我国大学与城市关系现状述评

改革开放以来,全国城市和大学的数量和规模都在不断扩大,大学与城市发展同步,大学大城市化和区域化明显。大学在城际间不断流动,大学城不断涌现。城市是大学产生的基础,大学产生之后全方位促进城市功能提升,并促进城市文化、创造力及国际化发展。大学与城市在土地、资金、周边环境等方面也存在一定矛盾。     

大学城公共服务满意度测评及对策建议(上)——以重庆大学城为例

1、大学城公共服务及大学城公共服务满意度概念的界定 大学城公共服务是指以政府为主导的公共组织直接或间接为大学城全体师生与科研人员提供公共产品或公共服务的行为总和。包括两部分内容,一是大学城作为一种城市应该具备的城市公共服务,二是大学城作为大学的城应该具备的体现大学自身特色的公共服务。大学城公共服务满意度是指大学城师生与科研人员对大学城公共服务的积极或消极的满足程度与情感。     

关于“大学城”：概念规划与概念设计

“大学城”是近两年在我国一些经济文化较为发达的大城市或地区中心城市出现的一种新事物。在一些城市地区，所谓的“大学城”已在建设之中。而在更多的城市地区，“大学城”也已进入构想与筹划的阶段。在一些地区，“大学城”的建设甚至透出一种竞争的气息：区内数个中心城市都在积极建设或筹建自己的“大学城”。种种迹象表明，“大学城”有可能成为我国高等教育下一阶段一个重要的生长点，一种新的大学运动表现形式，一种新的大学组织形态。由于“大学城”的规模与投入非同一般，牵涉的关系相当复杂，其建设的好坡无疑将对高等教育乃至当地社会经济文化的发展产生重在而深远的影响，因此，对这种新出现的情况及其带来的问题进行分析和评估是非常迫切和必要的。本文仅从概念规划和概念设计的层面上，讨论“大学城”的现实必要性、核心概念及相应的规划与设计问题。     

集聚与辐射:大学城规划建设及功能

一何谓大学城?综观国内外的大学城,总体上大约可分为两类:一类是城市因大学而出名,其中有的甚至是先有大学再有城市的,这往往是一个漫长的历史积淀的结果,比如一些欧洲的老大学,如英国的剑桥、牛津,可以说是因大学带起了一座城;当然也有些更为古老的城市,但也以大学而声名鹊起,     

从大学的兴起,寻找大学原初的灵魂——读《大学的兴起》有感

大学兴起于中世纪的欧洲,以南部意大利的博洛尼亚大学和北部法国的巴黎大学为代表。当大学作为一种组织机构,建立起了相应的制度,大学就产生了。大学之初没有建筑,是学生或教师的联合体,可见真正的大学是精神、学术的共同体。本文建立在阅读《大学的兴起》的基础上,试图从大学兴起的脉络与痕迹里找寻当今部分大学所缺失的灵魂。     

欧洲博洛尼亚进程中的学生组织

欧洲学生组织在大学中的重要作用最早可以追溯到中世纪。尽管中世纪晚期学生型大学逐渐变成了巴黎模式的教师型大学,但是学生参与学校管理的传统一直延续至今。欧洲博洛尼亚进程中同样也有学生组织的参与．其中最为重要的就是欧洲学生联合会（ESU）,在博洛尼亚进程中代表欧洲学生的观点,也成为学生自主管理的一个典范。     

大学城的衍沿与指谓

20世纪中叶，西方国家相率兴起一批以大学为主体、以城市为依托、以资源共享功能互补和产学研一体化为主要目标的新兴城市，并演绎为自然发展型和规划建设型两种典型的现代大学城模式。国内大学城的建设较之国外虽晚了近约四十年，但在20世纪90年代中叶以后发展势头日炽。大学城的诞生，既改变了城市的产业结构，提升了城市的化品位，强化了城市的教育功能，同时也促进了大学自身的发展，并构成了独具特质的新的城市发展走廓。     

"博洛尼亚进程"下德国职业学校教师大学阶段培养体系的变化——以柏林工业大学为例

在德国签署"博洛尼亚宣言"后,德国高等学校进行了教育体系的改革,高等教育实行学士和硕士制度,取代了传统的Magister(文科硕士学位)、Diplom(理工科硕士学位)和Staatsexam(国家考试)制度,职业学校教师培养也相应产生了一系列变化.本文以柏林工业大学职业教育和劳动技能系在培养职业学校教师的变化为例,阐释博洛尼亚宣言后德国职业学校教师培养的变化.     

