Who are we and where are we going?

The first part of this paper introduces a method for identifying the major patterns or trends of an institution. This method rests upon the identification of concrete decisions which are perceived as highly significant by individuals representing various segments of an institution. In the second part of the paper the method is applied to a recently established graduate school and research and development center. Five major institutional patterns which have characterized the development of this institution are identified and discussed: 1) democratization, 2) centralization of decision-making over research and development funds, 3) legitimation of development and implementation activities, 4) growth, and 5) entrenchment.Finally, the relevance of the findings is discussed in reference to all institutions of higher education; institutions which are faced with demands for broader participation on the one hand and increasing accountability on the other.The study upon which this paper is based was funded by the Research and Development Review Board, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Thanks are also due to Professors John Holland and Michael Skolnik for many valuable suggestions.     

Sector differences in the role of institutional research in informing decision making and governance in higher education

The intent of the authors in preparing this paper is to compare and contrast the roles of Institutional Research in informing decision making and governance in higher education. Using a case study format the authors will provide an example of a research project conducted within each of the following sectors of United States higher education system: private 4-year not for profit, public major research institutions/private specialized institutions, and a pubic state university system. The first case study from the private sector will feature a mixed methodology study that used data from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) and student focus groups to explore student engagement at this institution and inform faculty development. The second case study will compare the use of data for decision making from the standpoint of large public research institutions and private specialized institutions. The third case study from a state university system focuses on recent initiatives in the public sector to inform the public, the institutions, the State, and the federal government using data from institutional research offices, student engagement surveys, and student learning assessments shared through consortia and national associations. These examples will be discussed within the structure of decision making and governance in higher education.     

Students’ Views Regarding their Participation in University Governance: Implications for Distributed Leadership in Higher Education

The paper examines the views of students regarding the extent of their participation in the management of their university and their satisfaction with the degree of this participation. After an examination of the literature on student participation in university governance, the author presents the results of a survey based on data collected from 135 students of the University of Cyprus in 2002. According to the findings, respondents believed that their involvement in the management of their institution was very limited. This applied to both high and low levels of decision making, even though respondents recognised that their input was greater in less important decisions. The perceived limited involvement resulted in feelings of frustration and dissatisfaction among students, with the majority of respondents demanding a higher level of participation for all three decision making situations considered in the study. The paper discusses the implications of the findings for the practice of distributed leadership at contemporary universities, with emphasis on the need to abandon outdated leadership models. Specifically, it proposes measures for increasing student participation in university governance in the framework of a distributed leadership approach designed to empower the key stakeholders of higher education.     

英美传统大学治理结构研究——基于大学章程的考察

大学治理是实现现代大学制度的重要途径,决策机构、执行机构和学术机构共同构成了大学治理结构的核心部分。英美传统的大学历史久远,一般均在其章程中对此做了明确规定。结合有关大学章程,我们可对英美传统大学的治理结构进行类型化梳理,进而认识多元治理模式与大学自治模式的决策机构,实权型与荣誉型的校长负责制,以及咨询型与决策型的学术机构,从而对英美传统大学治理结构进行整体把握。     

An empirical investigation of campus portal usage

This study has determined the determinants of the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness and their influence on campus portal usage. A quantitative approach was employed, using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, adapted from previous studies. Data were gathered through a survey conducted with 341 staff working in the University of Malaya and were analysed using the partial least squares technique. The results indicate that the ease of finding and ease of understanding have a positive impact on the perceived ease of use of the campus portal. Furthermore, this study also reported a significant positive effect of service quality, information, and process on perceived usefulness of the campus portal. Our study suggests that the perceived ease of use and usefulness are vital towards enhancing the usage frequency and volume of the campus portal. This study broadens the knowledge concerning factors that increase campus portal usage which will enable academic institutions to refine the campus portal thus enhancing the portal usage.     

Impacts of perceived country image,institution image and self-image on students’ intention to study abroad: a study in Hanoi,Vietnam

ABSTRACT

This study examined high school students’ evaluations of a country image, institution image and self-image with regards to their intention to attend a foreign university. Using data gathered from students in Hanoi (n?=?403), this study found that the students have more positive perceptions of the host country, the host institution and their desired self-image if they choose to study abroad as compared to those of their home country (Vietnam). In addition, the perceived image of the host country and host institution can generate a significant impact on the formation of the students’ desired self-image. However, the most important antecedent of the students’ intention is the discrepancy between the perceived image of the host country and the perceived image of the home country. Based on these findings, implications for foreign institutions and home institutions in recruiting and retaining students are discussed.     

Effective University Leadership and Management of Learning and Teaching in a Widening Participation Context: Findings from two national Australian studies

Abstract

The paper argues for the need to increase student participation in university governance, especially in relation to high‐level decision‐making concerning the aims and mission of tertiary institutions. The paper examines the arguments in favour of, and against, student participation in university governance. It also provides an overview of the findings of recent empirical studies on the topic. The need for a process of negotiation in the setting of higher education aims is emphasised and several suggestions are offered regarding ways of increasing student involvement in the aims‐setting process.     

