教学隐喻在教师教育中的应用——以教学论课程为例

教学论课程的教学起点应是师范生已有的教学观念。通过撰写、分享和讨论个人学习（教学）生活史以及反映生活史的教学隐喻,使师范生初步反思和扩展其自身的教学观念。与此同时,挖掘教学理论中的教学隐喻,以隐喻和逻辑相结合的方式传播教学理论,并将其与师范生已有的教学观念相融合,有利于他们对教学理论的理解,进而深化他们对教学的认识。这些措施的价值在于培养师范生的反思能力,引导其认识教学的复杂性,并生成超越现实的教学信念。     

A Window for a Purpose: Developing a Framework for Describing Effective Science Teaching and Learning

This paper describes the development of a framework – the SIS Components – for describing effective teaching and learning in science, to support a system wide change initiative. The methodology used and the analysis that led to their refinement, is traced to expose the different issues involved in constructing the notion of effective practice. These issues have to do with purpose, politics and audience. They determine features of the framework such as specificity, elements focused on, and the support structures that are put in place to establish the particular discourse being promoted. The paper describes the different research methods used to establish, to promote and to validate the components, and outlines the different senses in which this and any framework can be seen as contingent on the setting for which it is intended.     

Science Curriculum Components Favored by Taiwanese Biology Teachers

The new 1–9 curriculum framework in Taiwan provides a remarkable change from previous frameworks in terms of the coverage of content and the powers of teachers. This study employs a modified repertory grid technique to investigate biology teachers' preferences with regard to six curriculum components. One hundred and eighty-five in-service and pre-service biology teachers were asked to determine which science curriculum components they liked and disliked most of all to include in their biology classes. The data show that the rank order of these science curriculum components, from top to bottom, was as follows: application of science, manipulation skills, scientific concepts, social/ethical issues, problem-solving skills, and the history of science. They also showed that pre-service biology teachers, as compared with in-service biology teachers, favored problem-solving skills significantly more than manipulative skills, while in-service biology teachers, as compared with pre-service biology teachers, favored manipulative skills significantly more than problem-solving skills. Some recommendations for ensuring the successful implementation of the Taiwanese 1–9 curriculum framework are also proposed.     

Exploring pre-service primary teachers’ progression towards inquiry-based science learning

ABSTRACT

Background

An in-depth understanding of pre-service primary teachers’ progression towards teaching science through inquiry is critical for improving teacher education programmes and, ultimately, improving the quality of science teaching and learning in the classroom.     

Context as mediator: teaching residents’ opportunity and learning in high-need urban schools

This article presents findings from an exploratory empirical study of teaching residents’ opportunities and learning within the overlapping contexts of English as a Second Language (ESL)/special education classrooms and high-need urban schools. Utilizing documentation from the first year of a teacher residency program, our findings illustrate the central role that mentor teachers play in determining the kinds of opportunities afforded to teaching residents and the ways in which factors unique to these clinical contexts shape learning. Implications center on the preparation of mentor teachers and the work of teacher education programs in the US.     

How to use (five) curriculum design principles to align authentic learning environments,assessment, students’ approaches to thinking and learning outcomes

In this article, we articulate five principles of curriculum design and illustrate their application in a third‐year undergraduate course for environmental and ecological scientists. In this way, we provide a practical framework for others wishing to enhance their students’ learning. To apply the five principles, we created a learning environment consisting of a broad range of learning resources and activities which were structured and sequenced with an integrated assessment strategy. The combined effect of this ensured alignment between the learning environment we created, the thinking approaches students used and the learning outcomes they achieved. More specifically, the assessment activities guided students by requiring them to recognise when their understanding was limited – and then to engage them in thinking approaches that would develop their understanding further. By providing a framework of thoughts, ideas and information, we sought to progressively enhance the sophistication of our learners’ thinking. Thus, the assessment required students to integrate, synthesise and construct their understandings in ways consistent with the discipline and the professional pathways on which they had embarked. We intend that this illustration will act as a guide to other academics to adopt the same principles in their teaching.     

