试论科技报告配置模式

科技报告配置是有效利用科技报告的关键。文章从时间、空间及类型等方面,对科技报告配置的内容和 目标进行论述,进而得出科技报告资源配置的模型构建原则和优化条件等。在此基础上,构建包含用户、服务、资 源、支撑环境等多层次的科技报告合理化配置模型,并根据我国开展科技报告工作的实际情况,对模型的各个层次进 行了说明。     

An Interdepartmental Allocation Formula for the Maximization of Use of Library Materials

A recent contribution by T. J. Pierce proposed that a rational objective for a library is the maximization of use of library materials. The formula proposed by Pierce, however, is not a solution to the use-maximization problem. This note specifies the use-maximization problem in terms of concepts employed by W. E. McGrath and T. J. Pierce in their work on allocation. The problem is then solved to produce the allocation formula that maximizes use of materials. Finally, the feasibility of applying the formula is briefly discussed.     

Allocation formulas in practice

The literature has, over the years, been represented by a number of contributions dealing with allocation formulas in academic libraries. Previous studies have shown that a majority of libraries made use of formulas. The present study focuses on the proportion of libraries using formulas for resource allocation now, characteristics of the institutions with which those libraries are affiliated, and the composition of the formulas. Relatively few variables are widely used, but the weightings and relationships among variables differ considerably from formula to formula. Examples of some formulas currently in use are presented.     

PBA: Percentage Based Allocation for acquisitions: A simplified method for the allocation of the library materials budget

A simplified approach to the allocation of the library materials budget is proposed that is based on the formula allocations to universities by their fiscal governing bodies. Theoretically, this approach reflects most of the elements of previously proposed formulas, although in an indirect way. The validity of this method is discussed in the context of certain assumptions, along with its advantages and disadvantages. This method would be most applicable where audiovisual materials and books are combined in one budget, such as in a community college or learning resource center.     

The acquisitions allocation formula at Ohio University

The allocations formula at Ohio University has guided the allocation of increased acquisitions funding to academic disciplines since 1979. It is derived from a 50-50 division between supply (the cost of materials within a particular academic area) and demand (circulation, interlibrary loan borrowing, student enrollments, and faculty). The use and rationale for a formula are generally described, accompanied by a history of the development and revision of such a formula at one institution. Highlighting intra-institutional politics, the formula has channeled faculty dissatisfactions away from complaints about the funding level for one discipline vis-à-vis another to a concern for increasing the overall acquisitions budget.     

Materials budget allocation: A formula fitness review

This paper describes a formula fitness review project at a top college library. It was discovered that the collection policy was very outdated and the allocation formula was no longer a good fit. Calculations had become arbitrary expressions of years of ad hoc annual adjustments. Although the formula was supposed to support multiobjective allocation decisions, this was not actually happening in an unambiguous fashion. Formula decomposition, formula simplification and multiattribute utility theory suggest that a change from the traditional allocation formulas–including abandoning aggregate topical allocations and FTE—despite the popularity of these variables–is probably in order.     

Allocating Academic Library Budgets: Adapting Historical Data Models at One University Library

Many academic libraries have traditionally used complicated budget allocation models to inform funding for materials purchased in support of curriculum. When these formulas are applied, librarians usually temper the results with historical spending patterns. A small university library found that historical spending patterns can be used for budget allocation, yielding allocations similar to those derived from a complex formula. As part of the collection evaluation procedure described, the effectiveness of historical data allocations should be assessed annually by checking use of ordered materials. The effectiveness of allocations also can be supported by the use of proportional use statistics for departmental subject areas. The procedures and practices described in this article would be useful for university/college libraries of similar size to the Stetson University library, the library described in the article.     

Adapting to Scarcity: Developing an Integrated Allocation Formula

Rising costs for library materials and shrinking budgets make it more necessary than ever for academic libraries to target their scarce resources to meet the specific needs of academic programs. The authors surveyed other institutions to determine current practices in the allocation of library materials funds in different formats. The results of our survey were inconclusive, which led us to combine monographs and continuations in a single allocation formula. By crafting an allocation formula for both monographs and continuations in print and electronic format, the Cunningham Memorial Library at Indiana State University hopes to satisfy the growing demand for information services.     

The relationship between loans and in-house use of books in determining a use-factor for budget allocation

During 1984–1985, a study was conducted at the Western Australian Institute of Technology Library (WAIT) to examine the relationship between loans and the in-house use of books. The methodology used was based on a study of in-house use reported by McGrath in 1971, and the results of this study corroborate his finding that circulation totals can be a reliable indicator of the subjects of books being used within as well as out of the library. As a result of this study, circulation totals have been accepted as the base for calculating a use-factor in the library's budget allocation formula for acquisition funds.     

