基于信息熵和模糊物元模型的城乡结合部农地质量评价

城乡结合部是城市与农村相互结合的特殊经济地理单元,是城市快速扩张的重点区域。目前城乡结合部范围不明确,确定方法以定性为主,土地评价偏重土壤质量。针对此点,文章以信息熵理论为基础,通过遥感解译TM影像获取研究区土地利用类型图后,构建土地利用信息熵模型,计算500m×500m网格单元的熵值后借助突变点检测法确定城乡结合部内外边界,内外突变点位熵值为30;然后确定农地质量评价指标体系,通过叠置法和多边形法相结合来获取评价单元及其属性数据,借助地理信息系统（GIS）和模糊物元贴近度聚类分析模型计算评价单元贴近度,划分研究区农地质量等级,并采用野外调查和相关系数法检验结果。结果表明：研究区农地质量中等偏上,以二级, 三级为主,占评价总面积的73.35％;尽管受多因素及RS栅格数据特点的影响,城乡结合部带有锯齿状和犬牙交错,但本研究结合了行政界线完整性的原则,划分方法科学、适用,其结果为荆州市确定城市扩展方向、合理利用城乡结合部土地资源提供了重要参考依据,同时也能够为类似地区城市扩展方向的确定提供一种较好的思路。     

省级农村居民点整治潜力测算研究——以广西为例

农村居民点整治是新一轮土地整治专项规划的重点内容之一,而如何更合理地测算省级农村居民点整治潜力往往被现有研究所忽视。本文采取抽样及不同整治模式不同潜力测算方法的研究思路,设计了省级农村居民点整治潜力测算的流程及方法:根据地形及经济条件,划分不同的整治类型区,并选取样点县(市、区);构建农村居民点综合影响力评价指标体系,以确定居民点整治类型;针对农村居民点不同整治类型,分别构建其潜力测算方法,并利用GIS空间分析功能对土地闲置率法进行改进;利用测算出的样点县(市、区)的出地率均值,外推测算同类型区其他县(市、区)的潜力。并以广西为例,进行实证研究。预计到2020年,广西全区通过农村居民点整治可释放潜力68 102.807hm2,小于人均建设用地法测算的潜力值,同时又大于土地闲置率法测算出的潜力值。表明,本文所设计的流程及方法在测算省级农村居民点整治潜力方面具有可行性及合理性。     

基于Voronoi图的农村居民点空间分布特征及其整理潜力评价——以福建省德化县为例

通过Arc GIS空间分析技术和Voronoi图Cv值相结合的方法,研究福建省德化县农村居民点的空间分布特征。在此基础上,采用人均建设用地标准法测算德化县农村居民点整理后可能增加耕地的理论潜力,并从自然适宜性、生态安全性、经济可行性和社会可接受性4个方面,选取10项评价因子,构建德化县农村居民点整理潜力综合修正指标体系及模型,对其修正。最后采用自然断裂法将现实潜力划分为潜力优势区、潜力内敛区和潜力限制区,分析各区整理潜力的限制因素。结果表明:1德化县农村居民点Voronoi图的Cv值为160%,空间分布类型属于集群型。从乡镇尺度上看,国宝乡和汤头乡农村居民点空间分布类型属于随机型,其他乡镇均为集群型;2德化县各乡镇自然适宜性修正系数为0.030 7~0.130 9,生态安全性修正系数为0.018 8~0.106 6,经济可行性修正系数为0.017 0~0.205 2,社会可接受性修正系数为0.006 5~0.364 8,综合修正系数为0.255 4~0.604 0;3德化县农村居民点整理现实潜力为742.60hm2,占理论潜力值的49.95%,说明其整理过程中受各项限制性因素制约潜力释放能力较小;4从空间分布看,潜力优势区主要分布在德化县中部的盆地地区,潜力内敛区主要分布在离县城较近的德化县南部和西南部,潜力限制区主要分布在德化县北部山区乡镇和县城所在地浔中镇与龙浔镇。     

浅谈矿区土地工程复垦技术

矿产资源的开采,造成了大量土地资源的破坏和侵占.为了缓解矿产开采与土地资源合理利用的矛盾,减少对生态环境的污染,对其进行土地复垦已经成为我国急需解决的问题.本文简要介绍了国内外对矿区废弃地的研究现状,探讨了土地复垦的技术,指出了土地复垦中存在的问题.结果表明:土地复垦对于废弃地的修复效果显著.     

