教育内部效率研究述评

相对以往更多关注宏观层面的资源配置效率问题,近年来教育经济学者把教育内部效率作为一个热点问题进行研究.为此,在回顾国内外教育内部效率相关研究成果的基础上,对教育内部效率的研究方法进行归纳和比较,指出DEA方法具有方法上的独特优势,最后提出利用DEA方法研究中国学校内部效率问题具有广阔的研究空间.     

改革以来教育在经济领域中是否存在公平效率的改进

经济的持续增长依赖于教育所提供的智力支持,本文利用Klenow and Rodriguez-Clare发展的核算方法对改革开放以来中国教育在经济领中的增长因素进行了分解。我们有如下三个主要发现：首先,1978年以来中国教育效率提高非常迅速,对经济产出增长的贡献超过其他领域对经济产出增长的贡献;其次,1990年之前效率提高最主要的因素是社会经济二元结构转换,1990年之后则为净效率提高;最后,改革前的增长是要素驱动的,扣除人力资本和结构转换因素之后的净效率是快速下降的。敏感性分析表明,我们的结论是稳健的。     

解析高校教育技术中心的职能与任务

该文作者总结多年来教育技术工作的点滴经验,套用AECT 94定义的表述形式,针对学习过程和学习资源,按照五个范畴逐个解析出高校教育技术中心的工作职能和任务,供教育技术中心的同行们参考。     

基于DEA视窗分析理论的普通高中教育效率研究

合理、准确的进行普通高中教育效率评价有利于引导教育投资方向,提高教育效率,推进教育改革。利用DEA模型,在假设规模收益不变条件下,采用基于投入的视窗分析方法研究1999-2009年我国各省市区普通高中的教育效率发现：同一时间段不同省份之间的教育效率差别很大,但同一省份不同时间段间的效率差别不大;与经济发展情况不同,中西部地区的教育效率高于东部地区;经济发达地区的各种投入的影子价格均低于欠发达地区。针对各地教育效率现状,政府应针对不同地区实际,制定鼓励民间资本投资普通高中的优惠政策,扩大对自然条件恶劣或少数民族聚居区异地教学支持的帮扶,加大财政转移支付,改善欠发达地区教育投入不足的现状,从而从总体上提高全国普通高中教育的效率水平。     

When overseas education meets a changing local context: the role of Tokyo Higher Technical School in the industrial modernisation of China in the early twentieth century

It is a wise choice for a backward country to explore overseas education bases to find the training for urgently needed talents. In 1900, the Qing government began actively sending students to study advanced technology in Japan. From that time, Tokyo Higher Technical School (THTS) became an indispensable overseas base for Chinese students studying abroad. Although the educational resources of THTS were not superior to those of the imperial universities, returning THTS graduates played a greater role in the industrial modernisation of China than the graduates from imperial universities. This article shows that the role of importers of technology is not only determined by the technology they have acquired, but also highly influenced by a variety of factors, such as opportunity and social demand, presenting a complex and changeable pattern in different contexts. For developing countries, the ‘appropriateness’ plays a more important role than the ‘progressiveness’ of the imported technology.     

教学效率数学模型建构的教育原理及意义

如何提高教学效率,是各层次各类教学研究的重要问题。在教学理论和实践基础上首次提出的“教学效率的数学模型”,可以直观地理解教学效率的三个限制性原理,即在学校教育中不能仅仅强调学生自主学习,不能仅仅强调教师单向传授知识,教与学是相互“耦合”的。其原理表明三个不可能：只要求学生自主学习,不可能高效;只要求教师灌输,不可能高效;不将教师的教学转化为学生的自学,不可能高效。以此模型推论,对于不同学科、不同水平的教师和学生,两条“学历一效率”曲线的交点0是不同的。这就为因材施教地研究教学效率提供了新思路。在系统研究教学模型基础上建构的“教学模型的数学模型”,是“模式的模式”,即元模式。元模式的研究具有方法论价值,为教师在教学中选择合适的教学模型提供了实用的模式“网络结构”。这些数学模型之于远程教育的意义是：远程教学十分需要新的突破。     

An ESD pathway to quality education in the Cyprus primary education context

This research is based on the rationale that the well-defined framework of education for sustainable development (ESD), its connection with real life and its specific integration in the educational policies and curricula can help to enhance quality education (QE) in a meaningful and identifiable way. In a first step, the common ground of ESD and QE was explored in different areas: common dimensions, future-oriented objectives, commonly targeted skills, value orientation, teaching and learning approaches. In a second step, this information was taken as a base to investigate how well twelve lesson units for primary school reflect the common ground of ESD and QE. The units were specifically developed for this research, in which ESD experienced teachers (mentors) supported inexperienced ones (mentees). Results indicate that ESD can reinforce QE, but that teachers need support with regard to the political and cultural dimensions of SD issues, collaborations with local communities and assessments.     

高等教育资源配置效率与公平分析

现行的高等教育财政资源分配方式看似是效率优先,兼顾公平,实则效率较低,有失公平。欲使这种状况有所改善,引入市场机制也许是一种不错的选择。     

Becoming scientific and becoming professional: towards moderating rationalism in the initial teacher education curriculum

The aim of this mainly theoretical article is to sketch a curriculum model, based upon Stenhouse (1975), for the education of primary school teachers with a focus on their teaching of science. Arising from practical concerns, the purpose is to outline a framework for creative compliance with the more retrogressive characteristics of the national requirements. A distinction between training and education leads to a conceptualization of education as a process of becoming. This is applied to aspects of science and to aspects of education separately, and then brought together to envisage a moderated approach to the teaching and the assessment of student teachers which could guide practice.     

