A NEW LOGIC OF EMANCIPATION: THE METHODOLOGY OF JACQUES RANCIÈRE

The idea of emancipation plays a central role in modern educational theories and practices. The emancipatory impetus is particularly prominent in critical traditions and approaches where the aim of education is conceived as that of emancipating students from oppressive structures in the name of social justice and human freedom. What is needed to effect emancipation, so it is assumed in this tradition, is an exposition of the workings of power, as it is only when one sees and understands how power operates that it is possible to address its influence. In several of his publications the French philosopher Jacques Rancière has raised questions about the logic of this view of emancipation. Throughout his career Rancière has also worked consistently on the articulation of a different approach, an alternative way to understand and do emancipation. In this essay Gert Biesta provides a systematic reconstruction of Rancière's ideas on emancipation from three angles: political theory, political practice, and the practice of education. Biesta argues that Rancière provides us with a new and different way to understand how education might contribute to emancipation and also where and how, often in the name of emancipation and democracy, it actually hinders emancipation.     

教育评价发展历史的哲学考察

将教育评价发展历史与哲学发展的历程结合起来,对教育评价的历史进行哲学考察,寻求教育评价内在的发展规定性,以期对当代价值多元化背景下教育评价观的建构,寻找哲学的、历史依据。     

A critical ethic in a knowledge economy: research degree candidates in the workplace

This paper provides a philosophical viewpoint to questions regarding the role and purpose of the research degree. Drawing on non‐binary accounts of knowledge within the philosophical tradition, it argues against the instrumentalist conception of applied knowledge evident within higher education policy. The paper identifies a critical ethic at work within the views of research candidates who do a research degree to complement an established professional career. A parallel is identified between the critical ethic that is evident within professional's conceptions of the role and value of a research degree and the notion of philosophy as a way of life that was prevalent in antiquity. The implications for research pedagogy of treating criticality as a way of life are then explored through Ronald Barnett's alternative model for higher education as a facilitator of ‘critical being’.     

认识理念与实践观念在现实社会的功能

真理与价值、实践观念与价值观念，这些在唯物辩证的思维看来具有着辩证关系的哲学范畴，长期以来却被习惯思维直观的感性人为地分割开来，使得人的社会活动的完整过程被肢解，把对客观事物某一方面现象的判断与对客观事物的真理性认识混为一谈，这种形而上的抽象思维人为地制造了思想上的麻烦。而实际所呈现的情况是，真理与价值、实践观念与价值观念是既相对独立又密不可分的联系在一起的，认识理念与实践观念的统一正是人的精神力量的完整体现。     

The Need for Philosophical Analysis in a Postmodern Era

The word "postmodern" has no clear meaning, and there is no coherent conception of postmodernism. The central ideas associated with postmodernism are variously, true but familiar and relatively insignificant, false, or misconceived. There are certain basic epistemological points that cannot in good faith be coherently denied. The nature of these is such to make it clear that philosophical analysis (understood in a particular sense and distinguished from linguistic analysis) is a sine quo non of generating understanding and making meaning.     

Cultivating an inclusive individuality: Critical reflections on the idea of quality education in contemporary China

Quality education reform in China gives high importance to developing the individual’s full potential. However, the education system is dominated by a kind of exclusive competitiveness in which high stakes examinations shape the learning process. This paper seeks to bring a philosophical perspective regarding the disjunction between the intent of reform and the reality of an exam-oriented system by proposing a conception of inclusive individuality. I argue that the conception of inclusive individuality pays particular attention to the inner strength of every unique student and is crucial to realizing the individual’s full potential. The ideas of three philosophers, John Dewey, Liang Shuming, and Albert Camus, are drawn upon in formulating this conception of inclusive individuality. At the practical level, the paper suggests the use of narrative approach as a way of developing students’ inner strength to bring their lives into the classroom and empowering them to interact with the formal curriculum and develop their own inclusive individuality.     

试论马德新著作中的“天”及伊斯兰教和儒教关系

本文着重讨论了中国伊斯兰教著名学者马德新如何综合了伊斯兰教和儒教思想的"天"的观念,以及他将儒教哲学思想范畴中程朱理学的"天"等同为伊斯兰教认主学中的"真宰"或"主宰"观念的宗教学比较方法,以理性的倾向竭诚致力于将伊斯兰教的基本思想与回民穆斯林所生活的中国社会的儒家思想的一些基本观念沟通起来,并试图促进双方的相互理解和和平相处。     

从语言观的变迁看翻译研究

在"语言反映存在"的认识基础上产生的翻译观基本都是寻求译文与原文的对等,而后期人们对于语言的本质展开了更为深入的讨论,"语言就是存在",而不再是人认识世界的理性工具,传统理论中原文与译文的关系遭到了颠覆,人们开始怀疑语言是否有确定的指称,是否能在译语中实现对等,是否能完全理解文本原意。     

The structure of educational research

Educational research is widely construed as the scientific investigation of the causes of ‘effective’ teaching. Discussion of values and philosophical problems is condemned as descent into ‘ideology’. Opposing this is a conception of teaching as phronesis where educational research and philosophy may be desirable, but have no direct relationship to practice. It is contended in this article that both of these views are misconceived. In educational research, empirical questions are secondary, values are central, and philosophical investigation is central to the determination of these. Philosophy, not social science, directly governs policy and practice; virtue governed by logic, not causation under natural law, is the principal explanatory concept. Educational research, then, is logically tied to practice. This sanctions not the authoritarian ‘methods that work’ project, but a pluralistic conception of research anchored in the autonomy of teachers and pupils.     