论大学城的开放性

大学城的兴起改变了我国长期以来单一的“集中型”的高等教育办学模式。为我国创建新型的大学或试验新的大学运作方式提供了较为宽松的环境。提出开放性是大学城的基本特征之一。建设开放型大学城是当前摆在我们面前的主要任务。在对开放型大学城的主要特征作了简要论述基础上,对建设开放型大学城提出了几点建议。     

国际大学城概览

什么是大学城?可能多数人都不太清楚,只是会不由自主地联想到牛津、剑桥之类的历史悠久、文化浓郁、规模庞大的欧美著名高等学府和它们所处的古老而美丽的小城。所谓的大学城,实际是大学就是城市,城市就是大学。从中世纪大学的诞生开始,大学已经历了近800年的历史,在发展过程中,大学的功能也不断变化,从最早的教师行会培养少量牧师传授经典知识,发展到后来集教学、科研和直接为社会服务的中     

Erziehungswissenschaft im Spiegel ihrer Studieng?nge

What happens to study programs for a major in education science in the wake of the Bologna reform? What are the consequences of the transition to Bachelor and Master degree programs for the institutional organization of the discipline in the form of its study programs and thus for the position of the discipline in the university system? This contribution investigates both the structural characteristics and the subject-related orientation of these new training models on the basis of a survey of the current study programs offered in education science major programs. The technical terms used and the module manuals are compared with the ??Core Curriculum Education Science?? proposed by the German Society for Education Studies (DGfE). Despite the limited validity of this investigation, it is clear that the clash of political reorganization of higher education processes with an identity-seeking discipline has drastic consequences for the institutional organization of education science. This is reflected in an increased differentiation of the major study programs within education science, which can affect both the position of the discipline in the academic system as well as the disciplinary self-reproduction.     

Contextualising change through a common strategy: Lecturers’ perceptions and key role in supporting academic reform

European universities are currently going through a process of change in order to meet the common goals set for higher education by the European Commission. They are revising their educational models to adjust them to the guidelines of the “Bologna Process” and are devising an institutional strategy for its implementation. In practical terms, this means aligning former national degrees and diplomas to standard European Bachelor and Masters degrees and PhD doctorates, by creating acknowledged professional qualification benchmarks that also include adjusted course lengths and contents. This process, in the end, mostly affects academic staff members who have a fundamental role to play in carrying out the pedagogical reforms on the teaching front. Besides presenting a commentary on the institutional approach of one particular technical university in Spain, the purpose of this paper is to propose, from the authors’ point of view as lecturers, a strategy which has the potential to create a favourable atmosphere for carrying out such a reform. The article’s main objective is to highlight a series of action points which may serve to reinforce and advance the main institutional strategy by relying on the powerful influence of its academic staff members.     

From Voluntary Participation to Monitored Coordination: why European countries feel increasingly bound by their commitment to the Bologna Process

Beginning in the year 2000, higher education policies all over Europe were transformed by the launching and evolution of the Bologna Process, otherwise known as the process of creating a European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Initially, this process was flexible and informal, which makes the rapidity and scope of the changes it brought about surprising: why did European governments commit themselves to achieving the Bologna Objectives, and why so quickly, when there was no legal obligation to do so? I will argue the following: to understand the development of such a sense of obligation, we must take into account the special interests at stake when Bologna objectives are implemented at a national level. We must also consider the legitimacy lent to the process by the Bologna ideals of a knowledge-based economy and society. These elements are present in other studies on this topic. However, and this is rarely considered, we also have to take into account the specific dynamics of the process of creating an institutional coordination and monitoring mechanism. This mechanism has a formal institutional structure and tools for evaluation and monitoring. Our analysis of the way in which it was developed and formalised enriches previous research on the topic and also sheds light on how a flexible European process of voluntary participation became a monitored system of coordinated national higher education policies.     