对我国独立董事制度移植效应的分析——从制度互补性的角度

公司治理制度必须与其所处经济中的其他制度相互补。根植于美国的独立董事制度建立在一系列相关制度的基础。因此,其它国家（地区）在移植美国的独立董事制度时,必须要注意独立董事制度与本国现有制度的互补性。从我国的情况来看,尚缺乏与独立董事制度互补的制度,这是我国独立董事制度发生移植效应的重要原因。从此可以看出,由于公司治理的制度互补性特征,完全的公司治理趋同是不可能出现的。     

制度分析与高等教育研究

制度分析不仅以制度为研究对象 ,还构成一种研究方法与范式 ,即通过制度主义视角重新审视高等教育现象与问题 ,提出制度创新的可能途径。制度分析主要源于新制度主义的启发 ,借鉴了多学科方法 ,在理论上强调制度的内生性特点 ,对具体制度做发生学研究 ,追问制度安排的合法性。高等教育制度分析具备上述特征 ,并着力探讨高等教育诱致性制度变迁的可能性 ,试图从交易成本理论、组织理论、博弈论等出发 ,揭示高等教育制度的双重性 :既是重复博弈的内生产物 ,又独立于参与者的行动选择。高等教育制度分析服从于高等教育组织特性。目前 ,当务之急是要处理好理论研究、经验研究和政策分析三者之间的关系     

University social responsibility in the context of economic displacement from the proposed upgrading of a higher education institution: The case of the University of Groningen Yantai campus

Around the world, especially in rapidly developing countries, many higher education institutions of various forms are being established. In China, many new universities have been created, including by upgrading existing tertiary education institutions. This process creates economic displacement, with livelihood consequences and social impacts on existing employees and local communities. Using the proposed (but now cancelled) University of Groningen campus in Yantai, China, as a case study, we consider the social impacts that were experienced, or were likely to be experienced, by the employees of the pre-existing institution. Existing employees experienced many negative impacts from economic displacement. They were not satisfied with the compensation offered, their views and interests were not adequately considered, and many were afraid to express their concerns. The institutions involved in the project failed to fulfil their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental, social and governance (ESG) obligations to ensure no harm.     

Assessing undergraduate education from graduating seniors' perspective: Peer institutions provide the context

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative research study as a model for assessing undergraduate education. This evaluation model used Factor Analysis to create scales, tested the reliability of these scales, and used Analysis of Variance to compare the primary institution with five types of comparable institutions. The value of this statistical/ methodological evaluation model was shown. Results are based on Class of 1998 survey responses from 244 graduating seniors at the primary institution and 1481 students at 39 peer institutions. Comparative analyses identified business courses, faculty, career preparation and impact on students' technological skill as strengths and students' knowledge of arts and foreign languages and campus social life as areas for improvement at the primary institution. Recommendations advocated publicising students' superior satisfaction with courses, faculty and career preparation; using these results as baseline data for future curriculum evaluation; and continuing efforts to enhance campus social life.     

Academics in an Era of Structural Change: An Australian Experience

This article reports upon the results of a survey of academics in ten post‐binary institutions, with respect to the impact of systemic restructuring upon them. Specifically, it is concerned with respondents’ perceptions of the effects of amalgamation/redesignation, the values of the post‐binary universities and the nature of the Unified National System. The study's findings reflect higher education institutions undergoing profound and discomfiting consolidation. Mergers, with some notable exceptions, seem to have been more difficult in the incorporated than the redesignated universities. Although binary backgrounds and subsequent placement in a redesignated or incorporated institution, have had a strong influence upon respondents, there is also notable agreement amongst them in relation to the values of the post‐binary institutions, the nature of the Unified National System and the increasing privatisation of the universities. While official expectations were for a more diverse higher education system, influenced by the legacies of the former CAE system, and those of the former binary universities, the college legacy is not perceived to be notably significant in the new order. The absorption of the former binary system, into a unitary system of universities, has been difficult, and the values of the new higher education institutions are regarded as being neither highly adaptive nor pluralistic.     

