欧元启动探源

1999年1月1日,欧洲经济与货币联盟正式启动欧洲统一货币———欧元。这是欧盟面对政治多极化、经济全球化的世界大潮联合自强的重大创举。欧元的成功实施,将是世界经济史上“里程碑”式的事件。它对于欧洲改变自己在21世纪世界政治和经济舞台上的角色,将起到非常重要的作用。本文拟就欧元启动的渊源作一初步探索。一从历史渊源上看,欧洲对单一货币的追求可以追溯到19世纪后半叶。当时,欧洲各国主要实行银本位制度。1865年,法国、比利时、瑞士和意大利4国为了避免由于各国银币纯度不同引致市场投机和各国货币间比价不稳定,产生劣币驱逐良币现…     

美国的地理位置与“亚洲牌”

美国的地理位置与“亚洲牌”□朱玉恩（重庆南坪实验中学）美国是当今世界头号资本主义强国，这与它所处的地理位置息息相关。特别是在它与欧洲的较量中，显示出得天独厚的优越性。欧洲是世界上工业化最早的地区，向以“世界中心”自居。但是，欧洲主要凭借的是大西洋。在...     

新航路开辟影响再认识

1.对欧洲的影响(1)经济上:引起了所谓的“商业革命”,扩大了世界各地区、各民族之间的经济和文化交往,欧洲同非洲、亚洲之间的贸易扩大,世界各地区的商品逐渐在欧洲市场上出现;引起所     

《拿破仑法典》与近代欧洲一体化进程

《拿破仑法典》对欧洲一体化的历史进程产生了重要的影响。它巩固了法国大革命和拿破仑改革的成果 ,为欧洲资本主义的发展扫清了障碍 ;统一和完善了欧洲法律特别是民法典 ;成为欧洲和世界上许多国家民法典的蓝本 ,从而极大地促进了欧洲的一体化进程。     

欧元启动对中国经济开放的影响

进入21世纪,欧元在世界金融舞台上扮演了强势姿态.东南亚金融风暴后,全世界更加关注欧洲经济暨货币联盟这个世界最大,而且不断扩张的单一市场,在货币统一之后到底会对国际金融力量和国际金融格局、乃至世界政治格局造成怎样的冲击;我们也更加关注它对中国经济发展会造成哪些影响.     

义务教育初中地理教学辅导(续)

第十五章 欧洲东部和 北亚—俄罗斯 教材知识结构 以俄罗斯一个国家作为一个单独的区域来讲其地理特征,是本章教材与其他章节所不同的地方。 俄罗斯单列一章是因为它有很多独特的地理特征,面积比欧洲10~7km~2还大,有1.7×10~7km~2,是世界上第一大国。世界上有不少地跨两洲的国家,但都没有像俄罗斯那样,所跨的亚洲和欧洲都有相当大的面积,亚洲部分占该国领土面积的3/4,但它却称为欧洲国家。     

第二十一站：憨厚的大熊——俄罗斯

要说欧洲跟中国关系最近的,那可就是算俄罗斯了,它是世界上面积最大的国家,从欧洲一跨到亚洲。作为我们最重要的邻居,不去逛一逛他们家那可不行啊。     

《拿破仑法典》与近代欧洲一体化进程

《拿破仑法典》对欧洲一体化的历史进程产生了重要的影响。它巩固了法国大革命和拿破仑改革，为欧洲资本主义的发展扫清了障碍；统一和完善了欧洲法典特别是民法典；成为欧洲和世界上许多国家法典的蓝本，从而极大地促进了欧洲的一体化进程。     

欧洲多边主义及其对亚太的意义

欧洲多边主义的发展历史较长,它也是目前世界上最成功和完善的地区多边主义模式.而亚太地区多边主义刚处于初始阶段,相对于欧洲来说还很落后.对亚太来说,地区多边主义是个新的东西,虽然照搬欧洲的模式不可取,但是认真研究和借鉴欧洲的经验还是很必要的.     