基于CAS的信息资源配置自组织研究

信息资源配置是一项复杂的社会系统工程,由配置的主体、客体、配置过程和配置机制等构成.文章利用CAS理论对信息资源配置进行了探索,在分析信息资源配置复杂适应系统的特征和组成要素的基础上,探讨了信息资源配置复杂适应系统的自组织演化.     

Finding the right balance: campus involvement in the collections allocation process

Many libraries have sought the best approach to allocating the collections budget. “History plus increment” is the standard for many libraries in the allocation of any new dollars to collections budgets. Other libraries have identified factors that help make the process of disbursing new money more objective including counts of faculty and students, literature size and costs, and program changes on campus.The Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is striving toward a more open and understandable allocation process that uses an allocation formula, professional judgment of its librarians, and input from campus faculty and administration. Through this process, we work to achieve balance between formula and professional judgment, between decisions made outside the Library and within the Library, between competing disciplines and old and emerging fields for budget dollars.     

A cost-sharing formula for online circulation and a union catalog through a regional, multitype library cooperative

The experience of the Capitol Region Library Council and the University of Connecticut Health Center in developing a cost allocation formula for a circulation and online catalog shared by twenty-nine libraries is reviewed. The resulting formula identifies a basic unit cost as a minimum for each system participant.     

书库调整之解决方案--以重庆师范大学图书馆为例

书库的新建工作一般包括组织书源、图书排序、架位分配、图书上架、整理等,而架位分配始终是整个工作的重点和难点。重庆师范大学图书馆在新建书库的各个环节都有一些新的举措,特别是在架位分配方面,以小类为单位统计相关数据,通过公式计算出各类图书的架位需求数,并据此分配架位数量,使其更趋合理、科学。     

科技资源管理绩效评估指标体系研究

科技资源管理绩效评估指标的制定是为了掌握科技资源活动状况,对科技资源管理的效果、效率以及适应 性进行评估,以便最大限度发挥科技资源的价值。文章从科技装备资源管理绩效、科技信息资源管理绩效、科技组织资 源管理绩效以及科技中介资源管理绩效等要素出发,构建科技资源管理绩效评估指标体系,并确定各级指标权重,以期 通过评估指标的计算,得出评估结果来优化科技资源配置,达到科技资源科学规划、有效开发和高效利用的目标。     

科技型图书利用率公式推导与实际应用

通过对传统图书利用公式的分析,推导出适合科技型图书的利用率公式.从本馆实际出发,根据公式进行实际统计,总结出馆藏图书与半衰期、新书峰值年的关系,最后运用公式绘制出本馆馆藏图书的利用率曲线图并进行了全面评价.     

Allocating by Formula

This paper describes the formula for fund distribution used at Western Illinois University. The primary intentions are to explain why the formula approach was adopted at Western, how it is set up, and how the decision to allocate by formula affects collection development. A large portion of the information is taken from the final report of an ad hoc committee established to review the Library's materials budget and recommend changes to existing policies. The guidelines set forth in the committee report form the basis of the allocation system as it is presently constituted.     

Fund allocation formula analysis: Determining elements for best practices in libraries

The purpose of this study was to determine whether common elements in fund allocation formulas could be used to articulate “best practices” for fund allocations in academic libraries. Methodology involved a meta-analysis of published articles and Internet sites in which 75 fund allocation formulas were presented. Of the 75 formulas, 28 usable examples were analyzed to determine if there were any statistically significant elements within these formulas that could be identified, as well as to determine the degree of correlation for each component identified in the usable set. Findings are presented in this article, as well as implications for further research.     

The health sciences librarian's exposure to malpractice liability because of negligent provision of information

This article discusses personal and organizational liability for the negligent provision of information by health science librarians providing information regarding patient diagnosis and treatment. It notes claims in the library literature that liability exists for providing faulty information, but these claims do not state or explain the legal basis for such liability. It identifies three basic information retrieval and communication services provided by reference librarians and characterizes the negligent provision of information as a failure to exercise care in one or more of the three. With regard to personal liability, it identifies the relevant law, the tort of negligent misrepresentation involving risk of physical harm, and outlines the elements that a plaintiff would have to establish to sue successfully. With regard to organizational liability, it notes that a plaintiff would use one of two common law theories: either the vicarious liability doctrine of respondeat superior or the direct liability negligent hire theory of recovery.     

Michigan Shared Print Initiative and GreenGlass for Groups for Data Analysis in Developing a Collaborative Collective Collection

The Michigan Shared Print Initiative, involving 11 Michigan public university libraries, has partnered with Sustainable Collection Services in using Sustainable Collection Services' new collection analysis and data decision support tool, GreenGlass for Groups. This tool effectively analyzes the group of libraries' individual and collective holdings, sharing mechanisms, and retention needs. This article outlines the establishment of the Michigan Shared Print Initiative, the creation of its collaborative print monograph collection, the use and benefits of GreenGlass for Groups, which is being used for the required collection data analysis for the venture, and the general elements that have contributed to the project's success.