从权力主体角度看“教授治校”

"教授治校"的权力主体当然是"教授","教授"是大学权力主体的表征。"教授治校"制度是对大学学术机构本质的认同,"教授治校"存在的合法性与合理性在于它客观地反映了大学作为特殊学术机构的性质和特点。"教授治校"是大学管理权力主体的归位,中国大学内部治理结构变革应当充分借鉴西方大学普遍实施的"教授治校"的管理模式,真正赋予教师在大学管理中的权力和地位。     

校园安全与校园性骚扰 ——一项基于北京高校的调查研究

本研究基于对12所北京高校4381名学生的问卷调查数据,采用交叉分析和多值逻辑回归的方法探究校园安全与校园性骚扰之间的关系。研究发现,学生对夜晚学校不同场所安全状况的感知低于白天,在控制相关变量的情况下,学生对夜晚校园安全状况的感知与遭受性骚扰的频率之间具有显著的负向关系。同时,居住在校内的学生较之居住在校外的学生更不容易成为性骚扰行为的受害者,这说明高校的安全保卫对预防校园性骚扰有着积极的作用。此外,男生相对于女生更容易成为性骚扰行为的频繁受害者。基于这些研究发现,本文从学校和学生两个方面提出了建设平安校园和性别平等校园的建议。     

Assessing Undergraduate Education from Graduating Seniors’ Perspective: Peer Institutions Provide the Context

This paper presents a comparative research study as a model for assessing undergraduate education. This evaluation model used Factor Analysis to create scales, tested the reliability of these scales, and used Analysis of Variance to compare the primary institution with five types of comparable institutions. The value of this statistical/methodological evaluation model was shown. Results are based on Class of l998survey responses from 244 graduating seniors at the primary institution and 1481 students at 39peer institutions. Comparative analyses identified business courses, faculty, career preparation and impact on students’ technological skill as strengths and students’ knowledge of arts and foreign languages and campus social life as areas for improvement at the primary institution. Recommendations advocated publicising students’ superior satisfaction with courses, faculty and career preparation; using these results as baseline data for future curriculum evaluation; and continuing efforts to enhance campus social life. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

试论示范性高职院校校园文化建设

示范性高职院校校园文化建设,除具有职业教育的特点外,更表现在它是为示范性建设目标服务的,是高职院校示范性建设的重要组成部分。大师风范、准确定位、物质基础、学校精神以及制度文化的建设是示范性高职院校校园文化建设的重要内容。     

Teacher participation in the decision‐making process: reality and repercussions in Indian higher education

The study reported here focused on comparing teachers’ actual and desired participation in different decision‐making situations and examined how participation in decision making differs in Indian higher educational institutions. The paper provides a comparison of findings with similar studies conducted in Western settings regarding the relationship of participative decision making (PDM) with some selected organizational variables: teachers’ job satisfaction, organizational goal commitment, role ambiguity, and role conflict. Data were gathered through a survey of 281 faculty members of Banaras Hindu University, India. Results indicate that in the Indian context, teachers’ actual and desired participation was highest in institutional decisions and lowest in technical decisions. Among the personal variables, age, designation, teaching experience and span of service in present institution were found to be significantly related with decisional participation of university teachers. It is recommended that administrators evolve a mechanism for inviting participation of teachers in different decisional domains, based on the findings of this study.     

民办高校治理能力的特殊性与提升路径

民办高校治理能力是民办高校的利益主体共同开展治理活动、最大限度地实现办学目标的能力。主体性因素是影响民办高校治理能力的主要因素,但不同主体对治理能力的影响是不同的。社会力量投资办学的特征及举办者控制型管理模式带来了诸多利益冲突,使民办高校治理面临着与公办高校不同的难题,民办高校治理能力有其特殊性。民办高校治理能力提升需要在分类管理的框架下创新外部管理制度,通过修订章程推进依法治理,通过完善治理结构提高决策水平。     

Student Participation in Higher Education Institutions in Turkey

After the 2001 meeting of the European Ministers of Education held in Prague, higher education institutions in Turkey took serious actions in order to implement the goals of the Bologna Declaration (1999). Arrangements made for the democratization of universities and student participation in the decision‐making process formed one of the predominant actions. The formal point of these arrangements – aimed at student involvement in the university governance process via Student Councils and their representatives, was prescribed by law and forced universities to comply with the process. The present research provides information about the legal arrangements in higher education institutions concerning student involvement in the university decision‐making process and the obstacles met within the course of application. In addition, it presents the findings of an empirical study related to student representation and involvement in governance through the agency of the Student Councils.     

Analysis of student activity in web-supported courses as a tool for predicting dropout

Persistence in learning processes is perceived as a central value; therefore, dropouts from studies are a prime concern for educators. This study focuses on the quantitative analysis of data accumulated on 362 students in three academic course website log files in the disciplines of mathematics and statistics, in order to examine whether student activity on course websites may assist in providing early identification of learner dropout from specific courses or from degree track studies in general. It was found in this study that identifying the changes in student activity during the course period could help in detecting at-risk learners in real time, before they actually drop out from the course. Data examination on a monthly basis throughout the semester can enable educators and institutions to flag students that have been identified as having unusual behavior, deviating from the course average. It was found that a large percentage of students (66%) who had been marked as at-risk actually did not finish their courses and/or degree. The presented analysis allows instructors to observe website student usage data during a course, and to locate students who are not using the system as expected. Furthermore, it could enable university decision makers to see the information on a campus level for initiating intervention programs.