孟子“浩然之气”说再考论

“治然之气”在中哲史研究中常常被作为神秘主义的范畴而末得到深究。本文给予厘定与解释：《管子》的精气说是孟子“浩然之气”范畴的历史来源。孟子予精气说以人大主义的内涵，从而使这一朴素的唯物主义本体学说成为孟子沟通天人，打通本体与伦理、天道与人德的重要哲学观念。     

论对称与非对称

对称和非对称是十分普遍的现象,作为一对哲学范畴,它们与唯物辩证法的其他成对范畴是紧密联系又互相区别的,是客观世界一切事物一切过程的普遍的本质属性.研究它们的普遍形态、对立统一及其辩证转化,对于帮助人们掌握最普遍的客观联系,具有理论和实践两方面的方法论意义.     

论对称与非对称

对称和非对称是十分普遍的现象,作为一对哲学范畴,它们与唯物辩证法的其他成对范畴是紧密联系又互相区别的,是客观世界一切事物一切过程的普遍的本质属性。研究它们的普遍形态、对立统一及其辩证转化,对于帮助人们掌握最普遍的客观联系,具有理论和实践两方面的方法论意义。     

论中医整体观的哲学根源和基本特征

在中国传统哲学思想“观物取象”和”类比推行”思维方式影响下的中医学整体观,其内容上指谓对象是一个连续变化和普遍联系的无限整体现,具有网络性、开放性、和谐性的基本特征。     

从杜威到胡适——实用主义之变异

胡适将杜威的实用主义介绍到中国，使其内容发生了很大的变异，最典型的是将其经验本体论演变为经验认识论，将其普通的哲学方法演变为特殊的治学方法。原因在于因时代错位而作出的理论选择，也是中西文化交融过程中的一种诠释的结果。     

论哲学的个性与马克思哲学

哲学的存在方式成为一个必须探讨的问题,而追问“哲学在哪里”即是对哲学存在方式的具体考量。文章首先从三个层面分析了哲学存在于充满哲学个性的哲学家、一定的文化生态和现实生活“之中”;在此基础上,从七个层面上揭示了马克思哲学的个性特质,强调马克思哲学本质上是“生活哲学”;最后指出,研究马克思哲学必须以把握马克思哲学的哲学个性为前提,以避免误读马克思哲学。     

《红楼梦》电视剧改编中的“境”审美初探

作为文学经典的电视剧改编,它所关涉的是不同艺术门类艺术审美的差异。＂虚境审美＂和＂实境审美＂作为理解不同艺术的美学方法,对于认识文学经典改编中的得失不无启迪。论文通过1987版和2010版《红楼梦》电视剧改编的虚境审美与实境审美转换、改编中＂境＂审美的不同层次以及改编中＂境＂审美的哲学蕴含等三个方面探讨了意境审美对于电视剧改编的重要性     

Education and the Logic of Economic Progress

Over the last few decades, the idea that education should function to promote economic progress has played a major role in shaping educational policy. So far, however, philosophers of education have shown relatively little interest in analysing this notion and its implications. The present article critically examines, from a philosophical perspective, the link between education and the currently prevailing understanding of economic progress, which is grounded in human capital theory. A number of familiar philosophical objections to the idea that economic progress is a worthy educational aim are raised, but it is held that many of these objections stem from a partial understanding of economic theory. The article then moves on to investigate the foundations of human capital theory's conception of economic progress. It is argued that there are inherent tensions between the philosophical foundations of the economist's conception of progress and the very essence of education. The article concludes by suggesting that in order to resolve these tensions we should consider grounding the economic theory that guides educational policy‐making in an intersubjective or objective conception of welfare.     

教育评价的哲学反思

教育评价对基础教育改革起着重要的导向和质量监控作用，直接影响着教育目的的实现和教育改革的转向与落实。面对当前的教育评价现状，我们需要站在哲学的高度，用哲学的眼光和视野进行深层次的反思。从什么是教育评价、为什么评价和如何评价这三个方面来把握和关注教育评价的基本观念。     

从哲学的超越性看哲学观

哲学是一种超越性智慧,包括知识超越和价值超越。这种哲学观有多方面的意义:即统摄各种典型的哲学类型而避免其他哲学观的局限;对许多哲学问题进行合理定位;重新审定发展哲学的方法与思路。     

Learning Across Contexts

This paper maintains that post Lave and Wenger VET has overlooked the relation between vocational curricula and workplace practice. The paper attributes this oversight to Kant's legacy in the ‘situated’ tradition in VET and critics of that tradition. The paper argues that when Vygotsky's concept of mediation is allied to the recent work of Robert Brandom and John McDowell, it is possible to formulate a non‐dualisitic conception of the relation between mind and world that goes beyond the Kantian separation of mind and allows us to grasp the interdependency of theory and practice. The paper concludes by outlining the implications of this philosophical and theoretical claim for vocational curriculum and vocational pedagogy.