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1.
Andrew Marks 《Higher Education》2005,50(4):613-630
This paper argues that the conceptions of ‘space’ (and increasingly ‘time’) in the discussion of ‘the university’ (in its
most transcendent sense) have gone through four distinct phases in the UK. Using a Heideggerian conception of ‘space’ where
usefulness is more important than proximity, the ‘ancient’ universities were ‘useful’ to the gentry and thus were ‘closer’
to them than to the excluded ‘local’ poor in the institutions’ vicinities. The ‘civic’ universities on the other hand stressed
‘localism’ as part of their mandate – to educate the people of their locality (but only those of the new industrial middle
class). The ‘Robbins’ universities were a partial return to the ‘ancient’ notion of learning as a ‘lived’ activity, providing
scenic landscapes on green-belt campuses where students could ‘retreat’ from the ‘real world’ for the duration of their studies.
The ‘spatial’ quality of these places was thus part of a conception of higher education as ‘lifestyle choice’ where young
people moved away from their locality to study. As such ‘proximity’ was an issue only insofar as the greater the distance
from one’s point of origin the better for successful immersion in the growing student ‘culture’. The ‘new/post-1992’ universities
partially retained their polytechnic mandate to educate local people, but embraced a colonialist impulse regarding local space
usage. ‘
‘The discussion can be further refined to argue that these four stages are merely two phases which have repeated themselves:
from ancient ‘exclusivity’ to civic ‘localism’ and back to Robbins era ‘exclusivity’ and thence to post-1992 ‘localism’ once
more’. The opening up of higher education via the Internet in the late 20th and early 21st centuries provides for the possibility
of the growth of entirely non-spatial and asynchronous learning experiences, and as such we may well be on the verge of the
fifth stage of university development. 相似文献
2.
Creativity is viewed in different ways in different disciplines: in education it is called ‘innovation’, in business it is
‘entrepreneurship’, in mathematics it is often equated with ‘problem solving’, and in music it is ‘performance’ or ‘composition’.
A creative product in different domains is measured against the norms of that domain, with its own rules, approaches and conceptions
of creativity. 相似文献
3.
Perry den Brok Sibel Telli Jale Cakiroglu Ruurd Taconis Ceren Tekkaya 《Learning Environments Research》2010,13(3):187-204
The purposes of this study were to examine how Turkish students perceived their biology classroom environment, how their perceptions
compared to those of students in other countries, and what classroom learning environment profiles could be discerned in Turkish
high school biology classrooms. Data were gathered from 1,474 high school students in four inner city schools, in Bursa, Turkey.
A total of 11 biology teachers participated in the study with 52 of their classes. Data on students’ perceptions of their
learning environment were collected with the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire. Results indicated that
Turkish classrooms were perceived as being low in terms of Teacher Support and high in terms of Task Orientation. Six distinct
classroom learning environment profiles were found: the ‘self-directed learning classroom’, ‘task-oriented cooperative learning
classroom’, ‘mainstream classroom’, ‘task-oriented individualised classroom’, ‘low-effective learning classroom’ and ‘high-effective
learning classroom’. The most common profile was the ‘mainstream classroom’ for which all WIHIC scales had medium–high scores. 相似文献
4.
By probing into the relationship of senior students’ demand for “internationalization”, students’ expected economic returns
in future careers, and their individual concept of modernity, this study attempts to explore several factors that are influencing
the demand for overseas higher education.
Translated from Jiaoyu Yu Jingji 教育与经济 (Education and Economy), 2006, (1): 51–54 相似文献
5.
Min-hui Qian 《Frontiers of Education in China》2006,1(4):549-566
Within the sphere of contemporary social sciences, the terms “modernity,” “post-modernity” and “globalization” have penetrated,
as the core concepts, into various fields of social sciences in a logical way. In constituting the concept of “modernity,”
sociology of education develops the educational theory, as sociological theory does, into a “grand narrative” and “foundationalist”
theory; the contribution of post-modernity is pluralism and self-examination in an attempt to transcend modernity. Globalization,
a kind of expanded modernity, makes education sociologists broaden their perspective from single and traditional “nationality,”
“society” and “nation” to an international society and even to the global society, which has broken through the research paradigm
of modernity with ethnocentrism, anthropocentrism and Euro-centrism. These changes have required urgent constitution of the
conceptions and theoretical frameworks of sociology of education to be applied on a global level.
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Translated from Peking University Education Review, 2006 (1) 相似文献
6.
