A Global Investigation of Granger Causality between Information Infrastructure Investment and Service-Sector Growth

Over the past two decades, both developed and developing countries have been investing a significant portion of their resources in the creation of an information infrastructure. However, speculation abounds regarding the efficacy of information infrastructure investments, especially when the opportunity cost for investing in information technology (IT) is measurably high among developing nations. This longitudinal study introduces and explores infrastructure development and service-sector growth as key metrics for IT investment success. It also traces the notional evidence of IT infrastructure development as mediating the causal relationship between information infrastructure investments and service-sector growth. Using data from low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries, the mediating and lagged impact of information infrastructure on service-sector growth reveals that information infrastructure development does play a significant role as a mediator. It points out that information infrastructure investments can be a misleading causal antecedent if countries fail to develop their infrastructure. It also provides evidence of a recursive relationship between infrastructure development and service-sector growth. An exploratory time-series analysis across different country categories suggests that information infrastructures must be properly developed to reconcile the paradox. In addition, exploratory tests reveal a distinct divergence between infrastructure investments and infrastructure development among different country tiers.     

A comparative study of the application of IT in China and the West: Culture and the stages of growth model

A comparison is made between the application of computers and other information technology (IT) in China and the West. Computers started being applied much later in developing countries. China, the largest developing country, geographically, in the world has a wish to catch up with the advanced countries and to build its own information technology infrastructure. Much of the technology, theory, and application methods have been introduced into China from the West and other countries over the past 15 years. There is a problem in that a large proportion of the technology and methods cannot simply be transferred between the West and China. On the one hand Chinese people become suspicious of the results of introducing IT from the West, and on the other hand China is a mysterious country for many western people. What has happened when IT has been introduced to China? Will there be a similar growth pattern for China as in the West? This paper compares the environment in terms of culture and the stages of growth model in an attempt to answer those questions, and improve understanding.     

传统企业电子商务与信息化管理

电子商务与信息化是紧密联系的。信息化不是信息基础设施的堆砌 ,而是带有人的因素 ,不仅涉及信息化技术 ,而且涉及信息化管理。发达国家是自然进入 ,发展中国家是被动选择。发展中国家信息化与发达国家相比有很大差距 ,学会和加强传统企业信息化管理是发展中国家发展电子商务的当务之急。我国是发展中国家 ,以加强传统企业信息化管理推进我国电子商务发展是我们变被动为主动的有效途径     

1994-2014年中国交通基础设施投资对能源消耗的影响研究

本文基于1994-2014年省际面板数据模型,利用交通基础设施投资规模并在考虑滞后一期的基础上,分别对全国及东中西部各类交通投资与能源消耗之间的关系进行研究,结果表明：①全国层面,铁路、公路、航空、水运投资均与能源消耗之间关系呈倒“U”型形态,但需警惕航空、水运投资与能耗之间“N”型形态;②区域层面,交通投资与能源消耗存在倒“U”型形态（西部水运投资整体不显著）;铁路、公路投资拐点与经济发展关联性大,经济越发达地区投资拐点值小,反之则大,航空、水运投资拐点与经济发展关联性小;③进一步分析发现,铁路、公路投资对降低能源消耗作用最大,高铁和高速公路网建设有利于区域间产业转移和经济结构调整,促进低能耗产业发展（如旅游等）。通过全国和区域数据验证,继续加大交通基础设施投资有利于降低能源消耗,有助于“三去一降一补”目标的实现和“一带一路”战略的实施。     

Human capital, R&D, trade, and long-run productivity. Testing the technological absorption hypothesis for the Portuguese economy, 1960-2001

An important characteristic of the role of foreign trade in the technological catch-up of countries is the complementary nature with technological change, human capital development and local R&D efforts. Using cointegration techniques, evidence based on Portuguese long-run growth suggests that by investing in certain capacity-building activities, namely human capital and local R&D efforts, countries can improve their ability to identify, value, assimilate, and apply (or exploit) knowledge that is developed in other (more developed) countries. Although human capital has a stronger direct impact on total factor productivity than internal R&D efforts, the latter's indirect impact, by means of machinery and equipment imports, is tremendous. Trade also emerges as a powerful direct contributor to long-term total factor productivity, especially in its embodied form, through the acquisition of advanced machinery and equipment from more developed countries. The (smaller) productivity enhancing effect of licenses and FDI seems to be strongly dependent on institutional circumstances, namely those related to human capital investments and incentives.     

