鄱阳湖生态经济区生态管理系统实证研究

鄱阳湖生态经济区是江西省首个纳入国家战略的区域性规划,保障区域性的生态质量是其中的一个关键点。基于此,本文构建了生态质量管理系统指标体系,建立鄱阳湖经济区生态质量综合评价因子分析模型,对区域内的九个地级市的生态质量进行评价并提出可行性建议,为该区域今后的发展提供借鉴与指导意义。     

农村劳动力转移的问题分析——以鄱阳湖生态经济区为例

本文在国内外相关理论研究及实践分析的基础上,设计调研问卷——《鄱阳湖生态经济区农村劳动力转移及城镇化建设》,通过对鄱阳湖生态经济区3个地市的6个县(市、区)9个乡(镇)76个自然村2000个样本的调研,分析鄱阳湖生态经济区农村劳动力转移过程中存在的问题。     

鄱阳湖生态效率测度指标体系的构建

鄱阳湖生态经济区是中部地区正在加速形成的增长极之一,其对长江流域的生态环境和经济发展有着重要的影响.分析了鄱阳湖生态经济区发展的机遇和挑战,并在阐述评价指标体系的一般过程与方法的基础上,构建了鄱阳湖生态效率评价的指标体系.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区生态体系可持续发展评价研究

本文以鄱阳湖生态经济区中的6个城市作为研究对象,选取综合指标层、评价指标层、考核指标层三个层次构件鄱阳湖生态经济区可持续发展指标体系,并查阅相关的统计资料获取相应的指标值,用统计软件SPSS进行数据处理与分析,借助粗糙集中的知识分类思想和指标约简原理提取关键指标,并对其进行重要度的计算来确定权重,从而对鄱阳湖生态经济区可持续发展进行实证评价。     

土地利用功能变化与利益相关者受偿意愿及经济补偿研究——以鄱阳湖生态脆弱区为例

土地利用变化可引致区域生态过程的改变和经济结构的变化,进而影响区域可持续发展.本文以1997年～2007年鄱阳湖区居民的经济收入结构和三产结构的变化为依据,对鄱阳湖生态脆弱区土地利用功能变化后,核心利益相关者的受偿意愿与经济补偿问题进行了深入的分析和探讨.围绕生态环境保育政策的实施,对1997年～2000年,2000年～2005年两个不同阶段的土地利用格局变化进行了对比分析.结果表明,土地利用的改变对鄱阳湖地区土地利用功能产生影响,而土地利用功能变化不仅从宏观上影响鄱阳湖区的产业结构,而且从微观上影响鄱阳湖区农民的经济收入结构和数量,从而影响了该地区的经济可持续性.研究证实了生态补偿是鄱阳湖生态脆弱区土地利用功能变化后农民经济可持续性保障的重要政策选择.对此作了进一步研究:首先运用利益相关者分析方法界定出核心利益相关者、次核心利益相关者和边缘利益相关者;其次,分析"退田还湖"政策实施后农户的受偿意愿以及地方政府的生态补偿分担率,选取鄱阳湖区其中3个县作为典型区域,调查农户对土地利用变化后经济损失的受偿意愿,结果显示每户农民的受偿意愿在(13762～15525)元/hm2之间,整个鄱阳湖区域农民受偿意愿在(57.0～64.5)×108元之间;3个行政区(南昌、九江和上饶)的生态补偿分担率依次为73.0%、17.3%、9.7%.此项研究对该区域经济可持续发展有一定意义,同时可为同类型其他地区的生态环境管理提供决策参考依据.     

区域科技创新能力评价的研究热点与述评——兼论对鄱阳湖生态经济区科技创新能力评价的启示

科技创新是推动区域经济跨越式发展的重要力量,也是促进鄱阳湖生态经济区经济增长与生态保护协调发展的关键措施。科技创新的核心要素是科技创新能力,国内学者围绕科技创新能力开展了较为广泛的研究,但科技创新能力评价方面的研究有待进一步深入。本文从评价指标体系、评价方法及模型等方面对区域科技创新能力评价的研究热点进行了梳理和评述,并在此基础上建立了鄱阳湖生态经济区科技创新能力的评价指标体系和评价模型。     

沈阳市远郊四县(市)土地利用效益评价

结合沈阳市远郊四县(市)的土地利用特点以及存在的问题,建立土地利用现状评价指标体系,从土地开发利用程度、土地集约利用程度、土地利用综合效益三方面对远郊四县(市)的土地利用现状进行评价。结果表明:沈阳市远郊四县(市)土地开发利用程度、土地利用综合效益、土地利用现状综合水平均处于可持续合理利用,土地集约利用程度处于初步合理利用。     

基于EKC的鄱阳湖生态经济区环境与经济发展关系研究

鄱阳湖作为我国重要的生态功能保护区,其区域内的环境经济发展状况对国家的生态环境有着重要的研究意义。基于此,本文以江西鄱阳湖生态经济区为研究对象,选取六个地级市南昌、景德镇、九江、新余、鹰潭、抚州,对它们的经济与环境指标进行分析,构建环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)。以工业"三废"污染排放及其综合指数为污染指标,研究人均GDP与环境污染之间的关系。研究结果表明,鄱阳湖生态经济区经济发展对环境状况产生了不良的影响,各地市需根据发展的实际情况,采取有效的措施保护环境。     

生态退耕前后甘肃正宁县农地利用可持续性评估

科学评判生态退耕区农业土地利用可持续性的变化特征,对相关政策的完善具有重要的意义。本文以甘肃正宁县为案例区,从土地投入水平合理度、土地产出效益、环境支持力、政策补贴4组准则出发,选取了影响农业土地利用可持续性的15个指标,构建了基于1995-2010年时间序列数据的测算体系,并通过相对接近度法(TOPSIS),来多层次衡量农业土地利用的可持续性时序变化特征。最后采用层次聚类法,基于全部指标对研究年份进行聚类,进而区分研究区农业土地利用可持续性变化的时间节点。结果表明:①构建的土地投入水平合理度指数C(I)、土地产出效益指数C(O)、环境支持力指数C(E)和农业土地利用可持续性指数C(T)时序曲线都表现出明显的波动上升的趋势,C(T)最大值为2002年的0.77,最小值为1995年的0.20;②通过层次聚类分析将正宁县退耕前后16年的农业土地利用可持续性特点划分为:1995-2002年的波动调整阶段、2003-2007年的稳定增长阶段和2008-2010年的巩固预警阶段。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区低碳城镇化的问题与对策分析

当前鄱阳湖生态经济区处于加速城镇化建设阶段,转变传统粗放型发展模式,走低碳发展之路刻不容缓。本文通过对鄱阳湖生态经济区城镇化建设现状以及推行低碳城镇化的可行性进行分析,针对性地提出了鄱阳湖生态经济区低碳城镇化发展对策,为推进鄱阳湖生态经济区低碳城镇化建设提供路径参考。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.