Experimental investigation on system with combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector

This paper presents the heating performance and energy distribution of a system with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector or a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system (SAGSHPS) by calculation and experiment.The results show that the average absolute error is less than 0.6 ℃ and the relative error is less than 5% under the pulse load when the analytical solution to the 2-D solid cylindrical source model is used for the SAGSHPS.The coefficient of performance (COP) of the SAGSHPS is 2.95-4.70.The average fluid temperature in the borehole heat exchanger can increase by 3 ℃ with the assistance of solar collector,which will improve the COP of the heat pump by approximately 10% from the experimental data.The energy contributions to the total heating load of soil,electricity and solar are 56.30%,36.87% and 6.83%,respectively.     

热管式真空管太阳能集热器热性能测试研究

集热器测试系统利用两级温控,采用PID控制方法,把进水温度的漂移控制在±0.2℃以内;利用变频器采用位置式PID算法进行控制,将流量控制在±1%的精度范围内.对热管式真空管太阳能集热器进行了瞬时效率的测试,通过测试,证明了此种集热器热效率高,有广泛应用的前景.     

融雪剂对水稻幼苗生长及部分生理特性的影响

通过溶液培养,研究了不同浓度融雪剂对水稻幼苗生长及部分生理特性的影响。结果表明：在高浓度的融雪剂胁迫下水稻幼苗苗高和根长变小,植株生长受到抑制,低浓度（质量浓度为0．1g,L）融雪剂处理后叶绿素含量略有增加,高浓度的融雪剂处理后叶绿素的含量大幅度下降。质量浓度高于1g,L的融雪剂处理水稻幼苗,根部可溶性糖的含量急剧上升,叶片膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量增加,同时膜受到损伤膜透性增大。     

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger in Frozen Soil Layer

At present ,during the design of ground source heatpump (GSHP) systems ,technical attention is always fo-cused on vertical borehole heat exchangers and surroundingsoil[1 ,2],butthe effects of their shallowhorizontal connect-ing pipes ,or horizontal ground…     

一种新型溶液除湿冷水机组性能分析

介绍了一种应用于制冷空调领域的新型溶液除湿冷水机组,该系统可以由60～80℃的低品位热能驱动,如太阳能平板集热、余热废热等.对该系统建立了数学模型,理论分析了蒸发温度、再生温度、环境空气温湿度、封闭制冷循环和再生循环空气流量等参数对系统性能的影响.结果表明：系统在参考工况下制冷量为2.5kW,性能系数达0.37,制冷性能良好;再生温度和环境空气含湿量对系统制冷量和性能系数的影响较大,而环境空气温度的影响较小;同时,为了使得系统能够经济运行,再生空气流量不宜过大,而封闭制冷循环空气的流量也需要合理选择.     

空气源热泵辅助型太阳能热水系统标准的探讨

《家用空气源热泵辅助型太阳能热水系统技术条件》中对整机综合制热性能系数（COP）试验的平均环境温度和全天太阳能辐照量给出了一定变化范围,为研究这一变化对整机综合COP的影响,将整机的性能试验分两个阶段进行,其中太阳能热水系统加热段在户外进行,空气源热泵加热段在环境温度可控的环境试验室进行。试验表明在标准规定的变化范围内,平均环境温度的变化及全天辐照量的变化对空气源热泵辅助太阳能热水系统整机综合COP有较大影响．其中因平均环境温度的变化及全天辐照量的变化对太阳能热水系统性能影响而引起整机综合COP的变化较小．而因平均环境温度的变化对空气源热泵性能的影响而引起整机综合COP的变化最大可达40％左右。据此对该标准的试验方法、试验条件提出了修改建议。     

热阻和回热损失对太阳能驱动的埃里克森热性能的影响

中建立太阳能驱劝的埃里克森热机系统的一般循环模型，探讨回热损失的内不可逆性因素对其循环效率和集热器最佳工作温度的影响，导出系统的最大效率和太阳能集热器的最佳工作温度，所得的结论对此类循环的研究提供新的理论依据。     

基于新型太阳能空气源热泵供热系统的热泵性能研究

为进一步提高太阳能利用效率和太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统的性能,提出了一种新型太阳能空气源热泵供热系统,并研究了该供热系统的性能和特性.基于自行设计的10kW空气源热泵,建立了供热系统的数学模型,通过模拟得出了不同环境温度和出水温度下供热系统的运行特性和性能规律.结果表明：基于新型太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统,热泵的性能得到较大的提高.当环境温度为7℃时,空气源热泵的COP最大可增加26%.这为进一步研究新型太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统在供暖季节的性能奠定了基础.     