Competition makes IT better: Evidence on when firms use IT more effectively

We study how technology upgrading through investment in information and communication technologies (IT henceforth) influences firm performance in the context of a developing country. We rely on a novel firm-level data set covering a large sample of Mexican manufacturing companies with detailed information on IT. We show that the impact of IT investment is only positive for firms that were exposed to an exogenous competitive shock due to the increase in competition from China after its WTO accession. We argue that incentives provided by competition are key in leading firms to make more effective use of the new information technologies. We also find evidence that these results are driven by the complementarity between IT investments and organizational or process changes within firms, specifically under the incentives of heightened international competitive pressures.     

Asia's Leap into E-commerce: Analysis of Developments in Some Countries

The Internet is creating a global digital economy with new opportunities. Developing countries have to catch up with the developed world by establishing the required information infrastructure to overcome the dangers of isolation and polarisation. The growth path is through the development of IT industries and greater application of IT in society. These IT industries must be compatible with local conditions and conducive to industrialisation.     

供应链IT架构建设的影响因素分析

供应链的结构模式决定了其应有的IT架构,适当的IT架构能提升供应链的整体效用,两者之间存在着一定的匹配关系。本文通过对相关文献的分析,研究了影响供应链IT架构建设的主要因素。     

中国城市技术转移的空间溢出效应与经济增长

基于国家知识产权局专利检索及分析平台2001-2015年专利转移记录,本文对中国城市技术转移的空间集聚特征及其对城市经济增长的作用机制进行了研究。结果发现：（1）2001-2015年,中国技术转移在城市尺度上表现出显著的空间相关性和空间集聚性,在空间格局上呈现出由多极格局向一超多强格局演进,长三角是中国技术转移最为活跃和频繁的区域;（2）空间计量分析发现技术转移服务于城市经济增长的作用不断突显,2001-2015年,中国城市技术经济发展路径经历了由集聚经济向扩散经济转变的历程。     

美国基于关键基础设施的信息安全法规概述

美国在关键基础设施的信息安全相关领域的法规主要围绕关键基础设施界定、机构设置、责任落实、政企合作、信息共享机制等方面展开,相关政策规定既有变化性又有延续性。总体上,有宏观层面国家顶层法规政策,细节上,有微观层面的具体针对性法规,同时,还有对进口关键基础设施的信息安全保护。总结美国基于关键基础设施信息安全的法律法规特点,对我国关键基础设施的信息安全建设是很好的借鉴。     

技术进步推动下全球经济增长与自主碳减排效果研究

针对现有的IAM在技术进步机制上存在缺陷,本文CIECIA模型（Wang等,2016）中引入广义低碳技术概念,以研发投资驱动过程技术进步速度的方式实现了技术进步的内生化,对世界主要经济体未来的经济发展和碳排放进行预测,并模拟了研发投资率提高对经济和碳排放的影响。结果显示：基准情景下中国、印度等发展中国家由于经济快速发展仍然存在较大的碳排放需求,其中中国在2034年左右达到碳高峰,而已经完成工业化的欧美发达国家经济增长缓慢,其碳排放处于下降趋势。研发投资率的提高可以明显降低各国,尤其是发展中国家的碳排放,使其碳高峰大幅提前。当研发投资率提高到7%以上时大多数国家可实现其INDC目标,并将地表温度控制在2℃以内,而16%的研发投资率可实现2100年1.5℃温控目标。然而,由于各国的研发能力有限,短期内研发投资率很难大幅上升,因此单纯提高研发投资难以实现全球气候保护目标。从政策设计的角度出发,提高研发投资促进经济发展,适合与其他生产破坏型减排措施组成政策簇,补偿由其他减排措施带来的经济损失,提高减排政策的可行性。     

信息技术赋能创业:IT 能力对创业绩效的影响

大数据、人工智能等新一代信息技术正不断渗透和改变着创业行为和结果,为新创企业发展带来机遇与挑战。目前,企业的信息技术能力对创业活动的影响研究仍处于探索阶段。本文基于创业机会理论与资源依赖理论,考察IT能力对创业绩效的影响机制,探讨创业机会识别与开发的中介作用以及数字化业务强度的调节作用。实证分析发现：IT设施运用能力、IT业务跨越能力和IT前瞻性立场等三种IT能力均有助于提升创业绩效;创业机会识别与开发在3种IT能力与创业绩效间扮演中介角色;数字化业务强度在IT能力和创业机会识别与开发间发挥正向调节作用,并进一步调节创业机会识别与开发在3种IT能力与创业绩效间的中介作用,即：数字化业务强度越高,创业机会识别与开发的中介效应越显著。本研究丰富了信息技术赋能创业的研究内容,有助于推进信息技术在创业理论与实践中的运用。     

