Integrative Process in Manager–Employee Negotiations: Relational and Structural Factors

This study examines the effect of relational and structural factors on integrative process involved in manager–employee negotiations. Eighty government employees recalling specific negotiation episodes with a supervisor completed survey items measuring three integrative dimensions of the discussion. Twenty-five divisional supervisors completed measures of work unit rule observation and participation in decision making. Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) and rule observation were both substantial predictors of elaboration and mutual concessions during negotiation. Implications discussed include the importance of organizational members' recognizing the integrative potential in workplace negotiations. These findings illustrate that awareness of interpersonal dynamics and formal rule structure in the work unit can help employees better plan to negotiate elements of their work role with a manager.     

An empirical framework for examining negotiation processes and outcomes

The purpose of the study was to develop an empirical framework to help understand the process and outcome of negotiation. To achieve this objective the following components were examined: situation, including the availability of communications, time constraints, personality compatibility, and conflict intensity, social power strategies, including reward reducing and reward‐extending power tactics, expectation information and coordination processes, and personality traits relevant to the negotiation situation. The following hypothesis was designed to test part of the proposed model: pre‐negotiation expectations, the use of power strategies, and individual personality traits will, in combination, predict significantly negotiation outcome. The confirmation of this hypothesis indicated that pre‐negotiation expectations and social power strategy implementation were the most significant predictors of outcome.     

Testing a model of value argument and evidence

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model of negotiation rule use that incorporates both content and relational dimensions of communication and focuses upon interaction as the dependent variable. Fourteen negotiation rules are hypothesized to structure the negotiation interaction. From these rules fourteen interaction analysis categories are developed—with seven assessing how negotiators respond to one another and seven assessing how negotiators cue or constrain the opponent's next utterance. Interactions in mock negotiations are coded using this category scheme and placed into cue‐response transition matrices. The differences in interaction patterns among winners and losers are used to assess the extent to which the rules structure the negotiation interaction.     

User Expectations in Higher Education Library Services in Nigeria

Abstract

This paper outlines the developments in Nigerian higher education with emphasis on the universities. The population of students and faculty has grown; funding for university libraries has declined; books and journals have become scarce and costly. User needs have not diminished. There is pressure on the university libraries with increasing expectations from users. These expectations provide the vision for librarians to tune their sentences to satisfy the users. The paper finally urges the Committee of University Librarians of Nigerian Universities (CULNU) to act now and not give excuses for failure to do so.     

Shaping Expectations: Defining and Refining the Role of Technical Services in New Resource Rollouts

ABSTRACT

From trial to implementation, technical services staff play an important role in shaping awareness and expectations of new or updated electronic resources. With appropriate message control during the rollout process, technical services staff can positively influence understanding and awareness of resources while keeping co-workers’ and patrons’ expectations in check. At the same time, by embracing this public service role, technical services acts as a full partner with public services in mediating resources to patrons. This article explores technical services’ public-facing role by describing a protocol for managing rollouts that emphasizes timing internal and external communications, providing training and support materials, and maintaining accuracy and objectivity in all rollout communications.     

Adopting a toolkit to manage time,resources, and expectations in the systematic review process: a case report

Background:The proliferation of systematic reviews has impacted library operations and activities as librarians support, collaborate, and perform more tasks in the systematic review process. This case report describes a toolkit that librarians with extensive experience in supporting multiple review teams use to manage time, resources, and expectations in the systematic review process.Case Presentation:The toolkit is a compilation of documents that we use to effectively communicate with and help review teams understand and navigate each stage of the systematic review process. Elements included in the toolkit and discussed in this case report are intake forms, communication templates and memoranda, a process flow diagram, library guides on tools for retrieval and data appraisal, and established standards for guidance during the write-up stage. We describe the use of the toolkit for both education and project management, with a focus on its use in helping manage team time, resources, and expectations.Discussion:The systematic review toolkit helps librarians connect systematic review steps and tasks to actionable items. The content facilitates and supports discussion and learning by both librarians and team members. This toolkit helps librarians share important information and resources for each stage of the process.     

论信息系统在企业并购中的作用

从信息系统的角度分析并购研究的整合模型，讨论与理解信息系统作用相关的研究发现。该分析被分为三部分：战略协调性、组织协调性及并购整合过程。用于分析的整合模型的所有三个维度都涉及到了对于信息系统十分重要且有着潜在作用的相关问题。     

Finding Common Ground: The Role of Preventive Conservation in Response to the Expectations of Contemporary Audiences at the National Gallery,London

ABSTRACT

Like many museums and galleries following a prolonged period of austerity, the National Gallery has increased its public, private and corporate activities on an unprecedented scale and embarked on an extensive building programme to develop the site and its heritage-listed building. Together with an expanding loans and exhibitions programme, institutional attention has been drawn towards using the collection and building in ways not done before, both to attract new audiences and to develop new income sources. However, such new and escalating activities have the potential to expose the collection to risks not previously considered and are increasing cumulative exposure to certain environmental factors. A new group, the Preventive Conservation Working Group (PCWG), working at an operational level, has recently been established as a forum for discourse, collaboration and innovation at this time of transformation, and its activities and areas of current focus are presented. The role of this group in safeguarding the collection while helping the institution to respond to the expectations of modern life and the contemporary audience are discussed, as well as some of the other positive benefits resulting from the group's formation.     