Xiaoli Du 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(2):273-285
With the content analysis method, this paper uses statistic evidence and analysis of the discourses in Harvard Educational Review (HER) from 1931 to 2000 to discuss the transformation of educational research, which has turned from “teaching object” to
“teaching subject”. What is more, education research is not only aimed at pursuing the efficiency of teaching, but also showing
more concern for the individuals in the process of teaching.
Translated from Jiaoyu Fazhan Yanjiu 教育发展研究 (Exploring Education Development), 2005, (12): 53–56 相似文献
7.
This study investigates, statistically and econometrically, the income level, income inequality, education inequality, and
the relationship between education and income of different social groups, on the basis of the Chinese Urban Household Survey
conducted in 2005, the Gini coefficient and the quartile regression method. Research findings indicate that income inequality
in China shows a significantly increasing trend since the beginning of the 1990s, which is attributed to the lowest income
groups. Additionally, it is seen that the higher the level of education in a group, the smaller the income gap within it.
As a result, the rate of returns on education for the “group with weaker ability to earn” is higher than that for the “group
with stronger ability to earn”.
Translated from Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinglun 北京大学教育评论 (Peking University Education Review), 2006, 4(2): 85–92 相似文献
8.
Fengchun Cheng 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(3):394-403
Neither of the “Three Industry” Theory nor the “General Agreement of Trading Service” (GATS) of the World Trade Organization
(WTO) can be the essential criteria to analyze the property of education. The property of education can be defined from consumers’
perspective. The direct consumers of education are students; but the ultimate consumers of education include parents, employers,
society and governments as well. From the perspective of consumers, education is both a service and a productive institution.
Translated from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2006, (2): 5–10 相似文献
9.
Brian L. Jones 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):161-170
The term ‘concept’ is used in different ways within educational literature and has at least two different, although related,
referents in relation to science knowledge, namely, public knowledge and private understandings. A taxonomic structure for
‘science concepts’ (public knowledge) has been developed to provide a rationale for the choice of phenomena to be used in
the investigation of students’ ‘concepts’ and also to act as a frame of reference for generating insights about the data to
be collected. Furthermore, it may be a useful heuristic to predict other science concepts likely to be highly problematic
in school teaching situations and thus worthy of detailed research. The taxonomy, called a ‘Scale of Empirical Distance’ (SED),
enables science concepts to be mapped according to their degree of closeness to concrete realities. The scale shows a recognition
of the empirical basis of science concepts and the role of human senses in the perception of the material world even though
“absolute objectivity of observation is not a possible ideal of science” as Harre (1972) has noted. The scale uses two binary
variables, namely, ‘visual’ and ‘tactile’, to generate four categories of science concepts ranging on a continuum from concrete
to abstract. Some concepts related to ‘matter’ will be classified and discussed.
Specializations: science teacher education, primary science curriculum and methods, students’ personal meanings of phenomena. 相似文献
10.
中国学术制度建构的历史与现实境遇 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阎光才 《Frontiers of Education in China》2009,4(3):323-342
The rise and development of China’s academic system is a process that started from “passively accepting Western Learning”;
to today’s “catching up with Western Learning and even exceeding it”;. In the last century, China experienced a turbulent
and unstable social environment in which academics and politics have always been intertwined. As a result, the internal logic
of China’s academic system shares similar characteristics with its Western models, but is unique in certain ways at the same
time. In the complex and inseparable relationship between academics and politics, which involves both love and hate, the logic
that academics must serve political needs, on one hand, establishes the co-existence of the academia and the government, which
provides a relatively stable environment for academic activities within the system; on the other hand, it also jeopardizes
the ecological environment in which the academics can develop according to its own internal logic. For exactly the same reasons,
even at present, internalization means something special and complex for Chinese academia because, on one hand, it truly represents
academia’s strive to meet international standards; on the other hand, the pushing factor behind this “voluntary”; stance is
still state and political power.
__________
Translated by FENG Xiaojie from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2008, (6): 21–28 相似文献
11.
The workplace, especially the academic department or division, provides an intriguing research site for study of correlates
of scholarly performance. The objective of this study was to estimate a correlate model of three-year scholarly performance
of clinical faculty in colleges of pharmacy. Two-hundred and ninety-six clinical faculty in pharmacy responded to an author-developed
questionnaire. The scholarly performance items factored into three dimensions: “Refereed Research,”, “Grants/Books Research,”
and “Nonresearch Scholarship.” A fourth single-item variable, “Contracts,” was also used as a dependent dimension. Eight correlates,
including two related to the departmental workplace, emerged as factors significantly explaining the variation in scholarly
performance. The two most significant were “Off-Campus Conversations” and “Department: Percent Time in Research.” These results
as well as others were contrasted with prior correlate studies and suggestions were made for future additional study. 相似文献
12.