Academic Understandings of and Responses to Bologna: a three-country perspective

This article aims to describe how academics in England, Denmark and Portugal understand the Bologna Process, their attitudes towards the initiative, and how understandings and attitudes determine action. It shows how contextually and culturally determined academic understandings, expectations, preferences, priorities and constraints are key influences in the process of educational change envisaged by the Bologna Process. Second, inspired by the implementation staircase metaphor which illustrates different actors' perceptions conditioned by their location on the path of the policy, the article presents three different examples of interplay between national authorities responsible for policy-making in the wake of the Bologna Process and the institutional field responsible for policy implementation. It reveals variations from country to country with regard to bottom-up and top-down initiatives, both at the level of actors' expectations and of actual measures to implement Bologna policy. This article comes in response to the frailty of an empirical base for the understanding of Bologna from an institutional and academic perspective. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://youtu.be/9YVouJ35XuE     

大学管理权中的学生权力

权力的获得是任何个人、群体或组织参与、实施有效管理的必要保障条件。就大学内部而言,以中世纪南欧的学生权力模式大学——博洛尼亚大学为起点,到20世纪中后期世界范围的学生权力运动,学生权力主要是围绕着"学生参与大学管理"这个主题被广泛争论和得以彰显的。在大学各种权力的斗争中,中世纪的学生权力最终走向了失败,即使20世纪轰轰烈烈的学生权力运动也没有能够重现昔日博洛尼亚大学学生权力的辉煌。但其结果使人们认识到,学生应该有权力参与大学管理,只是对于其参与权力的大小、参与的范围及程度还仍然处于争论之中。     

现代大学制度的制度理性

现代大学制度是现代大学组织得以存在的基础,离开了现代大学制度,大学将不复存在。然而现代大学制度的构建需要考量其制度理性。现代大学制度的制度理性体现在它的价值理性和工具理性两个方面。学术自由等大学精神体现在其价值理性上,大学的微观治理体现在其工具理性上,二者在现代大学制度的构建过程中融为一体。大学制度的价值理性和工具理性的结合,保证了现代大学组织从一种良制走向善治。     

The External Dimension of the Bologna Process: Higher Education in South East Europe and the European Higher Education Area in a Global World Reforming the Universities of South East Europe in|sq| View of the Bologna Process

Although the Bologna Process expresses the conviction that the higher education systems of the countries signatory to the Bologna Declaration (1999) should become increasingly comparable and compatible, it leaves higher education as a national responsibility and protects and encourages cultural and educational diversity. Given this statement of principle, the author discusses the special problems involved in adapting the higher education systems of South East Europe to the Bologna Process, citing his own country, Slovenia, as an example. He examines the issues of diversity versus integration, the modernization of curricula, the development of a proper balance between institutional autonomy and the national co-ordination of higher edu cation, the links between university and non-university higher education, and the preparation, in higher education institutions, of teachers for primary and secondary school education.     

政府组织内的制度变迁--对宁波市行政审批制度改革案例的解释

在我国计划经济体制向市场经济过渡的改革背景下 ,行政审批制度改革体现的其实是一个政府组织内的制度变迁过程。在政府组织内的决策团体主导的渐进改革中 ,政府组织内的制度变迁表现为决策团体与执行团体基于自身目标函数最大化之上的权力博弈。在这个理论视角下 ,本文解释了宁波市行政审批制度改革的案例 ,并在此基础上得出了若干结论和政策性建言。     

博洛尼亚进程中俄罗斯学位制度改革的两难境地

博洛尼亚进程中,建立清晰、易读、可比的学位制度是欧洲国家的重要目标。俄罗斯曾因其独特的学位制度在世界高等教育领域独树一帜。随着2003年加入博洛尼亚进程,俄罗斯学位制度改革面临着巨大的压力,一方面要按照博洛尼亚的要求建立三级学位制度,另一方面又有来自国内决策、社会、高校等多方面的压力,使得俄罗斯的整个学位制度改革步履维艰。     

Perception of Faculty of the Bologna Process at a Spanish Technical University: A Perspective of Change and Improvement

The Bologna Process affects the academic community, particularly faculty members who have to implement the process. This study is an initiative by a group of lecturers to evaluate the perception of faculty members in the implementation of the Bologna Process. The aim was to assess the evolution of their opinion on the process since a 2011 survey, and their degree of agreement with the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The results show that faculty members call for more adequate training for the new EHEA process and more institutional support. The study reveals the need for greater involvement and collaboration among faculty members to improve the reform process.