Communication network dynamics during organizational crisis

Communication network is a personal or professional set of relationships between individuals or organizations. In other words, it is a pattern of contacts which are created due to the flow of information among the participating actors. The flow of information establishes various types of relationships among the participating entities. These relationships eventually form an overall pattern that could form a gestalt of the total structure within organizational context. In this paper, we analyze the changing communications structure in order to investigate the patterns associated with the final stages of organizational crisis. Organizational crisis has been defined as organizational mortality, organizational death, organizational exit, bankruptcy, decline, retrenchment and failure to characterize various forms of organizational crisis. We draw on theoretical perspectives on organizational crisis proposed by social network analysts and other sociologists to test 5 key propositions on the changes in the network communication structure associated with organizational crisis: (1) a few actors, who are prominent or more active, will become central during the organizational crisis period; (2) reciprocity within the organizational communication network will increase during crisis period; (3) organizational communication network becomes less transitive as organizations experience crisis; (4) number of cliques increases in a communication network as organizations are going through crisis; and (5) communication network becomes increasingly centralized as organizations go through crisis.     

Structure of the social network of Beninese library and information professionals

This paper aims the Benin Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals’ access to individuals on the social network through the study of the structure and use of the network. Subscribers to the library association’s listserv participated in a web-based survey to identify the colleagues they could easily reach. The analysis uses social network techniques and Pajek, a social network analysis software, and focuses on centralities, prestige and sub-groups to identify the key actors required for effective information sharing within the network.The density of this is very low and suggests that intermediaries are important for the connectedness of subscribers (also referred to as actors); network centralisation is moderate and explains that some actors are central for communication among the subscribers. About 60% of the subscribers fall within one of two groups. In the first group, six subscribers are central to the network, because they are moderators of the listserv, members of the association board, or well-connected to other well-connected actors. The others fall within the isolates or had few connections.     

Structure of the social network of Beninese library and information professionals

This paper aims the Benin Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals’ access to individuals on the social network through the study of the structure and use of the network. Subscribers to the library association’s listserv participated in a web-based survey to identify the colleagues they could easily reach. The analysis uses social network techniques and Pajek, a social network analysis software, and focuses on centralities, prestige and sub-groups to identify the key actors required for effective information sharing within the network.

The density of this is very low and suggests that intermediaries are important for the connectedness of subscribers (also referred to as actors); network centralisation is moderate and explains that some actors are central for communication among the subscribers. About 60% of the subscribers fall within one of two groups. In the first group, six subscribers are central to the network, because they are moderators of the listserv, members of the association board, or well-connected to other well-connected actors. The others fall within the isolates or had few connections.     

我国智慧政府信息协同网络结构识别与分析

智慧政府是电子政务的下一代更迭,受到各国的广泛关注。智慧政府可以通过各部门间的信息协同提升城市运行管理的效率。当前对智慧政府信息协同的研究主要集中于研究智慧政府信息协同的机制,少有对智慧政府信息协同网络结构现状进行识别与分析的研究。本文采用命名实体识别的方法基于目标数据源(智慧政府相关政策文件)中识别出的中国智慧政府信息协同网络的节点(政府部门)数据及节点关系(各个政府部门间的信息协同关系)数据,得到中国智慧政府信息协同网络结构,并对这些数据进行可视化处理。在此基础上采用社会网络分析中的度中心性方法,把各个节点按其对整个网络影响力的强弱排序;采用k-plex分析方法,识别出对整个网络具有较强影响力的节点。研究结果显示,中国智慧政府信息协同网络共包含34个节点和355组节点关系。在节点中,国务院节点对整个网络的影响力最强,中国气象局节点对整个网络的影响力最弱。在节点关系中,国家发展和改革委员会节点与国务院节点间的节点关系对整个网络具有较强的影响力,像这样具有较强影响力的节点关系共28组。本研究得到的结果可用来指导今后中国智慧政府信息协同网络优化与发展的侧重方向。     

微博社区中非正式交流的实证研究——以“Myspace 9911微博”为例

以“Myspace9911”微博社区为实证分析对象,借鉴社会网络分析思想,通过核心-边缘分析、整体网络分析、中心性分析、子群分析,界定社区交流网络核心与边缘区域,发现网络权力节点,划分交流子群,探寻不同分析结果间的异同与联系。这些研究信息有助于把握微博社区中非正式交流的一般规律、增进用户交流与合作、促进网络信息资源的挖掘与利用。     

馆藏资源元数据的关联网络结构探析：面向FRBR解构的视角

通过对《书目记录的功能需求》（FRBR）概念模型体系结构中实体、属性及关系这3个基本要素的分析,探寻由FRBR模型抽取出的馆藏资源元数据关联网络的构成要素,并对符合FRBR的馆藏资源元数据知识节点与关联关系所构成的关联网络结构进行层次划分,形成以元数据记录属性为支撑的微观层面关联网络及以元数据记录之间或规范数据集之间关联关系作为支撑的宏观层面关联网络。而词汇集的建立、术语复用机制、数据集链接桥机制成为构建馆藏资源元数据关联网络的基本要素。馆藏资源元数据关联网络的建立对于揭示馆藏资源内部的知识结构、扩展知识检索的范围、推荐关联知识、辅助知识发现等均具有重要的价值。     