Knowledge of derivational suffix meanings was investigated in 10- to 12-year-old students with language learning disabilities
and individually matched chronological- and language-age peers. Students produced derived forms from nonce bases in an elicitation
task and selected derived forms in a forced choice task. For instance, students produced a word to label the baby of an invented
animal called a TEM (TEMlet, TEMette, TEMkin, etc.) and chose an appropriate label from four options (TEMlet, TEMkin, TEMship,
TEMhood). Twenty-eight suffixes (e.g., less, y, ize) conveying seven derivational meanings (e.g., “without X,” “approximately
X,” “to make X”) were studied. All groups showed higher accuracy on the forced choice task than on the elicitation task. However,
elicitation task accuracy of students with language learning disabilities fell substantially below that of typically achieving
students. Suffixes for “agent X,” “character of X,” and “to make X” were produced in the elicitation task with higher accuracy
than suffixes for “approximately X,” “diminutive X,” and “state of X.” In both tasks, suffix use was associated with productivity
(i.e., regularity of suffix attachment). All groups chose highly productive suffixes (e.g., TEMlet) over less productive suffixes
(e.g., TEMkin) to convey each meaning. 相似文献
13.
Based on the quantitative research and comparative study method, this paper attempts to make a systematic study and analysis
of regional differences which have existed since 1949 in higher education among East, Middle and West China. The study is
intended to explore the causes, regional differences, social changes, and their co-related interactions. It is concluded that
the beneficent social and educational development in various regions will determine the substantial development of Chinese
higher education.
__________
Translated from Hebei Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Jiaoyu Kexue Ban) 河北师范大学学报(教育科 学版) (Journal of Hebei Normal University (Educational Science Edition)), 2007, 9(2): 5–18 相似文献
14.
Since the 1920’s many researchers have conducted studies exploring the qualities of good teachers. However, a limited number
of empirical studies have been conducted in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter called China). The current study has
two objectives. The first one aims to compare a good teacher’s characteristics in China and the USA. To achieve this, qualitative
data of a good teacher’s characteristics were collected in China. The results obtained from China were then compared to those
reported in the USA. The second objective was to test whether or not there are differences among teachers’, students’ and
parents’ perceptions of a good teacher’s characteristics in China. To achieve this, questionnaires were administered, and
then statistical analyses were conducted. The qualitative data analyses have revealed four themes about the characteristics
of good Chinese teachers: Teacher ethics, professional skills, professional development, and students’ test scores. The ANOVAs
have found no differences among teachers’, students’ and parents’ perceptions of the qualities of good teachers in China on
most of the items. This study helps readers better understand good teachers in a Chinese context and provides a framework
for future comparative study between China and the USA regarding the qualities of good teachers. 相似文献
15.
Vasilios Grammatikopoulos Nikolaos Tsigilis Athanasios Koustelios Yannis Theodorakis 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2005,40(5):427-438
The aim of this study was to develop an instrument for evaluating how an education program has been implemented. Such evaluation
can provide insight into the effectiveness of a program. Examined here was the Olympic Education Program used in Greek schools
since 2000. In it, students learn the history of the Olympic games and the importance of exercise for health along with the
principles and values of sports and volunteerism. The evaluation instrument underlying this study addressed the following
six factors: ‘facilities’, ‘administration’, ‘educational material’, ‘student–teacher relationships’, ‘educational procedures’,
and ‘training’. Results indicate that the instrument, while adequate for assessing effectiveness, should be combined with
advanced statistical methods. 相似文献
16.
新疆民族教育的发展与双语教育的实践 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
马戎 《Frontiers of Education in China》2009,4(2):188-251
The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is an area of great importance for the ethnic minorities of northwestern China, and
the development of local minority education has been a constant concern in both government and academic spheres. By means
of analyzing government documents, statistical data and research literature, this article attempts to define the fundamental
modes and development processes of minority education in Xinjiang. Furthermore, the article elaborates on discussion of the
development and problems relevant to bilingual education in the concentrated Uyghur communities of southern Xinjiang based
on the author’s field research in the Kashgar Prefecture in 2007.
Translated by Zhang Lin from Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinglun 北京大学教育评论 (Peking University Education Review), 2008, (2): 2–41, revised by Daniel Weisman 相似文献
17.
中国西南地区少数民族大学生民族认同心理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In China, ethnic identity refers to both one’s own ethnic identity and the identity of the Chinese nation. It is of great
significance not only to individuals’ mental health and full play of psychological functions but also to ethnic solidarity
and regional and national stability. On the whole, ethnic minority college students in the Southwestern regions have positive
national identity and behavior tendency. Universities and colleges should further uplift students’ national identity and improve
their behavior through education.
