《红楼梦》前80回“和”类连词用法分布计量考察

《红楼梦》前80回"和"类连词有"和、并、与、及、以及、同、连"等七个。这些并列连词在分布和用法上存在着明显差异:"和、并、与"使用频率很高,尤其是"和"、"并",竟占总用量的66%强,而"及、以及、同、连"则使用频率较低。除了"并"的用法比较复杂外,其他并列连词的用法均显得比较单一。这些并列连词还可以连用,有的甚至可以组合在一起使用。     

不表示并列关系的and

and是英语中使用频率较高的一个词,最常见的用法是作连词连接两个并列的部分,表示平行或对称的关系,其基本词义是“和”“同”“与”等。但根据and前后不同的搭配关系,它还有几种不表示并列关系甑特殊用法。     

When的用法

when作并列连词和从属连词,使用频率很高,用处也相当广泛。现将when的用法归纳如下,供同学们复习备考。一、when作并列连词构成并列句,意为and at that time“正在那时”,and just then“那时”或and then“突然”等意思。when前可以用逗号,也可以省略。同时,when可与suddenly连用以加强语气。     

多功能连词 and

and 是个并列连词,用来连接并列的单词、短语和句子,表示“和、同、与”,但是在实际运用中,and 的意义和用法远远不止这些。因此有的语法学家称 and 为“万能连词”,并非言过其实。本文拟就and 的多功能用法,结合中学英语教学作一归纳,供教学参考。     

汉译佛经中并列连词“及”简述

在汉译佛经中,并列连词“及”发展出新的用法,扩大了自己的使用范围,出现了一些和中土文献不同的用法：1、由于仍然保持了其固有的陈述性表述功能,所以“及”所连接的动宾短语常用作句子谓语;2、并列连词“及”可以连接两个或几个在结构形式和语义上都存在一定相似性的句子;3、在话语行为中,还有相当数量的“及”连接对话双方以及连接在话语地位上同处于说话者或听话者一方的两项的用例.而这些用法,都是中土文献中未见或少见的.     

谈并列连词“和”的用法及其新发展

本文论述并列连词“和”的几种用法，并探讨近年来新发展，即连接三 项并列万分时，其中一、二两项与二、三两项间，可以同时使用两个“和”。     

instead of的用法及有关问题

insteadof是一个使用频率非常高的习语词组,汉语常可译为“而不”、“代替”等类似的意思,在实际运用中有些问题值得探讨。本文拟对于该习语词组的用法及有关问题作一个大概的介绍。一、用法英语insteadof可以作短语介词,也可以(通常在非正式语体中)充当“边际并列连词”。1.短     

浅议多功能连词and

and是个并列连词,用来连接并列的单词、短语或句子,意为“和,同,与”,但是在实际使用中,and的意义和用法远远不止这些。因此,有的语法学家称and为“万能连词”。本文拟就其用法作一归纳,供大家参考。 1.表示条件 and连接两个分句,第一个分句通常是祈使句,表示条件,第二个分句表示结果。从形式上看,这样的句子是并列句,但在意义上,它相当于一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句。此时,and相当于if。例如:     

多项并列词语之间顿号、逗号与连词“和”的错杂运用

现代汉语中的多项并列词语,是由语法地位平等、结构基本相同的三个或三个以上部分组成的。多项并列词语之间通常用顿号隔开,也可以用顿号和连词“和”连接;但有时需要错杂使用顿号、逗号与连词“和”。本文拟对这方面的用法作一些探讨。     

《金瓶梅词话》中“和”类虚词用法差异计量考察

《金瓶梅词话》中使用的“和”类虚词成员有“与、和、并、同、连、共、及、将、跟”等9个，它们在语法意义及分布上各具特征：在使用频率上，“与、和、并、同、连”为最常用的5个，而“将、跟”则极为罕见；在分工上，“并”主要用作连词，“同、连”多用作介词，“将”只作介词，而“及”只作连词；在主要用法上，用于引导出动作行为的偕同者的主要用“和、与、同”，引导出动作行为的受益者的主要用“与”，引导出动作行为所涉及的对象的主要用“和”同“与”，引导出比较的对象的主要用“和、与”，表示强调的只能用“与”和“连”，介绍出动作行为涉及的另一（些）对象的主要用“连”。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.