社会网络、引文网络和链接网络之比较

在图书情报学领域对文献信息资源和网络信息资源进行研究时,我们经常会遇到社会网络、引文网络和链接网络.它们有明显的区别又有紧密的联系.了解这三类网络的异同对于进行超链接网络分析、网络引文分析、链接分析等是很必要的.因此,我们从网络本身的结构特点及对三类网络进行测度的指标两个角度对社会网络、引文网络和链接网络进行比较.     

高校BBS讨论区内信息有序化研究及管理启示——以南京大学小百合网站为例

从信息管理的角度出发,选取南京大学小百合讨论区平台中的数据,探索高校BBS讨论区内信息规律。通过统计,发现讨论区信息宏观数量特征及活跃话题的长尾效应,利用社会网络分析法,发现讨论区内信息流分布规律、信息网络内的关键节点以及流通的主要节点。指出对不同性质讨论区信息产生及传播规律的归纳和对关键节点的发现是对BBS信息有序化的重要认识,同时,对控制和管理高校BBS的信息传播以及该平台的资源利用具有启发与指导作用。     

基于语义的社会网络关联路径评价及其应用

传统社会网络中节点和边是同质的,仅能包含社会组织的结构信息。将本体理论与社会网络分析理论相结合,使得网络的节点和边都具有特定的语义,这种网络称作语义社会网络。本文研究了运用本体描述语言OWL表示语义社会网络的方法;提出了语义社会网络中关联路径的概念和评价方法,并用于发现网络中的重要节点和重要的连接关系(包括隐含的间接关系)。对一个科研合作网络实例的研究,验证了语义社会网络表示方法的有效性。应用基于关联路径的方法对科研合作网络中的重要节点和重要隐含关系进行了分析,并对分析结果进行了评价,证明基于语义的方法可以有效地发现网络中的重要关系和重要节点。     

基于信息流的电子政务信息资源整合机制研究

电子政务信息资源整合就是通过信息资源的优化配置实现有规律有控制的信息流通,对电子政务信息资源整合的制约就是对信息流的制约。文章从信息流入手,对电子政务信息资源整合过程中的政府组织结构、信息流、权力流与信息流的关系进行了分析,探求其中的内在规律,并以此为支撑构建了电子政务信息资源整合机制。     

Directories,Universities, Medical Middleware,and the Real World

Recent developments in high-speed network initiatives have raised awareness of an increased potential for sharing information among institutions. At the core of current plans to take advantage of this potential is the use of standards-based directory servers as repositories of authentication and authorization data. Such repositories can be used to regulate and facilitate access to network resources between persons associated with institutions or with cooperating institutions. Included in these plans is provision for storing and using certificates to establish trust relationships between partners communicating over the network. When the environment is medical, other information such as credentials or access paths to patient data may also be stored in directories. The question has been raised whether, in emergencies, a mechanism for bypassing the more rigorous authentication and/or authorization requirements be provided to allow access to information essential to treating the emergency by individuals who would otherwise not be allowed such access. There is an increasing awareness of the fundamental conflict between a patient's right to privacy and the patient's right to receive medical treatment in a complete and efficient manner.     

我国档案学领域核心作者知识交流结构研究—— 以作者互引分析为视角

本文通过作者互引分析方法结合社会网络分析理论,探讨了1998—2017年我国档案学领域核心作者的知识交流结构,通过网络密度和距离分析测度了学科知识交流的频率和距离,通过网络中心性分析探讨了核心作者在学科知识交流中的影响力,通过核心—边缘结构分析,揭示了不同核心作者在学科知识交流中的地位与作用。研究表明我国档案学领域的学科知识交流不够充分,知识交流网络结构有待优化。     

基于图书借阅网络的各类书籍关系研究

[目的/意义] 挖掘图书馆借阅数据,从网络属性、节点重要性和社团模块来研究各学科书籍之间的关系,有助于指导图书资源管理、读者服务和学科建设工作。[方法/过程] 基于复杂网络的理论和方法对图书馆学生借阅数据进行分析,以各类目书籍为节点,构建图书共现网络。在此基础上,对加权网络的网络属性和节点重要性进行探讨,并通过随机游走算法划分书籍社团。[结果/结论] 研究揭示了书籍及学科间的内在联系,同时,也为加权网络的实证研究提供一定的经验材料。     