黑龙江省西南部耕地整理潜力分析

以黑龙江省西南部为研究区域,对耕地整理潜力进行分析。采用典型调查与统计分析方法,确定研究区的线状地物系数和可整理出有效耕地面积的零星地类系数,对整理潜力结果进行分级及划分耕地整理潜力区．结果表明,研究区耕地整理潜力14．07万公顷,占整理区面积的2．12％,以零星地类整理为主;同时将研究区划分为3个潜力区。     

基于模糊聚类法的管网测压点优化布置

通过对A区管网基础数据收集和整理,建立某市A区供水管网水力模型。对其进行修正和校核,使其与实际管网相符。在现有测压点基础上,选择适合正常供水调度的模糊聚类法用以对测压点位置的确定,最终增加7个监测点对管网压力进行监测。     

土地利用现状分析及整理复垦开发潜力——以哈尔滨市为例

土地整理、复垦和开发是人类在土地利用中不断建设土地和重新配置土地的过程,是土地管理的重要内容,是实施土地利用总体规划的重要手段。当前,加强土地整理、复垦和开发是实现耕地总量动态平衡战略目标的重要举措。特别是土地整理,是从全面、科学的土地管理要求出发,通过综合整理,对各类零星废弃地和利用率低的土地集约利用。我市依靠土地整理、复垦和开发,可利用土地面积尤其是耕地面积还有一定的潜力。     

鸡西矿区矸石山、工矿废弃地植被恢复及绿化的研究

研究矸石山、工矿废弃地的植被及环境恢复是近几年各界关注的焦点,投入精力和经费改变矿区环境面貌是利国利民之举。     

辽东地区土地复垦方案的土地复垦适宜性评价研究——以辽宁省宽甸满族自治县大西岔镇北江村硼矿土地复垦方案为例

土地复垦方案的土地复垦适宜性评价方法研究,主要有定性法和定量法两大类。作者根据《中国1：100万土地资源图》的土地资源评价体系,结合辽东地区实际情况,总结出适合辽东地区土地复垦方案土地复垦适宜性评价的极限条件法,为土地复垦方案确定复垦方向提供了有效的途径,对辽东地区土地复垦适应性评价具有很强的参考价值。     

基于空间聚类分层抽样的黄骅市县域耕地质量等别监测样点布设

耕地质量监测是当前国家及时掌握耕地质量和产能变化的重要工作手段。合理布设耕地质量监测样点可以大幅提高耕地质量监测的效率。以河北省黄骅市县域耕地为研究对象,以耕地的质量属性和空间位置属性为耕地质量等别监测区的划定依据,采用空间聚类法生成20种备选监测区方案,通过综合比较方差、抽样误差、抽样效率和抽样弹性系数,选出初始监测区方案,并在此基础上局部优化,最终生成耕地质量等别监测区方案,最后以耕地质量等别监测区为分层依据,运用分层抽样法布设了耕地质量等别监测样点。研究表明：①在抽样误差为1%的要求下,分区数为65的备选耕地质量等别监测区方案的综合样本容量为77,抽样效率相对较高,被选定为初始监测区方案;②随着耕地质量等别监测区数目从5增加到100,相同监测区内耕地单元之间在空间位置和耕地质量等别上的差异程度由快速减少到趋于平稳;③在布设相同数量的监测样点时,本文提出的基于空间聚类分层抽样的样点布设方法在表土质地、剖面构型、盐渍化、有机质含量、排水条件、灌溉条件和国家耕地质量自然等指数等因素方面的抽样误差分别为0.37、1.02、1.39、0.91、0.31、1.53和1.27,均明显低于传统的等别分层抽样、简单随机抽样、网格分层抽样,具有较高的抽样效率。研究成果可为耕地质量等别监测样点布设相关工作和研究提供有效指导。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.