全球碳交易所运作机制对我国的启示

国际碳交易所已逐步形成较为完善的交易体系,中国虽是世界碳供给大国,但碳交易所的发展却刚刚起步,在国际碳交易上还没有话语权。当前,建立我国碳交易体系,完成与国际碳市场对接,提高我国在碳排放交易中的地位和竞争力迫在眉睫。     

Graduate Employment and Work in europe: Diverse Situations and Common Perceptions

The relationships between higher education and the world of work are viewed, principally, as similar in economically advanced societies. The comparative study `Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Europe', however, indicates substantial differences between European countries as regards transition to employment, as well as the employment and work situation, according to objective and subjective measures. The analysis is based on a survey of more than 30,000 graduates from 10 European countries about 3–4 years after graduation. The findings suggest that only a minority of 10–20% of graduates face substantial problems on the labour market or end up in positions not commensurate with their level of education. There is a clear North-South differential in Europe with respect to transition and objective employment measures, while the pattern is moredifferentiated with respect to the perceivedutilisation of knowledge, the self-ratedadequacy of position and the job satisfaction.     

制约我国社会资本参与碳基金的因素及对策分析——基于碳金融衍生品视角

我国有望建成全球最大的碳排放权交易市场,市场前景十分广阔。但当前碳市场价格失真且缺少风险管理工具,使得社会资本以设立碳基金的方式进入碳市场的动力不足。而金融衍生品具有价格发现和风险管理的功能,可以针对性地解决当前碳基金发展的困境问题。因此,加速我国碳衍生品的设计和试运行,逐步建立起完备的碳市场交易体系,提升我国在国际碳金融领域的地位,势在必行。     

我国碳交易市场现状及发展对策研究

本文以碳交易市场的建立已成为全球低碳经济发展的必然要求为背景,以如何正确认识我国碳交易发展存在的问题及解决方案为目的,从现状到存在的问题再到现实意义等各个方面进行分析和归纳,进而论证对我国碳交易发展的正确认识是碳交易市场有效建立的重要前提。在欧美碳交易市场的繁荣发展给我国碳市场发展带来了较大压力的同时,更体现了研究我国碳交易发展对策的重要性和我国发展碳交易市场的重大意义。     

A Look at the Anatomy Educator Job Market: Anatomists Remain in Short Supply

In 2002, a widely publicized report projected an anatomy educator shortage based on department chairpersons' perceptions. Now, 17 years later, the question lingers: “Does an anatomy educator shortage persist and, if so, how severe is the shortage?” Trends in the number, type, and fill rate of anatomy educator job openings were explored by analyzing job posting in the United States over the past two years. A survey was distributed to leaders of anatomy-related departments in the United States, Canada, and European Union. Most departmental leaders who responded (65% or more) from the United States/Canada (n = 81) and the European Union (n = 52) anticipate they will have “moderate” to “great” difficulty hiring anatomy educators in gross anatomy, histology, and embryology over the next five years. Within the United States, the number of anatomy educator job postings at medical schools more than doubled from at least 21 postings in 2017 to 52 postings in 2018. Twenty-one percent of postings between 2017 and 2018 were never filled. While the number of anatomy educator openings within the United States/Canada is perceived to remain in a steady state for the next five years, the European Union estimates a five-fold increase in the number of openings. Departmental leaders prioritize anatomy educator applicants who have teaching experience (mean ± SD = 4.64 ± 0.84 on five-point Likert scale), versatility in teaching multiple anatomy disciplines (3.93 ± 1.07), and flexibility in implementing various teaching pedagogies (3.69 ± 1.17). Collectively, these data suggest the shortage of anatomy educators continues in the United States/Canada and the European Union.     

The role of engagement in immigrant students’ academic resilience

Academic resilience refers to academic success despite chronic socio-educational adversity. Given increases in immigration across the world in the past decade (including in Europe), there have been calls to identify factors (e.g., engagement) that can better support immigrant students’ academic resilience. With a sample of N = 17,241 immigrant students from 18 European countries, the present investigation employed multi-level probit regression to determine the extent to which cognitive, behavioral, and social-emotional engagement predict academic resilience status at both the student- and school-level. Findings revealed that cognitive engagement and behavioral engagement, at both the student- and school-level, are positively associated with academic resilience (yielding moderate and large effect sizes), while the findings regarding social-emotional engagement were more equivocal.     