大型矩形混凝土渡槽运行期太阳辐射温度场模拟研究

根据南水北调中线大型矩形混凝土渡槽在夏季太阳辐射工况下温度场的分布及变化规律,建立了太阳辐射模型,并依据渡槽温度边界条件,采用有限元法对其进行了系统分析。结果表明：太阳辐射对混凝土渡槽运行期温度场影响显著,时空变化剧烈,会造成渡槽结构骤变的温度场和较强非线性的温度分布,进而影响渡槽的正常使用。     

2015年唐山市域热岛效应四季特征分析

采用2015年四季的Landsat 8OLI遥感影像数据,利用ENVI,ArcGIS软件反演唐山市主城区地表温度并制图,结合NDVI(归一化植被指数)及地表覆盖类型,分析研究区热岛效应季节性特征。研究表明:唐山市夏季热岛效应明显,高温区面积最大,地表高温区域从城郊农用地域向中心建成区转移,自西向东、由南向北扩散,面积先增后减(按冬、春、夏、秋顺序)。其中南湖区域一直位于低温区,除此之外,春季与夏季、秋季与冬季对应的高、低温区分布情况几乎相反。密集建成区及其间交错的小规模绿地对地表温度升高贡献率最大,其后依次为农田、林地、水体。故南湖生态城的建设对于缓解城市热岛效应及调节气候平衡的作用明显,值得后期对南湖的生态效益开展研究。     

太阳能电池的建模与仿真

目前,世界正在面临寻找替代能源以减少对常规能源的依赖,太阳能便是一个很好的解决方案。但是太阳能辐射强度和环境温度对太阳能电池技术参数和输出特性有很大影响,这里采用了太阳能电池的实用化的工程数学模型,在Matlab/Simulink的仿真系统中,建立了太阳能电池阵列的仿真模型,便于运用到太阳能的开发研究工作中。     

太阳能-地源热泵系统的交替运行特性

为了探讨太阳能-地源热泵系统的交替运行特性,提出并定义了各交替运行模式,建立了交替运行时考虑冻融相变的U形埋管周围土壤传热模型.基于对该模型的数值求解,探讨了各交替运行模式下地下埋管周围土壤温度的变化趋势.结果表明：各交替运行模式均可有效改善埋管周围土壤温度的恢复效果,对于无太阳能补热的昼夜交替与短时间间隔交替运行模式,在以24h为交替运行周期时,其太阳能热源承担的时间比例可控制在50%～58%;同时,利用日间太阳能补热来强制土壤温度的恢复,可有效克服土壤温度的自然恢复缺陷,与其他交替模式综合使用可达最佳运行效果.此外,利用钻孔壁实测数据对所建模型的预测精度进行了验证.研究结论可为太阳能-地源热泵系统的优化运行提供参考.     

Study on performance of a packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage unit integrated with solar water heating system

INTRODUCTION Efforts of rational and effective energy man-agement, as well as environmental considerations, increase the interest in using renewable energy sources, especially solar energy. Because of discrep-ancy between the energy supply and demand in solar heating applications, a thermal energy storage (TES) device has to be used for the most effective utilization of the energy source. Energy storage combined with solar collectors and photovoltaic systems have been developed over the…     

Simulation and experimental study on hydraulic driving fan cooling system for construction machinery working on plateau

Overheating of the engine, the transmission and the hydraulic device is a problem when the construction machinery works on plateau. To solve this problem, we proposed an electro-controlled hydraulic driving fan cooling system （ECHDFCS）. The system was applied to a 50-wheel loader. We carried out the coolant temperature simulation using fluid modeling software FLOWMASTER, followed by laboratory experiments and road tests. The results show that ECHDFCS can adjust the cooling capability of the system automatically based on machine heat dissipation requirements. The coolant temperature is consequently remained within an appropriate range. The simulation results are consistent with the experiment results when the experiment is performed on the plain, but are different from the road tests in some investigated parameters on the plateau.     