对基于产业集群的投入政策的思考

产业集群已成为我国区域发展重要的产业组织形式,特别是对中小企业的发展其有重要影响。通过基于产业集群的投入政策加强对产业集群的支持有助于国家调整产业结构、实现保增长促发展。本文探讨了基于产业集群的投入政策在国内外的现状,认为区域政策、产业政策的重点应转向基于产业集群的投入政策,重点是建立基于产业集群的多层次的财政和金融投入体系;完善集群产业基础设施,特别是集群类企业技术创新的公共平台和服务体系等。     

信息技术对中国TFP增长影响估算:1980～2003

本文参照国外相关研究对IT业的细类划分,首次采用双推法(dual method,又称price method),估算1980到2003期间,计算机硬件、软件业、通信业生产效率提高对中国TFP增长的贡献。估算结果证明,1980年以来,中国TFP增长得益于IT的生产与使用,并且随着近年来中国IT业的快速发展,IT对TFP增长的推动更为显著。但是IT对中国TFP增长的拉动明显不均衡:贡献集中在硬件部门,而软件业的贡献明显低于发达国家。     

IT基础、知识共享与组织创新——来自珠三角企业的经验证据

 以广东珠三角地区122家IT企业为研究对象,考察IT基础、知识共享与组织创新之间的关系,结果表明：组织内的知识共享,包括组织内非正式知识共享与正式的知识共享,均可以显著地促进技术创新,而组织内非正式知识共享与组织间的知识共享,则对管理创新有积极影响;IT基础对于组织间的知识共享以及组织内非正式知识共享有促进作用,但IT基础对于组织内正式的知识共享却没有显著影响;组织内知识共享,包括组织内非正式与正式的知识共享,在IT基础与技术创新之间起到了完全中介作用,而组织间的知识共享,包括组织间非正式与正式的知识共享,则在IT基础促进管理创新的过程中发挥了部分中介作用。     

跨国公司R&D投资:国家层面影响因素分析

研究了影响跨国公司R&D投资的国家层面因素,结果表明,一个国家创新能力的差异,包括国家技术创新能力、技术基础设施以及人力技能发展是吸引R&D投资的重要因素;不同的国家创新能力吸引外来R&D投资的战略动机不同;此外,知识产权保护强度、R&D投资的国际化经验是吸引外来R&D投资的关键因素。     

基于第三方公司运营的电信基础设施共建共享模式研究

自共建共享提出至今,我国电信产业基础设施的重复建设已经得以有效控制,但是,在该领域尚未形成一种规范的运作模式。基于第三方公司运营的电信基础设施共建共享模式,已经在世界许多发达国家和电信运营企业中取得了成功的应用,在对国外成功案例进行归纳和总结的基础上,指出该模式对电信产业发展的重要影响,并结合我国电信产业特殊的发展背景提出针对性的解决措施,以期推动我国共建共享工作的深入推进和电信产业的发展。     

新创企业成长能力的作用机制与动态演进——基于中国信息技术企业的多案例研究

基于信息技术的创业活动已成为推动中国经济创新发展的重要力量,但是信息技术创业企业在成长过程中面临较高的失败风险,培育和提升关键成长能力是解决新创企业成长脆弱性的一个重要路径。通过对4家信息技术企业的多案例分析,基于动态演化过程视角对新创企业成长能力的作用机制及其动态演进过程进行探索性分析。研究发现,创业能力、动态能力和创新能力是驱动新创企业成长的3种关键能力,他们相互关联、共同作用于企业发展的各个阶段,通过动态演进不断循环改善;同时还发现,企业创建期主要依靠创业能力驱动,存活期以动态能力为主,创新能力在成长期发挥关键作用。     

The role of the quality of shared information in interorganizational systems use

This study develops and tests a three-stage model that examines the role of the quality of shared information in interorganizational systems (IOS) use. The model provides a more inclusive method of measuring quality of shared information in IOS use through a re-examination of the impact of top management support and IT infrastructure capability, and by assessing the mediating effect of operational supply chain performance on the relationship between quality of shared information and overall firm performance. Our results suggest that the impact of the quality of shared information in IOS use on overall firm performance starts with top management support and IT infrastructure capability, and that these success factors positively impact the quality of shared information in IOS use. Moreover, our results indicate that the quality of shared information positively impacts operational supply chain performance, which, in turn, leads to improvements in overall firm performance. Overall, our results highlight the importance of high quality of shared information in IOS use.     

基于场所依赖的旅游目的地信息服务系统构建研究

目前我国电子政务发展中,旅游信息化和旅游目的地信息服务系统的发展仍滞后于信息技术的发展,尤其缺少以游客为出发点的信息服务系统研究。本文尝试从游客情感角度出发,运用场所依赖理论基本内容,通过对旅游目的地信息服务系统内容与场所依赖形成的关系分析,针对出行前、旅行中、旅行后3种旅行状态分别总结旅游目的地信息服务系统构建模式,以期丰富旅游规划的内容研究。