浅析行政奖励的可诉性

行政奖励现代行政和现代法治的产物,是区别于传统行政的一种新型的引导型行政。在实践中以其特有的优势得到愈来愈广泛的应用,同时也暴露出很多问题,尤其是相对人权利的保障不力,本文以对行政奖励行为含义特征为切入点,进而对行政奖励行为的可诉性进行分析。     

略论行政奖励概念的重构

民主、高效、柔和的行政奖励是调动行政相对人积极性,调整行政主体与行政相对人之间关系的重要手段.但是,现有的行政奖励概念无法体现行政奖励法律关系中行政主体与行政相对人之间的关系,本文拟就该问题作一简要的论述.     

略论行政奖励概念的重构

民主、高效、柔和的行政奖励是调动行政相对人积极性，调整行政主体与行政相对人之间关系的重要手段。但是．现有的行政奖励概念无法体现行政奖励法律关系中行政主体与行政相对人之间的关系，本文拟就该问题作一简要的论述。     

我国科技奖励体制存在的几个问题

经过多年探索与实践,尤其是1999年和2005年两次重大改革后,初步形成了较为完善的具有中国特色的科技奖励体制。但是,科技奖励运行过程中出现的科学共同体奖边缘化,民间奖没有得到充分发展,奖励对象偏差,奖励程序行政主导因素大等问题没有从根本上得以解决,必然会影响我国科技奖励事业的健康发展。     

试论我国的科技奖励法律制度

科技奖励是一种典型的行政奖励类别,在市场经济条件下,有必要对科技奖励的概念进行重新界定,对现行科技奖励法律制度在评审监督程序、奖励形式、法律责任、民间科技奖励等方面存在着问题,寻求相应的解决措施,以此完善我国的科技奖励制度。     

中国不同类型科技奖励问题与原因的认知研究——基于问卷调查的分析

对中国高等院校、科研机构和企业研发机构一线科技工作者的抽样问卷调查结果显示:行政干预过多、奖励人员名单不实以及与个人利益挂钩太紧是当前中国政府科技奖励中的主要问题,而社会科技奖励中的主要问题是科学家不重视以及影响力不强。当前评价体系的不合理、相关监督审核机制不到位以及造假发现后的惩罚力度太小是其主要原因。根据调查结果,文章提出了改进中国科技奖励体系的政策建议。     

科技奖励对社会创新的影响机理——基于广东的探索性案例分析

对科技奖励作用于社会创新的机理加以研究，认为承认是科技奖励的本质特征，科技奖励以“动机+资源+环境”的模式推动社会创新进程和成果转化：通过承认机制激发科研人员的需求；通过激励机制强化科研人员的创新动机；通过导向机制引导优势资源向重点发展技术领域、产业方向聚集；通过竞争机制筛选优秀科研成果和人才，营造良好的社会创新环境。而在这种模式下取得的经济效益又用于加大科技奖励投入，循环往复地推动社会创新不断发展。以广东省科学技术奖为例研究其对社会创新的作用机制，认为其主要通过控制奖励数量、提高奖金额度、调整奖项结构、提升奖励质量等方式发挥科技奖励的承认、激励导向和竞争作用。在此基础上分析广东省科技奖励体系存在的问题，提出发挥民间力量设奖、规范奖后派生待遇、提高个人奖项权重、加大对青年科学家支持力度等对策建议。     

重构我国科技奖励的社会分层体系

科技奖励的社会分层直接影响着科技奖励制度的实施效果。我国现行科技奖励按奖励主体的行政隶属关系进行分层,这种方式存在许多弊端,有必要对我国科技奖励的社会分层体系进行重新构建,政府奖根据行政级别进行社会分层,社会力量设奖则通过预先功能定位和社会选择来实现分层,社会力量设奖与政府奖两大系统共同构筑我国的科技奖励系统的金字塔结构。     

粤港澳三地政府科技奖励体系比较

比较分析粤港澳三地政府科技奖在奖项设置、参评方式、奖励对象、奖励等级与数量、评审组织、奖励方式等方面的异同和特点,发现广东省科技奖的行政色彩较为浓厚,政府部门作为主要提名者难以实质性落实提名责任,丰厚的奖励派生待遇偏离了科技奖励荣誉本身,缺乏对青年科技工作者的引导激励;澳门特区政府的科技奖与广东省科技奖较为相似,但其较为注重引导鼓励青年群体开展科技创新;香港特区政府的科技奖励注重发挥市场及社会组织的参与和管理作用.比较分析结果对完善广东省政府科技奖励体系的主要启示为:明晰非市场化激励机制和政策导向作用,进一步优化奖励对象结构,注重对青年科技人员的奖励,落实提名者责任,突出奖励的荣誉性和价值导向,实现与社会科技奖励的互补和协同发展.     

电子政务的效率机制简析

从质量、时效、成本三个维度比较了传统政务模式与电子政务模式的效率,理论分析表明电子政务从决策、执行、监督三个环节提高行政质量;从管理层次、管理幅度、信息交流三个方面缩短行政时效;从生产成本、管理成本和交易成本三个层次降低行政成本。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.