The emotions in teaching and learning nature sciences and physics/chemistry in pre-service primary teachers

A study was made of different emotions that prospective primary school teachers report with respect to science subjects, when they were pupils, and during their practice teaching, taking into account the variables gender and the speciality they studied in the secondary education. The study consisted of a questionnaire completed by 63 primary education students at the University of Extremadura, Spain. The results show a great difference between the emotions related to the subjects of physics/chemistry and the nature sciences （biology/geology）. The scientific subject influences the emotions of pre-service primary teachers, both in learning and teaching. In physics and chemistry, the emotions are mostly negative. While in nature sciences they are very positive. In nature sciences, there is a correlation between the emotions felt as secondary school pupils learning science and those they feel as teachers. In physics and chemistry, there is a correlation in the women between the emotions felt as secondary school pupils learning science and those they feel as teachers, but not in the men. The memory of their emotions in learning science at school is more negative than in teaching science during their teaching practice, except in nervousness in physics/chemistry. By gender, men declared a greater predilection for science content than women, with more of them describing such feelings as sympathy or confidence. The results highlight the influential role that emotions play throughout the professional growth of future primary teachers.     

Complexity Science and Education: Reconceptualizing the Teacher’s Role in Learning

This writing is structured around the question, \"What is teaching?\" Drawing on complexity science, we first seek to demonstrate the tremendously conflicted character of contemporary discussions of teaching. Then we offer two examples of teaching that we use to illustrate the assertion that what teaching is can never be reduced to or understood in terms of what the teacher does or intends. Rather, teaching must be understood in terms of its complex contributions to new, as-yet-unimaginable collective possibilities.     

关于教师专业发展课程设置的构想

我国基础教育阶段的教师教育课程设置还处于探索阶段,既没有统一的标准,也缺乏相应的课程鉴定制度,存在诸多问题。文章在借鉴教师专业发展阶段论的基础上,结合我国职称评定制度,把基础教育阶段的教师教育区分出四类对象,同时针对不同类别教师教育对象提出课程设置的具体设想。     

亲历教学式学习——新课程背景下公共教育学的学法探究之一

多年来,高师教育学课程教学改革陷入种种困境。欲使教育学课程教学改革走出困境,必须构建以学生为本的丰富的学法体系。亲历教学式学习在高师教育学教学中的运用,契合教师的职业要求,体现现代教育的理念,满足学生的交往需要及人格构建,符合新一轮基础教育课程改革对教师培养的要求。     

对我省高师体育课程设置改革的思考

结合我省高师体育教育现状,提出体育课程设置改革设想：(1)转变思想观念;(2)将课程设置为A、B、C三类;(3)调整体育课程类型结构;(4)建立科学的体育课程评价体系及课程资源的开发利用。力求构建出新世纪我省高师体育教育课程的新模式。     

Teacher Candidates’ Perceived Learning in an International Exchange Program: An ICT Course Example

ABSTRACT

This article reports the perceived learning of a group of Chinese teacher candidates who audited an ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) literacy course while participating in an exchange programme between Southwest University in China and the University of Windsor in Canada. Data were collected through 1) reflective notes written by visiting students and 2) semi-structured interviews conducted with them towards the end of their visit. The majority of participants stated that the learning experience helped them to realise the important role theory plays in the learning of ICT and to seek ideas of how to creatively integrate ICT in their future classrooms. Participants with limited ICT knowledge and skills reported that by being exposed to various functions of frequently used programmes and many free software programmes, they felt more confident in using ICT in their own teaching. Furthermore, those with strong ICT backgrounds found that the course helped them to understand the relationship among ICT, society, and pedagogy. The teacher candidates’ perceived learning included aspects of culture and pedagogy in addition to ICT knowledge and skills. Coming to know in ways like this is critically important to international partnerships and foundational to reciprocal learning where each learns from the other.     

教师学习的内涵及对教师教育的启示

教师学习的内涵是多元的。从学习过程看,教师学习是建构性学习;从学习方式看,教师学习是参与式学习;从学习结果看,教师学习是理解性学习。教师学习内涵的研究为我国的教师教育提供了依据和启示。     

美国大学提供科学教师真实研究经历的课程模式及其启示

实施探究教学需要教师具有从事真实的科学研究的经历,理解科学的性质,能够将自己的研究经历转化为在中学实施的探究教学。美国大学提供在职教师和实习教师研究经历的课程模式有短期模式,师徒模式和探究的课程学习模式。我们能从中获得有益的借鉴。