提供教育服务的成本。只有与提供教育有关的支出才可以计入教育成本， 其他如学生的补贴、学校附属机构的支出等与教学无关的支出不能计入教育成本     

Motivation and engagement in English,mathematics and science high school subjects: Towards an understanding of multidimensional domain specificity

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the domain specificity of multidimensional motivation and engagement (adaptive cognitions, adaptive behaviors, impeding/maladaptive cognitions, maladaptive behaviors) in mathematics, English and science high school subjects, with an additional focus on three key educational correlates (educational aspirations, class participation, enjoyment of subject). Based on a sample of 1801 students from six Australian high schools, confirmatory factor analysis offered modest support for the domain specificity of motivation and engagement (as measured by the Motivation and Engagement Scale — High School: MES-HS) across three distinct high school subject areas and also in relation to the three key educational correlates. Interestingly, the level of specificity varied as a function of the particular academic motivation construct. For example, between-subject correlations for more ‘state-like’ constructs such as ‘valuing of school subject’ were relatively lower, whereas correlations for more ‘trait-like’ constructs such as ‘anxiety’ were relatively higher suggesting that the latter is relatively more general across mathematics, English and science. The implications of these findings for future practice and research are discussed.     

Institutional habitus in context: implementation,development and impacts in two compulsory secondary schools in Barcelona

This article aims to revisit the relationship between school-level variables and students’ educational opportunities through the lens of institutional habitus. This approach is particularly well suited to explore the notion of school culture because it brings to the forefront the impact of social context, avoiding some of the limitations typically associated with the long-dominant perspective of school effectiveness research. Drawing on an ethnographic approach, the article explores how institutional habitus unfolds in two urban public secondary schools in the city of Barcelona. Breaking the notion down into three main components (educational status, organizational practices and expressive order), the analysis identifies two main types of institutional habitus – one based on action and inclusion, and another based on reaction and expulsion. Ultimately, these results give insight into the complex interplay of these three components, as well as on their combined impact on students’ educational opportunities.     

中国教育技术学科建设的回顾与反思

我国的教育技术学经历了从领域到学科的发展过程。媒体中心、系统过程、五领域和两层次、四个理论体系框架的形成或引进,使我国教育技术学科建设的着眼点几经转移:一开始强调资源,后来强调教学,再后来强调学习,现在又开始向绩效方向发展。当前我国教育技术学科建设主要应该解决好三个方面的问题:探寻教育技术学的逻辑起点,把握学科建设的发展方向;形成自己的研究范式,提高学科建设的研究层次;理论与实践联盟,为教育改革提供优质服务。     

Education and the problem of social inequality in Russia

The socioeconomic changes that took place in Russia in the 1990s defined both the ideology and practice of educational reform. The answer to the question: ‘Was the educational system democratized?’, is of key importance in evaluating the social outcomes of the educational reforms. In this paper, I discuss three aspects of the problem of inequality in school education in Russia: (a) social stratification and institutional changes in the school system; (b) regional features and inequality in education; and (c) the school as the site of social differentiation. The first and second aspects are concerned with macro tendencies, and I use official statistical data in discussing these. The third aspect has a socio-psychological orientation, and here I draw on material from research undertaken by the Centre of Sociology of Education in the Russian Academy of Education.     

学校安全的影响因素与对策

学校安全事故的频繁发生及其严重后果使学校安全问题成为了社会关注的热点。学校安全事故产生的原因是多方面的,归纳起来可以从校舍设备、制度与管理、安全文化三个校内因素以及家庭、社会和不可抗力三个校外因素加以分析,解决的对策则是要全方位地为学校安全提供物质保证、制度保证、文化保证、家教保证和社会保证。     

Inequalities in school systems: effect of school structure or of society structure?

In this study the authors start from the observed fact that equality of opportunities of educational achievement is higher in integrated school systems than in differentiated school systems. In other words, in integrated school systems, a pupil’s school achievement depends less than elsewhere on the social and cultural resources of his or her family. However, before concluding that school structure has a significant influence on inequalities at school, it is important to distinguish between the influence of the socio‐economic context underlying each school system, and the specific influence of the structure or organisation of the school system itself. The fact is that not only do the most egalitarian countries with regard to schooling have in common an integrated structure, but also these schools are set within the context of countries which are more egalitarian in other ways, particularly with regard to income distribution. To distinguish between the influence of this social environment and that of school structure, the authors offer three analyses based on a comparative analysis of international databases measuring educational achievement. The results of these three analyses lend credence to the hypothesis that the structure of the school system has a specific effect on the extent of inequalities.     