自媒体用户关系结构对健康信息扩散的影响及案例分析

[目的/意义]网络环境下自媒体健康信息的扩散对公众的健康意识和行为具有极大影响。用户关系是自媒体信息扩散的路径基础,从社会网络的视角探究用户关系结构对自媒体健康信息扩散的作用,有助于剥离信息流动路径,对于提升公众健康教育效率与健康舆情控制水平都具有重要意义。[方法/过程]对自媒体关系网络映射以及信息扩散机理进行理论剖析,案例分析部分收集了某城市公立和民营医院官方微博运行的情况及关系数据,利用Ucinet6,采用指标分析及可视化的方式,观测网络整体及局部结构特征。[结果/结论]案例网络密度小,结构松散,阻碍了健康信息的有效流动;活跃节点的存在提示了网络中舆情控制的风险。在健康信息的扩散中,建议考虑以用户关系改变为手段优化网络结构,进而干预信息流动。     

基于社会网络理论的用户参与的图书馆数字资源建设研究述评

社会网络理论对于用户参与的图书馆数字资源建设具有借鉴作用。文章总结了嵌入性、联结强度、网络密度、集中度、结构洞、中心性、社会资本、目标引导和偶得等社会网络概念及对用户参与图书馆数字资源建设的启示,对关系理论、结构理论、社会资本理论在用户参与图书馆数字资源建设中的应用进行了分析,提出社会网络理论应用中应注意运用中层理论的方法、加强实证研究、重视新型馆员的培养等问题。     

智慧政务局部近邻网络节点脆弱性研究——以深圳市政府在线为例

[目的/意义]通过掌握智慧政务网络中部门节点之间的关系，发现重要节点及数据互联规律，有助于解决跨部门信息协同这一智慧政务的核心难点问题。[方法/过程]在面向市民的政务业务流程视角下，政务材料的提供与接纳形成的信息流构成一种特殊的复杂网络——局部近邻网络。以"深圳政府在线"为实例，对深圳市政务局部近邻网络结构进行展开可视化分析，进行同配性计算与部门节点脆弱性度量，建立部门优先级和部门集群。[结果/结论]研究发现，深圳市智慧政务局部近邻网络具有同配性，相较于异配网络更加支持信息的流通，应着力关注节点脆弱性强的部门，优先与关联度高的部门进行数据库建设与共享，进而稳定政务网络，推动智慧政务协调发展。本文研究方法对于分析城市智慧政务网络结构及特征具有良好的适配性。     

层次视角下概念知识网络的三元关系形态研究

基于关键词共现的概念知识网络具有明显的层次结构,以节点k-core值为依据可将其划分出层次。引入三元闭包作为知识网络分析的基本单元,在层次视角下,三元闭包存在多样性,可用于描述节点的同层聚集、知识融合、知识分化等多种现象。以“数字图书馆”领域为例,由其关键词组成的概念知识网络可进行分层,引入节点层级差异和三元闭包类型后,可以更深入地分析知识网络中节点的微观关联结构。     

Collaborator recommendation in heterogeneous bibliographic networks using random walks

The increasingly growing popularity of the collaboration among researchers and the increasing information overload in big scholarly data make it imperative to develop a collaborator recommendation system for researchers to find potential partners. Existing works always study this task as a link prediction problem in a homogeneous network with a single object type (i.e., author) and a single link type (i.e., co-authorship). However, a real-world academic social network often involves several object types, e.g., papers, terms, and venues, as well as multiple relationships among different objects. This paper proposes a RWR-CR (standing for random walk with restart-based collaborator recommendation) algorithm in a heterogeneous bibliographic network towards this problem. First, we construct a heterogeneous network with multiple types of nodes and links with a simplified network structure by removing the citing paper nodes. Then, two importance measures are used to weight edges in the network, which will bias a random walker’s behaviors. Finally, we employ a random walk with restart to retrieve relevant authors and output an ordered recommendation list in terms of ranking scores. Experimental results on DBLP and hep-th datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology and its promising performance in collaborator prediction.     

社会网络视域下的用户协同信息行为与图书馆信息服务新趋势

立足于结构分析思想,基于社会网络的视角,以豆瓣网用户为例分析网络用户协同信息行为的内在逻辑关联特征,以用户关系为核心构建用户与用户、用户与信息的协同信息行为和信息交互模型,进而揭示网络环境下用户信息行为特征和信息服务发展的新趋势,以期为图书馆个性化信息服务提供一个新的研究视角。     

MyOpenDL:一个基于OAI的个人数字图书馆

个人信息资源管理是一个既有研究价值又有市场潜力的研究课题。本文首先分析了个人信息管理的需求并对相关的概念进行了辨析。在调研了国内外相关研究项目的基础上,本文介绍了MyOpenDL的体系结构和实现方法。MyOpenDL既是个人信息资源管理和利用的有效工具,也是一个面向工作组的资源共享与交换平台。它的主要特色是:①基于OAI的互操作体系结构和元数据级的共享机制;②基于XML的可切换的知识组织体系;③应用信息过滤技术实施个性化推荐。MyOpenDL集开放性与集成性于一身,它把个性化贯彻到了系统的体系结构之中,真正实施了以用户为中心的服务理念。