AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF DATE OF BIRTH ON SUBSEQUENT SCHOOL PERFORMANCE

Eleven basic skills involved in effective listening and reading were isolated for study. These skills were believed to underlie an effective understanding of oral and written communications. It was hypothesized that training could improve the learning of these basic listening skills. After controlling for socio‐economic status and sex differences, pupils in grades 2 and 5 were randomly assigned to a training and a non‐training condition. The training consisted of a number of sessions whereby the student listened to pre‐recorded tapes composed around the 11 basic listening skills. Following training, all students were administered a 33‐item test consisting of questions measuring comprehension of the basic skills. Using analysis of variance techniques, the effectiveness of training in listening was analysed. Whereas the training was found to be highly effective at grade 2, it was only moderately effective at grade 5.

     

FURTHER EVIDENCE ON THE EFFECT OF DATE OF BIRTH ON SUBSEQUENT SCHOOL PERFORMANCE

In a previous paper (Hartley and Holt, 1971) the development of a three‐minute reasoning test was described, and its validity and reliability assessed. In this paper three experiments are reported which look in greater detail at these aspects of the test in different situations. The results of the experiments indicated that the test was less valid and was less reliable than was originally anticipated.     

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL WEIGHTING OF INDIVIDUAL ITEM RESPONSES ON THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF AN APTITUDE TEST

An empirical investigation of the effect of choice weight scoring on predictive validity and reliability. Choice weight scoring refers to the procedure whereby different weights may be assigned to all the options of an item. Four groups of subjects were included in the experiment. Weights derived from each group were used to score tests for another group in order to assess the cross-validity of the weighted scoring. In no case did the increments in reliability and validity due to the weighted scoring exceed .03.     

论邓小平在接班人问题上所做的历史性贡献

笔者提出评判历史性贡献的三个标准及邓小平的第三项历史性贡献：选择并选举了我党合适的接班人;创立并起始了有中国特色的“领导核心交接制”。从学术角度对这项历史性贡献进行阐述,有助于从不同角度全面理解邓小平理论。笔者对社会主义科学体系中接班人理论与其他社会主义国家接班人问题的研究提出了新观点。     

小议《现代汉语通论》瑕疵

《现代汉语通论》是在新时代新的人材要求下，对以前的教材批判性吸收后重新编写的一部全国高校普遍通用的现代汉语基础理论教材。我们在学习过程中感于本书的实用和时代性的同时，也在某些地方遇到一些困难或感到困惑，发现书中存在一些瑕疵。现从印刷错误、所述不全、所述有误、前后不一和存在争议五个方面进行了整理归纳，管中窥豹，不胜冒昧，这里一并提出求教于方家，同时也希望能够给编者今后的修订工作提供一些参考，为以后的学习者提供方便。     

COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENT ATTRACTION TO AN ENGLISH COURSE: THE ASSOCIATIONS AMONG STUDENT GENDER,THE GENDER OF THE AUTHOR OF ASSIGNED READING,AND THE STYLE OF READING

This article reports the results of a factorial experiment that investigated the reactions of male and female students to a hypothetical English course offered at the community college level. The participants (N = 136) consisted of students enrolled in English 101 courses at four community colleges in a southeastern state. The independent variables were gender of the student, gender of the author assigned, and the type of reading assigned (narrative, expository). The dependent variable was a composite rating of student attraction to the English course. Females rated the course more favorably than males, and testing detected an interaction effect between gender of the student and the gender of the writer. Females preferred female authors, and males were attracted to male authors. There also was an interaction effect between gender of the author and style of writing. Participants preferred female authors and expository style. The findings have practical implications for educational programs, English instructors, and future research.     

A QUESTION OF TIMING: WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO SURVEY GRADUATES TO OBTAIN FEEDBACK ABOUT AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM?

When follow‐up surveys of graduates of Health Professional programs are used to obtain evaluative information about program components and processes, the timing of such a survey is an important consideration. Information may be collected at various points in time: at program end while the graduates are still on the premises, or at varying points after the graduates leave the educational institution. Follow‐up surveys of four classes of medical students and five classes of nursing students conducted at varying points in time are used to examine the effect of timing on the program feedback obtained. Graduate assessment of program features was consistent and stable even several years after program completion. Surveying students regarding their perceptions of their education shortly before graduation is recommended. This is less costly and provides information to program planners when it can have more immediate impact on program planning.     

素质教育目的之哲学探微

首先通过对“应试教育”的本质与特征的分析，明确了素质教育的本质，即依据人和社会的实际需要，使全体受教育者的个性得到全面和谐发展的教育实践活动。并进一步探索了素质教育的价值取向，即追求真美美的统一，最后，提出素质教育的目的即实现个性的自由发展。     

EFFECT OF CLASS SIZE,GRADES GIVEN,AND ACADEMIC FIELD ON STUDENT OPINION OF INSTRUCTION

This study reviewed the effect of class size, grades given, and academic field on student opinion of instruction. Data analysis showed that there were no significant correlations between variables of the three groups: (a) class size and student opinion of instruction; (b) grades given and student opinion of instruction, and (c) college and national academic field rankings and student opinion of instruction. These results leave teacher effectiveness as the most likely variable to explain ratings of student opinion of instruction.