浅谈语文课堂教学结束语方法的视角选择

语文课堂教学是学生掌握知识,了解世界的窗口,也是教学成功与否的重要保证.而结束语的视角选择恰恰又是培养学生自学能力的关键,本文旨在通过六种结束语方法的探讨来提高教师的课堂教学质量,以拓宽学生的知识结构.     

Through a different lens: exploring Reggio Emilia in a Welsh context

In Wales, concerns about the perceived over‐formalisation of young children’s educational experiences led to the introduction of a Foundation Phase Framework for children aged three to seven years that advocates a more holistic, play‐based approach. Following the staging of the Reggio Emilia travelling exhibition, funding was secured for a project in which teachers explored Reggio philosophy and practices as a means of gaining insight into their thinking and pedagogy. Given the introduction of the Foundation Phase, the project also intended to support teachers’ explorations of child‐led learning. Looking at their practice ‘through another lens’ exposed teachers’ commitment to an approach dominated by prescribed, subject‐related outcomes. This approach influenced the way in which the teachers interpreted key aspects of Reggio philosophy and contributed to their difficulties with ‘supporting’ child‐led learning. The paper concludes that moving away from a ‘subject‐centred’ approach, particularly when the Framework includes prescribed learning outcomes, may be extremely challenging for teachers.     

教育生态视域下的民族文化传承班探索

民族文化传承班是教育生态系统下的子系统,按照生态学适应性、多样性、平衡性、动力性、共同演进性的原则,分别从宏观、中观、微观层面对其与社会生态系统、学校生态系统、课堂生态环境的关系进行梳理,从而按照生态学基本原理从教育投入、教师、学生、教育结构等不同层面建设具有区域特色的民族文化传承班.     

课堂语境视角下的范读

语文教师在课堂上的范读是一种特殊的语用活动.针对传统范读重操作轻实效的现状,笔者尝试通过分析课堂语境及其对范读的影响来为范读寻找出路.本文主要从言内语境、言伴语境和言外语境三个方面来讨论课堂语境对范读的影响.     

生态学视野下的课堂教学设计

该文从分析教学设计存在的问题入手,运用生态学的观点和基本原理,解释教学设计的问题,并用生态学的观点对教学设计进行具体分析,为教学设计提供一个新的视角。     

Doing different things or doing things different: exploring the role of action learning in innovation

The notion of action learning driven innovation is explored with reference to three action-learning projects carried out in the last year and a proposed multi stakeholder project starting in 2016. The authors also provide an account of ‘innovation’, including its rationale and characteristics, and argues for its particular suitability in the practice of action learning.     

班级建设与管理之我见

班级管理建设的方法有很多,各显神通,所采用的方法如下:班级创建初期是形成良好班风的最好时机;班级的凝聚力是形成良好班风的必要条件;用良好的班集体氛围影响和带动每个学生,促进学生自我教育、自我管理。     

Reading comprehension and its relation to the quality of functional hearing: evidence from readers with different functional hearing abilities

Three groups of students--19 hard of hearing, 20 deaf, and a control group of 36 typically developing hearing readers--were compared on their ability to process written words at the lexical level and on their comprehension of words within the structure of a sentence. Findings generally suggested that severe prelingual hearing loss does not prevent the development of word processing strategies adequate for efficient processing of written words at the lexical level, although such hearing loss seems to put individuals at risk of failure in internalizing syntactic knowledge crucial for proper processing of words at the sentence level. Evidence further indicated that neither the amount of functional hearing (deaf vs. hard of hearing), the hearing status of their parents (hearing impaired vs. hearing), nor the use of sign language as a primary communication mode was a direct cause in this regard.     

Phonological sensitivity and reading: evidence from precocious readers

This paper reports the results from a study investigating the level of phonological sensitivity, letter knowledge and reading ability of two groups of children between the ages of 5 and 7 years. One group of children were identified as being fluent readers at the age of 5 years, before they had begun school. These children were paired with a group of children of the same age and vocabulary development but who were not yet reading. The performance of the two groups of children on the tasks measuring phonological sensitivity confirmed the view of Stanovich (1986, 1992) that phonological sensitivity lies on a continuum from shallow to deep. Shallow levels of phonological sensitivity, tapped by rhyming tasks, seem to be necessary for reading to progress whereas deeper levels of sensitivity develop later and have a more reciprocal relationship to reading progress.     

论大班教学条件下的学生全员发展

大班教学怎样实现全员发展问题是长期困扰教师的问题。加德纳的多元智能理论启发我们，可以在课堂教学中动用和开发学生的多种智力资源以谋求学生从各自的智力长项受益，卡罗尔的学习达成度公式提出了改善教学行为、提供学习机会的更为明晰的主张。在上述两种理论启发下，本文提出了大班教学实现全员发展的新思路：立足于面向全体学生的群体教学，融入小组合作学习和个人自学。在群体教学中，教师要在提高教学可懂度、增加学生参与机会；教学内容突出精要，教学方式注重生成两个层面上努力。在小组活动和学生自学上，教师要充分发挥和发展学生的内在资源。     

基于情感教育视角的会计专业毕业班班主任工作分析

毕业生是一个特殊的群体,面临着毕业和找工作的双重压力。面对这样的现状,班主任作为班级的管理者和教育者,要特别重视与学生的情感交流,善于把握学生的心理,了解学生的情感需求,创建平等的交流氛围,采用适当的方法,有效拨动学生的心灵。     

Writing for Change: Developing Class One textbooks and readers in Andhra Pradesh,Southern India

Ongoing work in Andhra Pradesh Primary Education Project (APPEP) (Southern India) has resulted in the production of a new Class 1 textbook, teacher textbook and eight supplementary readers. These important and innovative new classroom materials have been produced as a result of training and workshops involving resource persons from the Telugu Academy, Telugu University, State Centre for Educational Research and Training and lecturers in District Institutes of Education and Training. Additionally, for the first time, primary school teachers were co‐opted on an equal basis to work on the materials.