论高校招生的政策效率

高校招生的政策效率是指科学选才与行政成本之间的比例,它不但与政策的投入和产出有关,而且还与政策的目标有关。在政策的运行过程中,由于政策本身的价值选择、政策执行主体的差异性和政策背景的关联性,高校招生的政策效率总是受到制约,其实际效率也总是低于理论效率。     

Estimating the degree cost functions of the Philippines public and private higher educational Institutions

A flexible one-output and two-input cost function is estimated for the degree program offerings of public and private higher educational institutions (HEIs) of the Philippines, employing the data from a nationally representative sample of 29 HEIs. This model, called Flexible Fixed Cost Quadratic cost function includes as output—full time equivalent degree program enrollment, and the two factor inputs—teaching cost and operating cost per student. Units of observation are the degree programs being offered by the sample HEIs. Results indicate that public and private HEIs exhibit structurally different cost functions, with the public sector enjoying markedly better cost efficiency and over-all scale economy.     

论社会主义和谐社会效率价值观

构建社会主义和谐社会要坚持马克思主义效率价值观。“效率”是马克思主义理论中的重要范畴     

Holocaust Memorial Day in schools - context,process and content: a review of research into Holocaust education

The Holocaust was officially remembered in Britain for the first time on 27 January 2001. This is to be an annual event and it is intended that it will provide a focus for work in schools. The paper reviews the findings of research into Holocaust education and discusses the implications for teachers intending to respond to this important initiative.     

浅谈高等教育强国建设的大背景下地方高等教育的发展

人力资源强国呼唤着高等教育强国,人才强国也对高等教育强国提出了迫切的要求,高等教育强国不仅是教育强国的重要特点,而且是建设人力资源强国的最根本的要求。我国的教育纲要指出,提高质量是高等教育发展的核心任务,是建设高等教育强国的基本要求。高等教育强国并不仅仅是一个数量的概念,更是一个质量的概念。高等教育强国是新时代下建设社会主义国家的必然选择。     

Patterns of resource distribution in a decentralized urban public school system

Decentralization in the Detroit Public Schools resulted in the establishment of administrative regions and the sharing of responsibility for resource allocation among regional and central administrators. This study examines the relationship between resource levels (measured by per pupil spending and pupil-teacher ratios) and demographic characteristics of schools in each region. Regression analysis revealed differences among regions, with some allocating more resources to schools in lower-income neighborhoods and others favoring middle-income areas. Variations were also found in patterns of distribution of federal and state compensatory funds. These differences, the study concludes, were the consequence of utilization of different decision rules and responsiveness by regional administrators to different population groups.     

Multi-stakeholder aid to education: power in the context of partnership

This study examines power asymmetries within the largest multi-stakeholder agency in the education sector: the Global Partnership for Education (GPE). Drawing from data collected through key informant interviews and document analyses, this research asks if the establishment of the GPE has altered power arrangements in educational aid. The study finds that in spite of efforts to create a more equitable environment via the GPE, bilateral donors and the World Bank in particular retain their hierarchical positions through the maintenance of structures that reproduce their dominant status, thereby countering the principles that underpin the GPE’s mandate.     

地方公安院校人文教育的现状与对策探析

地方公安院校由于人文学科积淀少,师资力量薄弱、工具理性等原因,人文教育有被边缘化的危险。要树立人文引领、专业奠基的教育理念,教学制度上保障人文教育,加强教师人文素养,改进人文教育的教学方式,加强学风建设和校园文化建设,综合施策,着手应对。     

To vocationalise or not to vocationalise? Perspectives on current trends and issues in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Africa

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the dichotomy of vocational education versus general education. This is more so as political pronouncements in many countries across the globe have taken on knowledge and skills as the key aim of the desire to improve access to education at all levels. Nowhere is this debate more tested, fiercely debated and gained controversy as in Africa. However, given recent developments in which knowledge and skills have become more acceptable terms in economically more developed nations, in which both are seen to go hand in hand, what is happening in Africa where development is highly sought but has proven to be more elusive? This has brought back to the forefront one of the dilemmas which has pre-occupied many African countries for a long time: whether to concentrate investment in general education or in vocational education. In this paper, I reflect on current trends and issues in TVET in Africa.     

Saving the world through neoliberalism: philanthropic policy networks in the context of Spanish education

This article analyses the processes of ‘neoliberalisation’ in education as directed by Teach For All. Specifically, we explore the case of Empieza por Educar, the Spanish policy network included in Teach For All. The first section seeks to clarify what we understand by the term neoliberalism, using a theoretical dimension through different perspectives. The second section explores the meaning of the new philanthropy. Methodologically, in the third section, the piece of research is categorised under what is defined as ‘Network Ethnography’, an approach which unifies social network analysis with some traditional ethnographic methods. The fourth section explores the meaning Teach For All and its foundation in Spain (Empieza por Educar) as a philanthropic foundation which is changing the political arena. The fifth section explores how Neoliberalism (with big ‘N’) is constructed by means of a complex interconnection of actors and policies that establish the policy network within the Spanish context. The sixth section analyses how neoliberalism (with small ‘n’) is implemented in the curriculum through three aspects: hegemonic truths; the conduct of the conduct (performativity culture); and the modes of formation of the subject with practices of oneself (entrepreneur of oneself).