Thermal analyses of combined utilization process of seawater by solar chimney

It is promising to simultaneously develop multiple products through the combined utilization of sea-water by solar chimney technology. A small scale experimental system was set up. The collector temperature, the seawater temperature, and the temperature and humidity of the airflow under the collector were measured. Thermal network analysis of the system was carried out. The results show that the airflow is nearly saturated at the entrance of the chimney, and the mean dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures of the airflow have increased by 8.4℃ and 9.6℃ respectively. The radiation heat transfer between the collector and the sky is the biggest heat loss in the system, which is up to 29.1% on average of the solar energy. However, the water evaporation heat is about 23.6% on average of the solar energy. To reduce the heat loss and enhance the water evaporation, it is necessary to reduce the emissivity and thermal conductivity of the collector and increase the evaporation areas.     

Coupled seepage and heat transfer intake model

In the beach well intake system, heat is transferred from soil to fluid when seawater is filtered through the aquifer, providing higher temperature source water to the seawater source heat pump (SWHP) system in winter. A 3-D coupled seepage and heat transfer model for studying beach well intake system is established by adopting the computer code FLUENT. Numerical results of this model are compared with the experimental results under the same conditions. Based on the experiment-verified coupled model, numerical simulation of the supply water temperature is studied over a heating season. Results show that the minimum temperature of supply water is 275.2 K when this intake system continuously provides seawater with flow rate of 35 m3/h to SWHP. Results also indicate that the supply water temperature is higher than seawater, and that the minimum temperature of supply water lags behind seawater, ensuring effective and reliable operation of SWHP.     

交叉双尖窄状多重温室与太阳能热利用

将日光温室进一步改造为内部成交叉双尖窄状的多重温室,使尖窄状内温度更高,从而使置于尖窄状内的太阳能集热器的热效率更高,达90%左右,并将这种特殊结构的温室安装在建筑物窗户外面下端的墙壁上,而热水箱则放于室内,并用软管与集热器相连通,就构成一种窗户型太阳能热利用装置.从而"将多重温室太阳能与建筑相结合,并且使用方式从房顶转向窗户",是一条新的技术路线.     

多功能太阳炉光路聚集传输设计与实验测量

设计制造一种由抛物面聚集器、百叶窗和反射板组成的成本低、功率可调节多功能太阳炉装置。通过建立太阳炉光束聚集传输模型,对太阳炉的光热转换性能进行了理论分析和朗伯靶红外温度成像实验测量。结果表明该多功能太阳具有良好的太阳能聚集与调节特性,太阳光斑能流密度值随百叶窗叶片张角正弦变化。实验表明朗伯靶上太阳光斑中心处热平衡温度达到140 ℃,光斑轮廊形状稳定。结论对太阳炉系统的研究发展提供重要参考依据。     

太阳能综合利用教学、实训装置的研发（VI）——太阳能-空气双源热泵热水系统

作者研究发的太阳能-空气双源热泵热水系统,将太阳能热泵与水蓄热结合,根据用户的需要和室外气象条件的变化,具有单独太阳能制热水、单独空气源制热水、制热水兼制冷、单独制冷、供暖等多种功能,可以节约能源,减少环境污染,是绿色建筑值得推广的一项技术。该系统运行稳定,能效比高,不但可以作为一项新技术在实际工程上推广,而且能够进行科研实验,又可供学生进行系统的测试、调试,作为教学仪器使用。     

空气源热泵热水器变工况性能模型

为建立空气源热泵热水器COP随室外环境温度和水箱温度变化的动态模型,先测定了某一空气源热泵热水器随环境温度和水温变化的COP,引入了卡诺因子,得出了COP的拟合公式,并与测试数据进行了对比,对比表明COP的拟合公式精确度较高,能够满足实际工程应用需要。同时．为使该拟合公式对不同性能的空气源热泵热水器具有普适性,在上述公式的基础上引入COP修正系数,得出了适合不同性能空气源热泵热水器COP的拟合公式．经实验对比．表明该公式也能较好的满足实际工程应用需要。