碳排放权交易的环境效应及对策研究

碳排放权交易作为《京都议定书》认定的碳交易机制,在缓解全球气候变暖问题上发挥了很重要的作用。在开放经济下,若真实收入的边际损失弹性大于1,两国之间的排放交易将导致世界温室气体排放的减少。目前国际上已形成多个碳排放权交易市场,但是各个交易市场之间流动性差,有待进一步完善。中国的碳排放交易市场也逐步建立并迅速壮大,庞大的贸易量和温室气体排放的潜在增长规模需要中国积极参与多边气候协商机制,制定合理的法律法规和产业扶持政策,加快低碳技术的研发,推动碳排放交易的市场机制的完善和经济贸易的可持续发展。     

核心能力与战略多元化发展——基于通用电气公司的实证分析

不同于在技术和市场两方面关联度极低或全无关联的多角化发展,战略多元化是指创新型企业基于长期发展的核心技术和市场能力与经验,在技术或市场上,抑或在技术和市场两个领域都拥有极强关联性的多元化创新发展。多角化发展除金融性投机行为以外,在长期运营中不仅不能有效利用企业已有的技术和市场资源及能力优势,而且会为企业增加不必要的学习成本及能力与经验习得成本,而战略多元化则可以发挥和发掘企业的核心优势,进一步增强企业的核心竞争力。通用电气公司是战略化发展的典型,通过分析其在20世纪50年代分权化改革时建立的多个分部和下属事业部的业务运营,可以从历史发展的纵向角度,以历史资料为实证研究基础,清晰展现其战略多元化的发展状况。     

Children's Cross‐Ethnic Relationships in Elementary Schools: Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Ethnic Segregation and Social Status

This study examined whether ethnic segregation is concurrently (fall) and prospectively (fall to spring) associated with social status among 4th‐ and 5th‐grade African American and European American children (n = 713, ages 9–11 years). Segregation measures were (a) same‐ethnicity favoritism in peer affiliations and (b) cross‐ethnicity dislike. Social status measures were same‐ and cross‐ethnicity peer nominations of acceptance, rejection, and cool. Among African Americans, fall segregation predicted declines in cross‐ethnicity (European American) acceptance and same‐ethnicity rejection, and increases in same‐ethnicity acceptance and perceived coolness. For European American children, fall segregation predicted declines in cross‐ethnicity (African American) acceptance and increases in cross‐ethnicity rejection. Results indicate that segregation induces asymmetric changes in social status for African American and European American children.     

Learning to Learn From Stories: Children's Developing Sensitivity to the Causal Structure of Fictional Worlds

Fiction presents a unique challenge to the developing child, in that children must learn when to generalize information from stories to the real world. This study examines how children acquire causal knowledge from storybooks, and whether children are sensitive to how closely the fictional world resembles reality. Preschoolers (N = 108) listened to stories in which a novel causal relation was embedded within realistic or fantastical contexts. Results indicate that by at least 3 years of age, children are sensitive to the underlying causal structure of the story: Children are more likely to generalize content if the fictional world is similar to reality. Additionally, children become better able at discriminating between realistic and fantastical story contexts between 3 and 5 years of age.     

Development of Gender Typicality and Felt Pressure in European French and North African French Adolescents

Trajectories of gender identity were examined from Grade 6 (M_age = 11.9 years) to Grade 9 in European French (n = 570) and North African French (n = 534) adolescents, and gender and ethnic group differences were assessed in these trajectories. In Grade 6, boys of both ethnic groups reported higher levels of gender typicality and felt pressure for gender conformity than girls. European French girls and boys and North African French girls reported decreasing gender typicality from Grade 6 to Grade 9, whereas North African French boys did not change. Felt pressure decreased among girls, did not change in European French boys, and increased in North African French boys. Ethnic and gender differences in gender identity development are discussed.