中美图书馆的互动

中美图书馆的交流始自19世纪下半叶。在20世纪二三十年代，中国图书馆事业出现新局面，它与美国图书馆的交流也渐活跃，抗日战争期间，中美图书馆友谊加深。1972年中美关系开始正常化以来，双方图书馆的互动日益发扬光大。     

美国大学图书馆与远程教育

随着Internet的迅速发展,美国大学图书馆基于互联网的远程教育计划,已开始逐步实施.文献较全面地介绍了美国大学图书馆远程教育的情况,给出了一些案例.     

Reference services in U. S. medical school libraries

Results of a 1967/68 survey of reference practices and policies in U. S. medical school libraries are presented. The information was obtained through questionnaires sent to the libraries of medical schools having students currently enrolled; eighty-five replies were returned.     

中美数字图书馆研究比较

本文就数字图书馆研究问题,对中美在数字图书馆的认识、发展方式等方面进行了比较和分析.     

General characteristics of private academe and public U.S. federal depository libraries

Do public federal depository libraries located in private colleges have paradoxical characteristics? Private academe may have an aura of exclusivity, but federal depository library status ensures that the public has access to government materials. In the first segment of this two-part study, general depository and institutional characteristics are profiled. Comparisons are made between public and private academic depositories and depositories as a whole. Most private academic depositories are located in religiously affiliated small colleges with higher than average tuitions. Due to the small size of many private academic depositories, many may rely on the larger public institutions. Although the average GPO item selection for private academe is far less than the average public academic counterpart, if item selection is compared to student enrollment, private depositories select more than their share. Depository promotion and issues of public access will be further explored in the second article in this study.     

中美大学图书馆现状比较及建议

美国大学图书馆从总体上看馆舍实用、管理规范、服务周到、自动化程度高、资源共享快捷方便。我国大学图书馆发展不平衡，少数名牌大学接近或在接近美国大学图书馆，但大多数图书馆处于“混合型图书馆”阶段，总体上看比美国大学图书馆落后一至二个阶段。最主要的差距是在管理上。当务之急是认清新技术的作用，吸收国外先进的管理思想和管理方法，更新知识，在做好传统文献借阅、咨询服务的同时，拓展电子信息咨询、文献传递服务，三至五年后，力争跳跃地接近国外大学图书馆先进水平。     

Factors responsible for the acquisition of Canadian fiction by U.S. public and academic libraries

A survey of U.S. libraries owning fiction from Canadian publishers revealed important differences in how Canadian fiction is acquired by U.S. public and academic libraries. Public libraries demonstrated remarkable uniformity in how they acquire Canadian fiction, academic libraries great diversity. The importance of reviews—especially in public libraries and especially reviews in a small core of journals—was confirmed. Other factors contributing to the acquisition of Canadian fiction especially by U.S. academic libraries are described and their impact analyzed. The paper ends with a warning that one must not conclude from these findings that public libraries in general depend uniformly or primarily on reviews for the bulk of their fiction selection. A subsequent study of Ontario public libraries showed this not to be the case.     

Preservation activities and needs in U.S. biomedical libraries: a status report

A national sample of health sciences and other types of libraries having significant holdings of biomedical literature was studied to determine the status of library preservation programs. Findings pertaining to 134 basic health sciences libraries and to ninety-seven resource libraries in the Regional Medical Library Program network are reported and discussed. Basic health sciences libraries participating in the study were primarily hospital libraries; resource libraries were primarily academic health sciences center libraries. Findings include information on topics perceived to be of greatest need for staff training and for informational or educational materials; on levels of preservation activity, staffing, and funding; and on capabilities for participating in a national cooperative preservation program. Efforts to identify general and special biomedical collections of potential importance to a national preservation program met with limited success.     

Technology & U.S. government information policies: Catalysts for new partnerships

Technology, moving faster than policy development, has left U.S. government information programs resting on uncertain foundations. This article, an abridgement of a report by the ARL Task Force on Government Information in Electronic Format, is the result of an effort to develop a framework for understanding—philosophically, functionally, and fiscally — the patterns that exist for government information today, and the shifts in those patterns resulting from the introduction of government information in electronic formats. Four questions are identified that should be considered by government agencies and libraries as decisions are made about how to provide the public with government informtion in electronic format. The report points to be need for a clearer picture of how government responsiblities for public availability of government information in eictronic formats might be fulfilled in partnership with the private sector without the loss of the characteristics that make this information distinctive: the absence of restrictions on use, including for basic government information, absence of a fee.     

透视文化碰撞中的传播健康研究

美国传播健康研究以健康与医疗问题为切入点 ,直接解释全球化时代多文化身份建构的意义和存在的问题 ,并创新性地提出了具有文化敏感性的传播健康研究模型。其关注普遍性的现实问题 ,坚持进行深入专题研究的指导思想 ,无疑会给国内传播学研究者以深刻的警醒和启发。     

Alternative user survey and group process methods nominal group technique applied to U.S. depository libraries

Understanding user needs need not be based on guesswork, yet there may be shortcut data collection alternatives to traditional expensive and timeconsuming library user surveys. Depository libraries are required to select useful materials to provide government information meeting the needs of area users. Assessing user needs is vital to library planning and to the development of library collection and public services policies. In any planning or assessment process, it is critical to define the specific planning purpose before determining the data to be collected and the methods of collection. There are various qualitative techniques for obtaining user information. Community surveys, published documents, library internal reports, and databases also yield user information. Alternatives to traditional user surveys provide the increased utility of improving communication among area information users and providers. A group process, which allows participants to hear each other, may be more effective and efficient than a written survey. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT), creates a listening forum, providing library administrators with information for planning.     

An inquiry into the availability of Canadian fiction in U.S. libraries with special attention to the influence of reviews

In order to investigate the availability of Canadian fiction in U.S. libraries and the influence of reviews in U.S. sources on this availability, 182 “Novels” that had been reviewed in Canadian Book Review Annual were searched in the OCLC data base and in Book Review Index. Findings suggest that Canadian fiction is widely owned by U.S. libraries only when a work has been reviewed in U.S. sources—especially Booklist, Kirkus, Library Journal, and Publishers Weekly. Furthermore, results suggest that Canadian fiction is normally reviewed in U.S. sources only when the work is available in a U.S. edition. Anomalies are noted and suggestions are made for further research.     

美国广告法规对我国《广告法》修订的启示

《中华人民共和国广告法》修改在即,美国广告法规中一些好的做法值得我们借鉴。建立一个被赋予适当权利和明确职责的权威管理机构．在维护消费者利益、促进行业稳步发展的基点上制定明细的法规条款,激励诚实守法者。重罚恶意违法者,应是我们努力的方向。