Education policymaking in Serbia through the eyes of teachers,counselors, and principals

Numerous educational reforms have been initiated in Serbia since 2000. The aim of this study was to examine education policymaking in Serbia in order to provide policymakers and stakeholders with recommendations on how to minimize pitfalls and increase success of future educational endeavors. In the study, we utilized the education policy cycle heuristic to analyze formation, implementation, and evaluation of three major education policies in Serbia: in-service training of teachers (INSET), school development planning (SDP), and inclusive education (IE). Examining three reforms simultaneously enabled us to identify major characteristics of Serbian policymaking, regardless of the reform content. We also relied on educational change literature, so that we could assess complex contexts of reforms. Finally, considering the importance of school staff during implementation, we examined education policymaking in Serbia through the eyes of over 1,800 teachers, counselors, and principals. The results point out to dissatisfaction of school staff with all aspects of the policymaking in Serbia and with the social and education context. Reforms appear to be undertaken in a similar pattern across different reforms. The findings imply that a thorough examination of both the policymaking in Serbia and communication, organization, and administration within the education system itself is in order.     

School educational project as a criterion of school choice: discourses and practices in the city of Barcelona

In its advancement towards an education quasi-market, Catalonia has recently been driving the development of school educational projects in all schools (both public and private) as a tool to facilitate school autonomy and family choices. A school educational project is a formal document in which schools identify their pedagogical goals, missions and orientations, their academic resources and organisational structures. Through the analysis of 60 in-depth interviews with parents of children at the age of commencing universal pre-primary education (three years old) and data collected from surveys completed by a representative sample made up of 3245 families, this article explores the impact of this policy on discourses and practices of school choice amongst families in the city of Barcelona. On the one hand, we observe that interest in educational projects has penetrated the discourses of the most educated parents, even though, at the same time, we detect a generalised lack of knowledge of the content of such projects. On the other hand, we note that the social composition of schools is still a prominent factor in choice practices. Such findings question the ideal of the autonomous and rational citizen-consumer that underlies the policy of establishing educational projects.     

试析现代活动教育视野下的学校教育特性

与传统的学校教育相比,现代活动教育视野下的学校教育具有三个基本特性:学生活动的主动性、学校教育活动的多样化以及全面性.这三个基本特性,构成了学校教育情境中学生赖以发展的基础.     

The development of the middle school in Sweden: Research and evaluation

The development of the middle school in Sweden is discussed. The historical development is described, with the focus on the creation of teaching traditions as a result of a parallel school system. In the development of the comprehensive school system after World War II, these traditions influenced the forming of the content of the new school.The conflicts around the comprehensive school showed the need for educational research in order to improve decision making. The relation between educational planning, curriculum development and educational research is analyzed.In the seventies a new direction in educational policy emerged, aiming at a more decentralized school system. These changes in the political governing of education are analyzed and discussed in relation to research and the role of educational research in policy making and evaluation of reforms.     

When Classrooms Matter: implications of between‐classroom variability for educational policy in Israel

This study assesses several policy implications of within‐school, between‐classroom variability in pupil achievement. It diverges from current school effect studies by directly modelling pupil achievement in the Jerusalem public primary school system. This three‐level study includes pupils, classrooms and schools, thus allowing an appropriate estimate of the variations between these three levels. The findings show that between‐classroom variability is consistently greater than the estimated variation between schools. These findings contrast with traditional school‐level analyses that usually ignore within‐school variability. In the light of these findings we address three educational and policy issues. First, we probe into the moral consequences of between‐classroom, within‐school variability, specifically focusing on issues of choice and commitment. Second, we scrutinize the administrative policy of ‘social integration’ and reflect on some educational consequences that result from our findings. Third, we assess the Israeli version of ‘school league tables’ and discuss their usefulness as a means of resource allocation