The textbook, which constitutes the only learning material in Class One, is designed to teach children to read and write in Telugu. Previous research showed that children at the end of Class 2 were mostly unable to identify letters or words out of the context and order in which they appeared in the textbook. The current state textbook was basically a writing primer, teaching writing in alphabetic order with reading rarely going beyond single words or sentences.

The new textbook incorporates the necessary ‘reading context’ using rhymes, short stories and dialogue to encourage shared reading with the teacher before individual letters are learned. The order of introduction of the letters for writing has been based on research showing generalisable shapes in letters; alphabetic order is learned as a separate item. The pictures in the book were designed to promote discussion and develop prediction and an understanding of story structure. The content was matched to the child's developmental and psychological needs.

The teacher textbook incorporates ideas for extending learning into activities and exercises and consists of the children's textbook interleaved with teacher guidance. The evaluation shows that this teacher guidance has been used and valued by the teachers.

The eight supplementary readers are at four levels. Level One is for shared reading with the teacher and includes folk stories, songs and a story about a family. Level Two are picture books with simple captions and sentences using only the letters and words already learned by the child. Level Three progresses to more extensive stories including some information based stories. Level Four revisits Level One for independent reading of the same books.

The books have been trialled in 50 sample schools matched on a number of variables to 50 control schools. A pre‐reading test was administered to all children and a post‐reading test measured learning gains. Case studies of the books in use in classrooms were also undertaken. The evaluation to date shows significant learning gains amongst the children in the sample schools, a high degree of teacher satisfaction and interest and approval from parents and children. A resource team including teachers has been trained for further renewal of textbooks throughout the primary years.

This work has been funded by the Overseas Development Administration and they will fund the provision of eight supplementary readers in all Class One in schools throughout the state in 1996. After revision the textbook will be implemented by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.     

儿童媒介教育:批判力的视角

日益普及的大众媒介正影响着儿童生活与学习的方方面面。然而,当媒介环境完全代替儿童的自然环境时,儿童就有可能失去其天真本性,主体发生异化。本文正是针对儿童生活在媒介环境中出现的一些问题,诉求儿童自我异化的原因,分析儿童媒介教育的内容、方法和策略。     

Reading in able and disabled readers from around the world: same or different? An illustration from a study of reading‐related processes in a Swahili sample of siblings

Erratum . Journal of Research in Reading 29:2, 252 In this article, we discuss two characteristics of the majority of current behaviour‐ and molecular‐genetic studies of reading ability and disability, specifically, the ascertainment strategies and the populations from which samples are selected. In the context of this discussion, we present data that we collected on a sample of Swahili‐speaking siblings from Tanzania. With this sample, we (1) explore the efficiency and practicality of the single proband sibpair design and (2) provide data on the predictability of reading and spelling performance using reading‐related componential measures in a novel Swahili‐speaking sample. Specifically, we present the selection criteria, discuss the pattern of behavioural and behaviour‐genetic results obtained on the sample and compare these results with those available in the literature. We report behavioural and behaviour‐genetic correlations in this sample that are comparable with other studied samples in other languages, and discuss the similarities and differences. Thus, we demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of the single sib ascertainment method for genetic analyses of reading ability and disability in novel samples in previously unstudied languages.     

IQ vs phonological recoding skill in explaining differences between poor readers and normal readers in word recognition: Evidence from a naming task

The aim of this study was to investigate whether differences inreading performance between poor readers and normal readers could bebetter explained by phonological recoding deficiences than IQ. A sampleof 132 Spanish children was classified into four groups according to IQ(<80; 81--90; 91--109; 110--140) and into two groups based on readingskills (poor readers vs normal readers). A word naming task was alsoadministered. We manipulated the word parameters (length, positionalsyllable frequency, and word frequency) and nonword parameters (lengthand positional syllable frequency) to find out whether students withreading disabilities would have more difficulties than normal readers innaming words under conditions that require extensive phonologicalcomputation. The results demonstrated that there were differencesbetween Spanish children who were normal readers and those who were poorreaders, independent of their IQs.     

… And a View from the Centre

Tony Burroughes, manager of the Great Yarmouth training centre, describes the conditions which he thinks are essential if subnormal trainees are to succeed in open employment     

Homophone effects in deaf readers: evidence from lexical decision

The current study examined the nature of deaf readers’ phonological processing during online word recognition, and how this compares to similar effects in hearing individuals. Unlike many previous studies on phonological activation, we examined whether deaf readers activated phonological representations for words as opposed to pseudohomophones. Both hearing and deaf adults performed lexical decisions on homophones and control words in the context of either pseudoword foils (e.g., CLANE) or pseudohomophone foils (e.g., BRANE). As expected, hearing readers responded more slowly to homophones than to control words in both non-word contexts, reflecting phonological activation during reading. In contrast, deaf readers responded more slowly to homophones than to control words in the pseudohomophone foil context, but not in the pseudoword foil context. This finding suggests that deaf readers are able to activate phonological representations; however the nature of these representations appears to be more coarse-grained in deaf readers.