The role of nonverbal behaviors as distractors in resistance to persuasion in interpersonal contexts

The role of two nonverbal variables, conversational distance and physical self‐presentation, are examined as potential sources of distraction with consequent effects on susceptibility to persuasion. A model of conversational distancing violations is adapted to a distraction perspective to predict how nonverbal variables specifically might function as distractors. Results of an experiment manipulating violations of distancing expectations and physical attractiveness of confederates (N = 350) indicate that both may be sources of distraction, and offer modest support for the prediction that attractive individuals engaging in violations of expectations will serve as positive sources of distraction, leading to greater susceptibility to persuasion. Failure to support the prediction that unattractive individuals engaging in violations of expectations foster more resistance to persuasion is partly explained by the lack of a sufficiently unattractive confederate.     

Censorship of AFVN news in Vietnam

In this time of increasing pressure against incumbent licensees at renewal time, all aspects of the renewal process have come into sharper focus and importance. One topic of special interest has been the licensee's “Ascertainment of Community Needs”; section of his renewal form. Hoping to make the process more realistic, the FCC issued revised guidelines on the ascertainment process early in 1971. This issue of the Journal offers four articles exploring the present status of ascertainment, beginning with this overview of a sample of western television licensees which compares ascertainment filings in 1968 (before the FCC Primer) and 1971 (among the first filed afterwards) and demonstrates that the new FCC policy is having a telling effect. Dr. Joseph Foley is assistant professor of speech communications at Ohio State University.     

Enhancing negotiation skills using foreign service simulations

Courses: Conflict communication, negotiation, small group

Objective: This activity will enhance students’ awareness and critique of their own negotiation behaviors.     

The Integrated Library System: From Daring to Dinosaur?

ABSTRACT

The automated library system (ALS) has undergone significant changes since its inception in the 1970s. It is no longer simply a database to house and retrieve a library's holdings. It has become an integrated library system (ILS) comprised of robust clusters of systems involving every process and module related to libraries.

The Internet, open source, the increase in electronic resources, and the rising expectations of library users are changing the nature of the ILS. Library vendors are at times struggling to keep up with the demand for new services while providing support for existing services.

This article details the evolving role of the ILS and discusses where it could and should be headed.     

The Community Collaboration Stakeholder Project

Courses: Small Group Communication, or courses on social justice, collaboration, dialogue, and/or leadership

Objectives: In this semester-long project, students apply the communication skills of dialogue, appreciative inquiry, consensus decision-making, brainstorming, and principled negotiation in an authentic simulation of interorganizational collaboration     

Libraries Without Walls

Abstract

An internship in a prison library provides excellent training both in basic library services and in dealing with under-served populations. This type of internship, one that imparts an alternate view of librarianship, provides an understanding of how organizations work and develops professional integrity and supervisory skills. A prison internship experience has wide application in the library field, grounding students firmly in customer service and library instruction skills.     

Negotiating Journalistic Professionalism

South Korea's OhmyNews reports unique consequences of citizen reporting and participation. While many citizen news operations have come and gone, OhmyNews has been remarkably successful and has become one of the most powerful news sites in its country. This case study explores the concept of journalistic professionalism among OhmyNews citizen journalists and assesses whether perceptions of their journalistic work align with Singer's dimensions of professionalism (i.e., cognitive, normative and evaluative dimensions). We then compare these perceptions to those of professional journalists within the organization and integrate them into journalistic role conceptions. Findings show that both groups work through collaboration, checks and balances, and a negotiation of autonomy. Both benefit from the partnership and share similarities, rather than differences, in their effort to remain sustainable in contemporary media culture.     

Towards an Integrative Literature Search: Reflections of a ‘Wild’ Adult Learner

Summary

An integral learning approach involves principles beyond andragogy, a “new pedagogy,” transformative learning, feminist, or postmodernist perspectives and the “integrative knowing” in adult education theory. Drawing on a radical conflict transformation model of eldership, the author presents personal reflections on his own evolution as a library researcher and adult learner for the past 25 years. Skills and metaskills for the reference librarian are included. The traditional helping role and identity of librarians is challenged to become a ‘guide’ for the hunt, whereby the process of the search is valued as much as the end result.     

The Effects of Labyrinth Walking in an Academic Library

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine if labyrinth walking in an academic library would reduce library user stress and promote relaxation. A non- equivalent control group design was employed. Systolic blood pressure was significant for time effect (effect size of.136, and power.721). Pulse rate was significant for time effect (effect size 0.93, and power.507). Satisfaction survey results demonstrated increased satisfaction after labyrinth walking. Data from this pilot will form the basis of a larger scale study to determine the effect of labyrinth walking on stress particularly in high-stress learning environments.