__________
Translated from Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu 民族教育研究(Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities), 2007, 18(2): 32–36 相似文献
18.
Conceptions of,and approaches to,teaching online: a study of lecturers teaching postgraduate distance courses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carlos Gonzalez 《Higher Education》2009,57(3):299-314
This paper presents the outcomes of a study into online teaching. It builds upon previous research and conceptual frameworks
produced by Kember and Kwan (Instr Sci 28(5):469–490, 2000) and Roberts (Instr Sci 31(1–2):127–150, 2003). It advances research
on conceptions of, and approaches to, teaching by examining teaching in a novel context: distance-taught courses at the postgraduate
level. Lecturers were interviewed from a Faculty of Health Sciences in a research-intensive Australian University. Relationships
between conceptions and approaches found in previous research were confirmed in this study. However, it was found that the
conceptions of online teaching proposed by Roberts (Instr Sci 31(1–2):127–150, 2003) did not adequately distinguish between
the conceptions held by the lecturers interviewed in this study. Three modified conceptions of online teaching are proposed:
‘for individual access to learning materials and information; and for individual assessment’; ‘for learning related communication
(asynchronous and/or synchronous)’; and ‘as a medium for networked learning’. Some of the dimensions developed by Roberts
to describe approaches to online teaching were not applicable in this study setting and needed further modification. Two broad
approaches emerged: ‘informative/individual learning focused’ and ‘communicative/networked learning focused’. Contextual influences
on teaching reported by Kember and Kwan (Instr Sci 28(5):469–490, 2000)—that is, institutional influence, nature of students
and subject and curriculum—were revealed in this study to have different levels of influence over approaches to online teaching:
the first two being the more relevant ones. 相似文献
19.
钟晨音 《Frontiers of Education in China》2008,3(4):594-606
As the teacher education in China gradually evolves from the closed one into an open one, and with the greater pressure from
the competition among universities, the transformation of normal universities is an inevitable choice. The problems that normal
universities need to face up to are the proper goal orientation and the setting of appropriate development goals. Through
the comparison and interpretation of the development goals of current normal universities in China, this paper finds similar
tendency in the development types and the choices of features. Goal orientation is vital to the development of normal universities.
Therefore, when setting and implementing development goals, a sound understanding about expressions like “the features of
operating schools” and “comprehensive universities” should be improved, and a rational thinking about the fundamental questions
should be engaged in as well.
__________
Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2008, 29(2): 29–34 相似文献
20.
Bev Rogers 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2003,30(2):65-87
Educational research has been criticised by governments and practitioners. For some politicians and policy makers, there is
a tendency to look for direct links between research and successful, effective and efficient practice. Research is needed
to inform their evidence-based practice as policy makers, and to provide the kind of research teachers need to base their
practice on the best available evidence for doing ‘x rather than y’ (Hargreaves 1996) or predicting the ‘size of the effect
of A on B’ (Blunkett 2000). There is no doubt that both teachers and policy makers do make decisions on a daily basis based
on some form of evidence. This paper explores Hargreaves’ notion of evidence-based practice, providing a range of criticisms.
It also examines Carr’s historical account of ‘praxis’ and ‘poiesis’ to suggest a notion of evidence-based praxis based partly
on the historical notion of ‘phronesis’ — practical wisdom. The basis for this is the argument that wise and practical ethical
and moral judgements are central to an understanding of teachers’ daily work. What to do in a specific educational situation
cannot be determined solely by theoretical beliefs or by ‘techne’. However the ethical dimension is not the only consideration.
The paper suggests that evidence-based praxis use Stenhouse’s notion of ‘actionable evidence’, which includes the ethical
dimension, but also Thomson’s concept of ‘thisness’, which describes the unique contextual characteristics of a school. If
disadvantaged schools can make some sort of difference to learning opportunities for students, it is argued that teachers
might engage in evidence-based praxis which involves them in reflecting on, and theorising what is happening in classrooms,
schools and neighbourhoods. This ‘praxis’ also involves them in modifying their theories, critically analysing ‘what works’,
questioning how they know and developing ideas about how things might be done differently. There will be an element of developing
knowledge about teaching and learning strategies (Hargreaves’ ‘body of knowledge’), but it will be in the context of the ethical
and moral dilemmas associated with education. It will take up the question of local differences as well as a realistic approach
to what constitutes actual school improvement. Evidence-based praxis is also essentially a collective activity not an individual
approach. Future development of the notion of evidence-based praxis might also include involving students in a more reciprocal
and open learning process like that highlighted by researchers who focus on student participation linked to school reform. 相似文献